HOA 3 - Chinese Architecture
Square shape house
(Neolithic) Dug into the ground on square form with a slant slope leading to the cave from the ground
Round shape
(Neolithic) Most built on ground with small wooden pillars on all sides closely lined as walls with slanted roofs ro help drain the rain and snow
Yang
Large, Masculine, Hot, Bold, Plain, Smooth, Loud, New, Clean, Fast, Active, Straight
China
Largest country in Asia. (Fourth Largest in the World)
Terracotta Warriors
Located in the Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor (8000)
SiHeYuan
the chinese courtyard is also called as
Zhoukoudian Cave
the first evidence of human presence in the region was found in what cave?
Curved Roof with raised eaves
this enables more light to enter the house and better view outside from inside
Ridges
were decorated with engraved beasts (no. of beasts could not exceed nine)
Feng Shui
Belief that forces exist in every locality; based from mandala
Sun dried bricks
Bldg. material used in construction of walls in absence of wood
Han Dynasty
Buddhim came to China; Period of prosperity
Cliffside Cave Dwelling
Carved out of the side of the hill; facing south; For defense against other tribes
Yaodong
Cave dwelling with no hill and with sunken courtyard
Family stove
Central area in simple dwellings
True
China's name changed with each dynasy. True or False.
East
Chinese garden orientation
Feng Shui
Chinese philosophical system of harmonizing everyone with the surrounding environment
Emperor
Chinese rulers; based their government on the Confucian model.
Confucianism
Code of social conduct and philosophy of life.
Servants
Occupy the rear yard
Ming Dynasty
One of the greatest eras of orderly government and social stability in human histore.
South
Orientation at the front
Peking Man
Other term for Homo Erectus
Bagua chart
Other term for Lo Shu Magic Square
Main Gate/ Workers' Quarters, Kitchen, and, Back of the House
Part of the house for chores
Lo Shu Magic Square
Pattern people use to control the river and protect themseleves from flood; Symbolizes the natural order of the universe, promoting logic, strategy and open mindedness.
Timber
Principal building material
Axial Planning
Provides an organized method for giving chinese houses as a sense of order and balance
Gengis Khan
Recorded as the founder of the Yuan Dynasty
South China
Region drained by the Yangtze River; Hillier; Warm and humid climate
Black/Dark Gray
Roof tiles used for residential buildings
Dynasty
Rule the country under one family
Yin
Small, Feminine, Cold, Subtle, Textured, Rough, Quiet, Old, Dirty, Slow, Calm, Curvy
Courtyard
Style used in combining bays into a house
Qin Dynasty
Dynasty that started the building of Great Wall
Ming Dynasty
Dynasty where the Great Wall was completed and the establishment of the Forbidden City in Beijing
Song Dynasty
Dynasty with great advances in science and technology; used gunpowder as a weapon in warfare
Dougong
Elaborately jointed corbelled brackets that connect the posts to the truss
Zhou Dynasty
Emerged in the Huang He Valley; Mandate of Heaven
Tai chi
Encompasses the whole concept of Feng Shui
Kublai Kahn
Established the Yuan Dynasty
Qin Dynasty
First Chinese Empire; Standardized the language and writing
Cin
First recorded use of the word 'China'; derived from a Persian name; popularized by Marco Polo
Persea nanmu
Tallest and Straightest of all trees in China
Tailang
Term for Pillar and Beam
Chuandou
Term for Pillar and Transverse Tie beam
Cina
Term for porcelain or ceramic ware originally made in China
Limestone and Sandstone
These materials are fit for use in thresholds, stairs, balusters, engineering works
Chinese Architecture
This architecture is based on Concept of Symmetry, enclosure or modular system, hierarchy, horizontal emphasis, material and construction, cosmology.
SiHeYuan House
Traditional Chinese Modular House; capable to be duplicated and expanded when desired.
Yurt
Traditional dwelling house of the Mongolians
Main Gate, House Proper and Kitchen (back of the house)
What are the 3 sections of a single module (SiHeYuan House)
Tailiang (pillar and beam)
Wooden framing system for houses
Chuandou (pillar and transverse tie beam)
Wooden framing system for temples
East and West
Young generation shoould be oriented in what orientation
Shi Huangdi
1st Chinese Emperor at 13 (Qin)
Mongols
1st of only two times China was ruled by foreigners
3 jian
2 rows of 4 columns creates how many jian?
Tang Dynasty
2nd largest and longest-enduring empire; Golden Age of Ancient China
Qing Dynasty
2nd time China was conquered (by Manchu); last imperial dynasty
North China
Alluvial plain along the Yellow River; Mostly flat and the soil is well-suited for agriculture; Cold climate
Mount Everest
Also known as Mount Zhumulangma; Highest point along the Tibetan Plateau
Horse's head wall
Another term for Decorative fire walls
Pit Dwelling
Another term for Yaodong
Pinyin Jiu
Associated with the Chinese dragon, a symbol of magic, longevity, and power; used for the emperor
Jian
Basic unit of Chinese Architecture; Rectangular space defined by four columns used in the wooder frame work
Bay
Basic unit of the floor house space
Han Dynasty
During this dynasty it led to establishment of extensive trading - made the china the largest economy of the ancient world
Tang Dynasty
During this dynasty, Confucianism was the national religion and banned all other religions
Outer China
Huge area to the north and west of China Proper.
Pounded earth
Foundation used for the modular houses
Taoism
Founded by Lao Tzu; Doctrine of universal love as solution to social disorder
Timber
Framing used for the modular houses
Mount Everest
Highest mountain in the world
Inward Planning Concept
Houses are planned around a courtyard for linkage and it represents the unity of man and nature.
North-South
Major Axis
East-West
Minor Axis
3-5 Jian size (fact: there is always an odd number of jian to create a symmetrical building with a central area)
Most dwellings are how many in jian size?
Mandate of Heaven
Notion that the ruler (son of heaven) governed by divine
Tibetan Plateau
Occupies 1/4 the land area of China
Elders
Occupy the major axis of the home
Younger generation
Occupy the minor axis of the home
Mandala
a circular figure representing the universe in Hindu and Buddhist symbolism
Northeast China
also known as Manchuria
Li Jie
author of Yingzao Fash
Taoism
believed that everything in nature has two balancing forces
Xinhai Revolution
brought an end to the Qing Dynasty and established the Republic of China
Thatch and Bamboo
common roofing materials for the poor
North-South Orientation
have the best ventilation and sunshine
Water Well
in the old time with the new digging of new wells, came the new communitties.
Inner Mongolian Plateau
is a combination of prairie mountain, and desert, much of it suitable for raising sheep and yaks
Yingzao Fash
is a technical treatise on architecure and craftsmanship written by the chinese author Li Jie; unified set if architectural standards.
Hutong and Courtyard
means Small street or a narrow lane between 2 courtyards; exist only in Beijing China
Foot Binding
practiced by well-born girls; represents freedom from manual lavor and to only serve their men and direct household servants.
House body
provides the living space
Flankin rooms
serve as living and sleeping areas
Terrace
solid or hollow formmed by timber frame
Sloping Roof
standing pillars formed a relatively fixed structure
Wu Chao
the Only female empress (Tang Dynasty)