HLTH 101 Quiz

Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM)

Healthcare practices and products that are not considered part of conventional, mainstream medical practice as taught in most U.S. medical schools and that are not available at most healthcare facilities ex. acupuncture and herbal remedies

What is Healthy People 2020 and what are the broad national objectives?

Healthy People 2020 is a set of national goals, the result of a multiyear process that reflects input from a diverse group of individuals and organizations OBJECTIVES: - Eliminate preventable disease, disability, injury, and premature death - Achieve health equity, eliminate disparities, and improve health literacy - Create social, economic, and physical environments that promote good health for all - Promote healthy development and healthy behaviors across every stage of life

What are the primary treatment methods in Chinese medicine?

Herbal Remedies and Acupuncture

Why is it not always recommended to buy and take medications that have several ingredients that address several symptoms at once?

Increase side effects

Across the lifespan, and by sex, who experiences the most early death and nonfatal injuries and why?

Men/Young Men - testosterone leads to risky and aggressive behavior - brain structure and brain activity - cultural ideologies

What did the 2017 Stress in America survey discover?

Over half of Americans (53%) exercise or take part in physical activity to cope with stress

When prescribed medication by a healthcare provider, what are some things to remember, to avoid prescription misuse?

Read the prescription label

What are the stages of sleep, and how are they different?

Stage I - III: NREM Sleep REM Sleep

What are some ways to find out if a complementary or alternative therapy is working for you?

Talk to a physican

What is a Circadian Rhythm and its disruptors and how is light connected?

The body's sleep-and-wake pattern coordinated by the brain's master internal clock, the suprachiasmatic nucleus - Light can delay or reset the sleep phase

Describe the stages of the homeostasis

The dynamic balance between the autonomic branches - Parasympathetic -- rest and digest - Sympathetic -- fight or flight

Stalking

a crime characterized by harassing behaviors such as following or spying on a person and making verbal, written, or implied threats

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

a disorder characterized by persistent, pervasive problems with inattention and/or hyperactivity to a degree that is not considered appropriate for a child's developmental stage and that causes significant difficulties in school, work, or relationship

Osteopathic Medicine

a form of medical practice that provides all the benefits of conventional allopathic medicine, including prescription drugs and surgery, and emphasizes the interrelationship between the structure and function of the human body

Bipolar Disorder

a mental illness characterized by alternating periods of depression and mania

Mania

a mood disorder characterized by excessive elation, irritability, talkativeness, inflated self-esteem, and expansiveness

Depression

a mood disorder characterized by loss of interest, sadness, hopelessness, loss of appetite, disturbed sleep, and other physical symptoms

Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD)

a mood disorder characterized by seasonal depression, usually occurring in winter, when there is less daylight

Specific Phobia

a persistent and excessive fear of a specific object, activity, or situation

Panic Disorder

a syndrome of severe anxiety attacks accompanied by physical symptoms ex. agoraphobia

Up to half of all adult pedestrian fatalities are connected to what other factor?

alcohol intoxication

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

an anxiety disorder characterized by excessive, uncontrollable worry about all kinds of things in many situations

Agoraphobia

an anxiety disorder characterized by fear of being alone away from help and by avoidance of many different places and situations; in extreme cases, a fear of leaving home

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

an anxiety disorder characterized by reliving traumatic events through dreams, flashbacks, and hallucinations

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

an anxiety disorder characterized by uncontrollable, recurring thoughts and the performing of senseless rituals

Social Phobia

an excessive fear of being observed by others; speaking in public is the most common example

Intentional Injuries

an injury that is purposely inflicted by yourself or by another person ex. terrorism or sexual assault

Abuse

cruel and violent treatment of a person or animal

Intimate Partner Violence

physical, sexual, or psychological harm by a current or former partner or spouse

Describe the stages of the allostatic load

the "wear and tear" on body that results from long-term exposure of chronic stress

What the definition of terrorism, according to the FBI, and describe examples.

the unlawful use of force or violence against people or property to intimidate or coerce a government, the civilian population, or any segment there of in furtherance of political or social objectives - ex. chemical, nuclear, cyber

Sexual Harassment

unwlelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, and verbal, visual, or physical conduct of a sexual nature

Sexual Violence

use of force and coercion in sexual interactions

Cyber Stalking

use of the internet, email, chat room, Facebook, and electronic means to stalk another person

What diseases and conditions are sometimes outcomes with untreated sleep issues?

