HLTH 1000 exam 1
What is Biomedical Informatics (as defined by AMIA)?
"interdisciplinary field that studies and pursues the effective uses of biomedical data, information, and knowledge for scientific inquiry, problem solving, and decision making, motivated by efforts to improve human health"
What are the subfields of biomedical informatics?
-Four on left: Public health informatics, clinical informatics, imaging informatics, and bioinformatics -right side: component sciences
What is Knowledge?
-application of data and info -provides how
What is an information system?
-automated system - a system that receives and processes input & provides output -uses computer hardware and software to record, manipulate, store, recover, and disseminate data
Describe health informaticians
-cognitive skills logical/analytical thinking -technical understanding of computing -awareness of privacy/security policies -diff. backgrounds/experience/education -varied responsibilities -data > info > knowledge
Challenges presented with social media?
-concerns w/ privacy/security -risk of liability -lack of law/legislation governing boundaries -lack of payment for engagement -lack of frequent data updates -resistance by h/c providers (lose person-person interaction)
Advantages of social media? -example of recent trend
-cost effective -faster deployment -little/no IT support needed -designed for sharing -better technology for mobile computing recent trend: cloud software as a service (SaaS)
What is information?
-data processed to be useful -answers who, what, where, when
What is HIE (health information exchange)? What does it involve?
-electronic movement of health-related info among organizations -involves networks -local, state, national HIE initiatives
What is Wisdom?
-evaluated understanding -provides why
What is the focus and 2 responsibilities of researchers in the research role of informatics?
-focus: informatics applications in clinical/translational research -responsibilities: advance medical science/public health & informatics science
What is the focus and responsibility of clinical personnel in the health care delivery role of informatics? Example?
-focus: patient care -responsibility: manage/process clinical data, info, knowledge to support practice -example: creating health networks that allow dr's and nurses to shark knowledge and best practices
What is the focus and 2 responsibilities of professors in the academic role of informatics?
-focus: teaching & research -responsibilities: educate & conduct research
What is Clinical informatics? example?
-individual/patient focused -EMR
Who makes up the health informatics team? What do skills, roles, responsibility depend on?
-informaticians with diff. backgrounds, experience, education -level of education, stages of career progression
What is Bioinformatics? example?
-molecular & cellular processes focused -genome sequencing -how info is represented/transmitted in biological systems
What are 3 impacts from emerging technologies?
-networked communication infrastructure -access to health info and health related support services -expands communication choices for health professionals/pts/consumers
What doesn't & what does contain guidelines regarding the transmission of personal health information over the Internet?
-not HIPAA -Subtitle D of HITECH act: part of ARRA addressed concerns, but since they aren't a part of HIPAA they remain a challenge for HCP's
What is Imaging Informatics? examples?
-organ/tissue focused -CT scan, PACS (pic. archiving comm. systems) -acquisition images in/conversion to digital form & use in digital form
What is public health informatics? examples?
-population/society focused -ex: disease surveillance, electronic telecomm., immunization registries, homeland security (bioterrorism) -applied to probs drawn from public health
What are 5 HCIS components?
-pt management/billing -department mgmt. -care delivery/clinical documentation -clinical decision support -financial/resource management
What is eHealth (2 definitions)? example?
-use of info and communication tech. for health for diff purposes -application of internet/other technologies to h/c for various goals/objective (to improve effectiveness) -telemedicine (delivery h/c at a distance)
Regarding general characteristics of an information system, what are the 4 main parts? example of each
1. Inputs (order for drug) 2. data (prescribed drug) 3. process (verifies drug is correct for order) 4. outputs (documentation of administration
In the fundamental theorem of informatics: 1. What do the parenthesis indicate? 2. What does the "+" indicates? 3. Who/what are the information resources usually?
1. bonding 2. interaction 3. usually computer-based, but don't have to be
What 2 things does practice of informatics require? what training?
1. set of skills & methodological tools 2. knowledge, experience, activity -training in human-computer interaction
What is the purpose of each of the following application domains? 1. health care/clinical informatics 2. bioinformatics/computational biology 3. clinical research and translational informatics 4. public health informatics
1. to direct pt. care 2. support research 3. "bench to bedside" 4. build public health infrastructure
What is social media?
A group of Internet-based applications that build on (the ideological and technological foundations of) Web 2.0 and that allow the creation and exchange of user-generated content.
What is a driving force in health care (that is fueling the need for informatics applications)?
American Recovery & Reinvestment Act
What is a provision of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA)?
Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health (HITECH)
What is the image for the fundamental theorem of informatics?
