HN Exam 3: Ch. 7 Review

Traumatic injury can increase fluid loss through __________.

blood loss

Potassium is the major positively charged electrolyte in __________.

intracellular fluid

Most of our body water is excreted via the __________ as urine.

kidneys

A low blood volume or decrease in blood pressure causes __________

thirst

Most people in the United States consume __________ the daily Adequate Intake (AI) for sodium

2-4 times

--> __________ in blood volume will __________ stimulation of the thirst mechanism.

A decrease; increase

After exercising on a hot day you experience sweating, increased thirst, weakness, muscle cramps, nausea, and dizziness. This is most likely __________.

Heat exhaustion

--> __________ is caused by __________ blood sodium concentration.

Hyponatremia; abnormally low

Which beverage is considered a "drink" in terms of alcohol content?

a 5-ounce glass of wine

If someone experiences symptoms such as craving alcohol and the inability to stop once drinking, he or she may suffer from __________.

alcohol dependence

The metabolic state in which high blood alcohol concentration increases risk of cardiac or respiratory failure is known as __________.

alcohol poisoning

Consumption of __________ increases fluid loss via urine.

diuretics

Hypernatremia is dangerous because it causes __________.

high blood volume, edema, and elevated blood pressure

During pregnancy a mother's fluid loss is __________.

increased

Which of the following is a potential benefit of moderate drinking?

increased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels

What is one of the long-term health risks of drinking alcohol?

increased risk of breast cancer

Chloride is important to human health because it __________.

joins with hydrogen to form hydrochloric acid in the stomach

Once absorbed, alcohol is metabolized in the __________.

liver

The three primary sources of fluid for our bodies are beverages, foods, and __________.

metabolism

Overall risk of death is lowest for women who drink __________ alcoholic drink(s) per day.

one

Sensible water loss is __________.

noticeable by us

Electrolytes help control fluid balance via __________, the movement of water through a semipermeable membrane based on solute concentration.

osmosis

The movement of water across a membrane toward a higher concentration of solutes is called __________.

osmosis

Which of the following foods is likely to have the highest amount of sodium?

ramen noodle soup, chicken flavor (1 package)

All of these are important functions of water in our bodies EXCEPT __________. regulating fluid balance lubricating tissues maintaining body temperature transporting substances

regulating fluid balance

Learning Objective: 7.9 --> This substance found in red wines and grapes has been proposed as helpful in reducing risk of some chronic diseases.

resveratrol

These two minerals are the predominate ions in extracellular fluid.

sodium, chloride

If you suspect a friend is suffering from an alcohol disorder, the National Institute on Alcoholism and Alcohol Abuse suggests that you __________.

stop covering and making excuses

Alcohol is a known __________, a substance that causes fetal harm.

teratogen

This is an example of sensible fluid loss.

urine