- Mood and Depression - Dementia - Athletic Performance - Musculoskeletal Pain - Obesity and Weight Management - Cardiovascular Disease - Diabetes

How can one adjust one's sleep phase?

- Not being exposed to light - No caffeine

What is the homeostatic sleep drive?

- Pressure to sleep that builds the longer one is awake, mainly driven by a neurochemical, adenosine, that accumulates in the brain as a byproduct of the brain's energy metabolism and promotes sleep onset - Sleep clears the adenosine, thereby reducing the pressure to sleep

In traditional Chinese medicine, what is the traditional life force contained in all living things called, and how do the treatments affect this?

- Qi - Restore the flow of blocked Qi

What are the options for self-help with your psychological health?

- Raising self-esteem - Confront fears - Express feelings in a journal - Religious practice

Factors surrounding psychological health - what are the characteristics of psychologically healthy people?

- Realism - Self-accrptance - Autonomy - Authenticity - Capable of intimacy - Creativity

Generally, what does a healthy person need to learn and know how to be able to do - if they want to effectively manage your medical problems in today's world?

- Self-Assessment - Decide when to seek medical help - Self-Treatment - Develop partnerships with doctors to implement treatment plans

Anxiety Disorders

- Specific Phobia - Social Phobia - Panic Disorder - Generalized Anxiety Disorder - Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder - Post-traumatic Stress Disorder

Stage II of Sleep

- Still a light sleep - Heart Rate Slows and Temp drops - Adults spend most time here - People are not as responsive - More likely to know they were asleep

REM Sleep

- The final sleep phase of sleep cycle, when most dreaming occurs and eyes rapidly move under closed eyelids - Brain activity increases to levels greater than or equal to those during waking hours, and blood pressure, respiration and heart rate rise

Traditional Chinese Medicine

- The traditional medical system of China, which views illness as the result of a problem in the quality, quantity, balance, or flow of qi, the life force - Therapies include acupuncture, herbal medicine, and massage

How does alcohol use affect risk of injury, exactly?

- alcohol affects reason and judgement - affects ability to make fast, accurate, and coordinated movements - less likely to recognize they are impaired

Unintentional Injuries

- an injury that occurs when no harm has intended - young men are prone ex. motor vehicle crashes, falls

What can individuals do to decrease risk of above violence?

- conflict resolution training - social skills development - education programs (tolerance and understanding)

Battering

- intimate-partner violence - 3 phase cycle -- increasing tension -- violent explosion -- forgiveness and promise

Who is more likely to be victims of homicide in the US?

- men, teenagers, young adults, and members of minority groups -- especially African Americans and Latinos

What are the advantages of wearing a seat belt?

- not being thrown out the car - protection from second collisions

What are the most common causes of motor vehicle injuries?

- speeding - aggressive driving - fatigue - inexperience - use of phone - handheld devices - use of alcohol/drugs - incorrect use of seatbelt

Describe the stages of the General Adaptation Syndrome

1. Alarm - fight-or-flight - anxiety, headaches, indigestion 2. Resistance - new level of homeostasis (more resistant to disease and injury) - can cope w/ normal life and added stress 3. Exhaustion - life-threatening physiological exhaustion - unable to maintain normal function - may result in long-term damage

What are the leading causes of mortality in the US for Americans?

1. Heart Disease 2. Cancer 3. Unintentional Injuries (accident)

What is the leading causes of mortality in the US for Americans 15-24 years old?

1. Unintentional injuries - motor vehicles - all other unintentional injuries 2. Suicide 3. Homicide 4. Cancer

What are the main considerations when searching for health information online?

1. What is the source? 2. How current is the content? 3. Is the site promotional? 4. Does the site conform to any set of guidelines or criteria for quality and accuracy?

About what percentage of sexual assaults on women are committed by someone the woman knows?

75%

Schizophrenia

A psychological disorder that involves a disturbance in thinking and in perceiving reality

What are some basic ways that psychological disorders are treated?

