HOA 3 - Chinese Architecture

Square shape house

(Neolithic) Dug into the ground on square form with a slant slope leading to the cave from the ground

Round shape

(Neolithic) Most built on ground with small wooden pillars on all sides closely lined as walls with slanted roofs ro help drain the rain and snow

Yang

Large, Masculine, Hot, Bold, Plain, Smooth, Loud, New, Clean, Fast, Active, Straight

China

Largest country in Asia. (Fourth Largest in the World)

Terracotta Warriors

Located in the Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor (8000)

SiHeYuan

the chinese courtyard is also called as

Zhoukoudian Cave

the first evidence of human presence in the region was found in what cave?

Curved Roof with raised eaves

this enables more light to enter the house and better view outside from inside

Ridges

were decorated with engraved beasts (no. of beasts could not exceed nine)

Feng Shui

Belief that forces exist in every locality; based from mandala

Sun dried bricks

Bldg. material used in construction of walls in absence of wood

Han Dynasty

Buddhim came to China; Period of prosperity

Cliffside Cave Dwelling

Carved out of the side of the hill; facing south; For defense against other tribes

Yaodong

Cave dwelling with no hill and with sunken courtyard

Family stove

Central area in simple dwellings

True

China's name changed with each dynasy. True or False.

East

Chinese garden orientation

Feng Shui

Chinese philosophical system of harmonizing everyone with the surrounding environment

Emperor

Chinese rulers; based their government on the Confucian model.

Confucianism

Code of social conduct and philosophy of life.

Servants

Occupy the rear yard

Ming Dynasty

One of the greatest eras of orderly government and social stability in human histore.

South

Orientation at the front

Peking Man

Other term for Homo Erectus

Bagua chart

Other term for Lo Shu Magic Square

Main Gate/ Workers' Quarters, Kitchen, and, Back of the House

Part of the house for chores

Lo Shu Magic Square

Pattern people use to control the river and protect themseleves from flood; Symbolizes the natural order of the universe, promoting logic, strategy and open mindedness.

Timber

Principal building material

Axial Planning

Provides an organized method for giving chinese houses as a sense of order and balance

Gengis Khan

Recorded as the founder of the Yuan Dynasty

South China

Region drained by the Yangtze River; Hillier; Warm and humid climate

Black/Dark Gray

Roof tiles used for residential buildings

Dynasty

Rule the country under one family

Yin

Small, Feminine, Cold, Subtle, Textured, Rough, Quiet, Old, Dirty, Slow, Calm, Curvy

Courtyard

Style used in combining bays into a house

Qin Dynasty

Dynasty that started the building of Great Wall

Ming Dynasty

Dynasty where the Great Wall was completed and the establishment of the Forbidden City in Beijing

Song Dynasty

Dynasty with great advances in science and technology; used gunpowder as a weapon in warfare

Dougong

Elaborately jointed corbelled brackets that connect the posts to the truss

Zhou Dynasty

Emerged in the Huang He Valley; Mandate of Heaven

Tai chi

Encompasses the whole concept of Feng Shui

Kublai Kahn

Established the Yuan Dynasty

Qin Dynasty

First Chinese Empire; Standardized the language and writing

Cin

First recorded use of the word 'China'; derived from a Persian name; popularized by Marco Polo

Persea nanmu

Tallest and Straightest of all trees in China

Tailang

Term for Pillar and Beam

Chuandou

Term for Pillar and Transverse Tie beam

Cina

Term for porcelain or ceramic ware originally made in China

Limestone and Sandstone

These materials are fit for use in thresholds, stairs, balusters, engineering works

Chinese Architecture

This architecture is based on Concept of Symmetry, enclosure or modular system, hierarchy, horizontal emphasis, material and construction, cosmology.

SiHeYuan House

Traditional Chinese Modular House; capable to be duplicated and expanded when desired.

Yurt

Traditional dwelling house of the Mongolians

Main Gate, House Proper and Kitchen (back of the house)

What are the 3 sections of a single module (SiHeYuan House)

Tailiang (pillar and beam)

Wooden framing system for houses

Chuandou (pillar and transverse tie beam)

Wooden framing system for temples

East and West

Young generation shoould be oriented in what orientation

Shi Huangdi

1st Chinese Emperor at 13 (Qin)

Mongols

1st of only two times China was ruled by foreigners

3 jian

2 rows of 4 columns creates how many jian?

Tang Dynasty

2nd largest and longest-enduring empire; Golden Age of Ancient China

Qing Dynasty

2nd time China was conquered (by Manchu); last imperial dynasty

North China

Alluvial plain along the Yellow River; Mostly flat and the soil is well-suited for agriculture; Cold climate

Mount Everest

Also known as Mount Zhumulangma; Highest point along the Tibetan Plateau

Horse's head wall

Another term for Decorative fire walls

Pit Dwelling

Another term for Yaodong

Pinyin Jiu

Associated with the Chinese dragon, a symbol of magic, longevity, and power; used for the emperor

Jian

Basic unit of Chinese Architecture; Rectangular space defined by four columns used in the wooder frame work

Bay

Basic unit of the floor house space

Han Dynasty

During this dynasty it led to establishment of extensive trading - made the china the largest economy of the ancient world

Tang Dynasty

During this dynasty, Confucianism was the national religion and banned all other religions

Outer China

Huge area to the north and west of China Proper.

Pounded earth

Foundation used for the modular houses

Taoism

Founded by Lao Tzu; Doctrine of universal love as solution to social disorder

Timber

Framing used for the modular houses

Mount Everest

Highest mountain in the world

Inward Planning Concept

Houses are planned around a courtyard for linkage and it represents the unity of man and nature.

North-South

Major Axis

East-West

Minor Axis

3-5 Jian size (fact: there is always an odd number of jian to create a symmetrical building with a central area)

Most dwellings are how many in jian size?

Mandate of Heaven

Notion that the ruler (son of heaven) governed by divine

Tibetan Plateau

Occupies 1/4 the land area of China

Elders

Occupy the major axis of the home

Younger generation

Occupy the minor axis of the home

Mandala

a circular figure representing the universe in Hindu and Buddhist symbolism

Northeast China

also known as Manchuria

Li Jie

author of Yingzao Fash

Taoism

believed that everything in nature has two balancing forces

Xinhai Revolution

brought an end to the Qing Dynasty and established the Republic of China

Thatch and Bamboo

common roofing materials for the poor

North-South Orientation

have the best ventilation and sunshine

Water Well

in the old time with the new digging of new wells, came the new communitties.

Inner Mongolian Plateau

is a combination of prairie mountain, and desert, much of it suitable for raising sheep and yaks

Yingzao Fash

is a technical treatise on architecure and craftsmanship written by the chinese author Li Jie; unified set if architectural standards.

Hutong and Courtyard

means Small street or a narrow lane between 2 courtyards; exist only in Beijing China

Foot Binding

practiced by well-born girls; represents freedom from manual lavor and to only serve their men and direct household servants.

House body

provides the living space

Flankin rooms

serve as living and sleeping areas

Terrace

solid or hollow formmed by timber frame

Sloping Roof

standing pillars formed a relatively fixed structure

Wu Chao

the Only female empress (Tang Dynasty)