The picture is that of parentheses, picture of a head of a person, a plus sign, picture of a computer, parentheses, greater than symbol, picture of a head of a person
What does the fundamental theorem of informatics mean?
a person working with an information resource is BETTER than that person working unassisted
_______is the science where information is characterized as data with meaning. a) Informatics b) Information management c) Information science d) Health information management
a) informatics
What is the issue with internet security?
access control/protection
What is an example of health information technology?
administrative and financial systems that facilitate billing, accounting, and other administrative tasks
What are the application domains for informatics?
any area of human endeavor supportable by information technology
What is another name for those in the health care delivery role of informatics?
applied health informatics
Which of the following is a supporting technology for health information management department systems? a) Computerized provider order entry b) Electronic document management system c) Bar-code medication administration d) Electronic clinical order entry and results reporting
b) Electronic document management system
An application of biomedical informatics that has the individual as its focus is ________. a) Public health informatics b) Bioinformatics c) Clinical informatics d) Imaging informatics
c) Clinical informatics
An Admission-Discharge-Transfer system would fall under which major category of an information system? a) Decision Support System b) Patient Management and Billing System c) Transaction Processing System d) Management Information System
c) Transaction Processing System
What is Practice Management system (PMS)
combo of financial/admin functions; combined with EMR is paramount -(pt appt, scheduling, restration, billing, payroll)
Skills/tools of health informaticians are derived from knowledge of what?
component sciences (logical/analytical thinking)
What is information management?
composed of data and information data: generation, collection, organization, validation, analysis, storage, and integration information: dissemination, communication, presentation, utilization, transmission, and safeguarding
What are global communications? -example
computer networking tools for int'l communications/info exchange -CDC's global health communications
Clinical informaticians could use information technology to _______. a) Assess information needs of patients b) Refine clinical processes c) Customize order-entry systems d) All of the above
d) All of the above
An information system is one which? a) Receives and processes data but does not provide output b) Only processes data c) Only processes and disseminates data d) Receives and processes input and provides output
d) Receives and processes input and provides output
What is an example of organizing data into info (in information system)?
data dictionary
What does information mean in the definition of informatics?
data with meaning
What 3 things is the definition of informatics based on?
data, information, knowledge
What is an example of information management?
deploying a content or document management system.
Who are bioinformaticians?
develop/apply computational tools and approaches for expanding use of biological data
What are 4 other current trends in health informatics?
eHealth, EMR, EHR, HIE
What is EHR?
electronic record of health-related info on an individual >within MORE THAN ONE h/c organization
What is EMR (electronic medical record)?
electronic record of health-related info on an individual >within ONE h/c organization
What is the purpose of health information management?
ensure availability, accuracy, protection of health info needed by many individuals in delivery of h/c and decision making activities
What are benefits of a documentation system?
facilitate capture/storage of info on pt care process which provides the info needed for billing and reimbursement (& public health/research purposes)
What is a decision support system? example?
gather data from many sources, assist in structuring data, improve decision-making -clinical DSS
What is a Management Information System (MIS)? examples?
helps managers plan, organize, evaluate their department -Laboratory department, ER department
What is health informatics?
informatics applied to h/c
What is a health care information system (HCIS)? example?
information system used within a health care organization -hospital information system (HIS): (contains the clinical, administrative, financial, and demographic information about each patient )
What does health informatics involve?
information technology
What is information system aka?
information technology (IT)
What is internet?
international network of computer servers to provide individuals access to software
What does health informatics include?
management and use of data and info in h/c
What does the HITECH division of ARRA do? What was the main stimulus opportunity?
meaningful use of interoperable health information technology and qualified EHRs -$19.2 billion on HIT
What is an example of being able to analyze info (in information system)?
medication management
Is there just one segment or domain for informatics?
no
What is web services?
open, standardized was of integrating applications
What does informatics focus on?
optimal use of meaningful data
What does information management focus on?
organization/dissemination of info
What are 2 characteristics of an info system?
organize data into info & analyze info
What is intranet?
private info network where servers are inside firewall/security barrier so general public can't gain access to info in network
What is a Transaction Processing System (TPS)? examples?
processes info in order to complete a transaction -ADT (admission-discharge-transfer), pt billing
What is and Admission-Discharge-Transfer (ADT)?
register/track pts from admission through discharge, including transfers
What is the issue with internet privacy?
right of a pt to control disclosure of protected health info
What does health informatics require?
standards
What is Financial and Resource Management systems? example? supporting technology?
support business functions; house financial & employee data -example: accounts payable system -supporting tech: claims admin
What are data?
symbols, facts, measurements
What is the issue with internet scalability?
system growth with user/data growth
What does it mean to be scalable? What happens if the vendor is slow to add computer and personnel resources?
system is able to grow with the increase in number of users, volume of data, etc -performance degradation is likely to occur
What is Department Management System? example? what is the supporting technology?
system that supports department's info needs; supply data to patient databases -example: health info mgmt dept systems -supporting tech: electronic document mgmt systems
What is Clinical Decision Support systems? example? What is the supporting technology?
systems that support clinical staff w/ data interpretation & decision making; accesses pt clinical data -example: prescription decision support -supporting tech: drug-drug interactions
What is Care Delivery and Clinical Documentation Systems? example? What is the supporting technology?
systems that support delivery of care and documentation of care; houses pt clinical data -example: clinical info systems -supporting tech: clinical documentation (in EMR)
What is Patient Management and Billing systems? example? what is the supporting technology?
systems that support management of patient -example: patient identification -supporting tech: master patient index
What is central to informatics?
the processing of data so it becomes meaningful
What is informatics?
the science of information
What does information system/tech focus on?
tools/machines
What is wireless technology?
uses wireless networks/devices to access/transmit data in real time
What do individuals involved with applied informatics applications provide?
vital link between clinicians, technology designers, and information technology