ANXIETY DISORDERS - Medication - Psychological interventions --Cognitive-behavioral therapy MOOD DISORDERS -Depression --Treatment depends on the severity --Drug therapy Antidepressants --Target key neurotransmitters in the brain, including serotonin --Psychotherapy --Hospitalization --if suicidal Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) --Light therapy for those with the seasonal affective disorder (SAD)

What are some examples of neurotransmitters and hormones that come into play with acute and chromic stress?

Acute: white blood cells move and enhance immune system Chronic: prolonged secretion of cortisol

Who is the APHA and what do they advocate for in terms of reducing gun violence?

American Public Health Association (APHA) - individuals and organizations working to improve the public's health - advocates for better surveillance and data reporting and "common sense" gun laws

How are most homicides commited, and by who?

Firearms - argument and among people you know

What is the goal of positive psychology and what are the three dimensions psychologist Martin Seligman suggests can lead to happiness?

"to find and nurture genius and talent" and "to make normal life more fulfilling" 3 Dimensions: 1. The Pleasant Life 2. The Engaged Life 3. The Meaningful Life

How would you go about finding a primary care physician?

(camera roll)

What are the biological or physical effects to the body when under stress?

(camera roll)

Western Medicine / Conventional Medicine

- A system in which medical doctors and other healthcare professionals (such as nurses, pharmacists, and therapists) treat symptoms and diseases using drugs, radiation, or surgery - Also called allopathic medicine, biomedicine, conventional medicine, mainstream medicine, and orthodox medicine

For people with insomnia, what are some basic, reasonable tips to try, before medications?

- Address sleep distrupters - Go to a sleep specialist

Stage III of Sleep

- Deepest stage of sleep and feeling of well rested - Length of stage increases after physical exercise or extended periods w/o sleep - Slow-wave sleep (waves of ocean) - Difficult to wake up quickly - Confused several minutes after woken - Active memory, learning, and other cognitive functions

What are some signs you need to see a mental health professional?

- Depression

Mood Disorders

- Depression - Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) - Bipolar Disorder - Mania

What are the leading preventable causes of death (actual cause of death, related to behaviors)?

- Diet/Activity Patterns (obesity) - Tobacco - Microbial Agents - Alcohol Consumption - Drug Use

How do sleep needs and issues change as one gets older?

- Duration and quality of sleep decrease - We wake up more easily - The number, the amplitude, and intensity of deep-sleep brain waves diminish - Enter into deep sleep less

Which bodily systems are most involved in the stress response?

- Endocrine System - Nervous System

Prescription Medicines

- Extensive trials take place - Save millions of lives each year - antibiotics, high blood pressure and cholesterol meds, diabetic meds - 1.5 million prescription drug related errors (Adverse Drug Events) happen every year - 30-50% of prescriptions are not taken correctly.

Over-the-counter (OTC)

- FDA determined as safe WHEN TAKEN according to labeL - An estimated 70% are not effective - Try to select medicines with single ingredients - Generic have same active ingredient and can save you substantial money

Dietary Supplements

- FDA only regulates "Good Manufacturing Practices" - Manufacturers are NOT required to demonstrate safety or effectiveness before selling - Possibility of contaminants - Can counteract with current medications or food

What types of cycles does the body go through each night?

- Goes through the 3 stages - Possibly repeating 2 after completing 3 - Followed by period of REM - Sequence lasts about 90 minutes - 4 to 5 cycles

How have the leading causes of death changed in the last century?

- Health Promotion - Vaccines - Good Choices

How has life expectancy changed in the last century in the US?

- Life expectancy has nearly doubled - Impaired life Chronic disease: a disease that develops and continues over a long period of time - Infectious Disease

Stage I of Sleep

- Lightest stage of sleep - Slower brain waves and varying brain activity - People do not respond to environment quickly - Not aware fallen asleep - Slow roving eye movements

What are some valid reasons to seek Emergency Care?

- Major trauma or injury,(e.g.suspectedbrokenbone, deep wound, severe burn, eye injury or animal bite) - Uncontrollable bleeding - Intolerableanduncontrollablepain - Severeshortnessofbreath - Persistent abdominal pain - Poisoningordrugoverdose - Suddennumbnessorweaknessinalimb, speech difficulty, or drooping of the face - Loss of consciousness - Stupor,drowsiness,or disorientation - Severe or worsening reaction to an insect bite or sting or to a medication or food