Hoisting 2a/1c
What is the fine for operating hoisting equipment without a license on either public or private property?
$1000. to $3000. And/or up to 3 months in jail.
What is the minimum age requirement for possession of a license to operate hoisting/excavating equipment?
18 years of age
What is the average hydraulic pressure of a lull?
1800 psi.
On a 3 lever machine, what do each of the levers control?
1st (or left) lever controls the bucket. 2nd (middle) lever controls the arm or dipper and the 3rd (right) lever controls the reach. Left and right swing is controlled by foot pedals.
How far back from the edges of a trench should the dirt be pilled?
2 ft.
How many pounds in a regular ton?
2000 lbs.
What is the maximum speed for a slow moving piece of equipment?
25MPH.
How many cubic feet in a cubic yard?
27
How close to utility lines can you dig to by machine?
2ft.
How many clips are required on a cable when making a lifting eye?
3
What is the safest way to enter or exit a backhoe?
3 point contact, never exit forward.
What is the minimum recommended sling angle for safe operation?
30 degrees
What is the minimum number of binders required?
4
At what depth is it required to have quick exits?
4 ft. and deeper.
What is the proper position of the tie down binders?
4 pulling in opposite directions.
What is the safest angle of slope of trench walls?
43 degrees
What is the maximum depth of a trench that does not need shoring?
5 ft.
When digging a trench, how deep can you go before shoring is required?
5 ft.
What classification covers hoisting systems?
520 CMR 6.00
What size fire extinguisher is required on hoisting equipment?
5lb B C.
When towing, not trailering, a backhoe or loader. What speed should you not exceed?
5mph
What is shielding?
A box placed in the hole to protect the worker in case the walls collapse.
What type of protection should be given to operators of material handling and moving equipment?
A cab to protect from weather, heat in the winter, shatterproof glass.
Where the operator of an excavating machine is exposed to overhead hazards, what is required?
A cab with shatter proof glass.
What is an excavation?
A cavity, opening or cut, formed in the earth by digging, scooping, or removing soil.
What does a class 1/C license cover?
A hydraulic boom with no cable.
Who is allowed to operate hoisting and excavating equipment?
A licensed operator.
What type of system is used when working on de-energized circuits?
A lock out - tag out system.
What is a trench?
A narrow excavation 5ft or more below ground surface.
What is the definition of a competent person?
A person who can identify existing and predictable hazards and has authority for prompt correction.
What is a requirement on a nylon sling, chain, or wire rope?
A rating tag.
Describe a slow-moving vehicle triangle?
A red triangle with an orange center.
What is required from dig safe before you can dig?
A valid dig safe and number
All welding and cutting on hoisting equipment shall be done in accordance with the requirements of what?
A.S.M.E. Chapter 9.
What is the roll over protection law?
All hoisting equipment must have roll over protection. If damaged it must be replaced.
Which of the three, nylon sling, chains, or wire ropes, can't you use for lifting?
All of them can be used.
What is considered a Factor of Safety?
All parts of crane and supports are designed twice the intended use.
What does ANSI stand for?
American National Standards Institute.
What does the acronym A.S.M.E. stand for?
American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
Who can confiscate an excavator's license and cease operations?
An inspector from the DPS
What are some indicators that a trench wall could break loose and come crashing down?
Small amounts of soil falling in, water seepage, surface cracks.
A diesel engine is running away, and its engine is exceeding its RPM, How can you stop the engine quickly?
Smother the air intake. A fire extinguisher will do the job.
What does SAE stand for?
Society of Automotive Engineers
What are some of the things that you should look for when starting work?
Soft soils, wet areas, power lines, wells, etc.
While digging a trench, when you want to move the machine forward, is it easier to raise the stabilizers or not?
Sometimes. Usually stabilizers and the front bucket are lifted slightly and the machine is moved forward or backwards by use of the digger arm and the bucket.
What can happen if a willfully false statement is found in the application?
Sufficient cause for revocation of license at any time.
What is a master electrical disconnect switch?
Switch that disconnects all electrical functions
What is a clutch disconnect?
Switch to be able to apply brakes without applying clutch.
What is the location of the track gear when an excavator is operating?
The "track" or "drive" gear should always be located near the rear of the machine and away from the excavation to prevent stones and debris from lodging in the track.
What must be done before starting demolition of a building?
The Department of Public Safety is notified. Ensure that the building is empty and that all utilities are disconnected.
List three possible sources of "superimposed loads" in the vicinity of a trench or excavation?
Tools, Equipment, Trucks, Spoil, Machinery.
When do you have to couple the brakes?
When driving on public roads or for any long distance.
When should you lubricate (grease) the machine?
When it is noisy, daily as needed or on predetermined schedule.
When should the angle of repose be flattened?
When the pile is to steep or the soil is wet.
When should you not operate a hoisting machine?
When your attention is diverted elsewhere or when you are not physically or mentally fit.
Identify the Utility location Mark Out Color for a Proposed Excavation?
White
What does the weather have to do with your operation?
Wind can sway the boom; rain can soften the ground.
What are some parts of the rigging?
Wire ropes, Sheaves, Chains, Drums, Spreader Bars, Slings, Straps.
Do all machines require a backup alarm?
Y es.
Do you have to mark the area to be excavated prior to notifying Dig Safe?
Y es.
Is it mandatory to wear seat belts?
Y es.
Should you inspect the backhoe after trailering?
Y es.
Can the machine be moved backward with the backhoe without raising the stabilizers if the area is clear?
Yes
Does placing spoil in the front bucket while digging help to stabilize the machine?
Yes
On older machines with manual rpm adjustment, if the rpm's are low, will the machine work slowly also?
Yes
When backfilling a trench, is it important to backfill in lifts?
Yes
While digging a trench at a depth of 3' and the sides begin to cave in, do you need to install shoring?
Yes. Any excavation less than 5' in depth which has un-stable soil must have bracing or some sort of protection installed to protect the worker.
How do you shorten a chain for hoisting?
You don't. Get a shorter chain.
Upon arriving at a job site how can you prove that dig safe was called?
You would have a Dig Safe number
When the load is suspended, where should the operator be?
at the controls
What is another method of sloping walls of a trench?
benching or multiple benching
Name some things that you should check when trailering a machine?
height, width, weight of the machine and the capacity of the trailer.
Why is the load kept as low to the ground as possible when traveling?
For better visibility and stability.
When can you get between the two sections of an articulating machine?
For maintenance only. It must be off and tagged off.
Why would a DPS engineering inspector revoke the license to operate excavating or hoisting equipment?
For the preservation of the public health or safety.
What is the best way to load a truck?
From the side, not the back, and starting from the front to the rear.
What is the acronym M.G.L. stand for?
General Laws of Massachusetts.
Where is the Dig Safe law located?
General laws of Mass. Chapter 82, section 40
127) What is the angle of repose?
Greatest angle above horizontal at which material will stay without falling off.
Identify the Utility location Mark Out Color for Sewer?
Green.
What actually ignites the fuel in a diesel engine, compression or combustion?
Heat caused by high compression in the cylinder.
What do outriggers or stabilizers do for a machine?
Help stabilize the equipment and make it harder for a tip over.
Are hydraulic systems high pressure or low-pressure systems?
High pressure.
Identify the Utility location Mark Out Color for Temporary Survey Markings?
Hot Pink.
When using a helper to load, what precautions should you take?
Make sure the helper is out of the line of travel and that you both agree on hand signals.
What does MUTCD stand for?
Manual for Unified Traffic Control Devises.
Which type of soil classification is the most stable?
Stable rock
What are the four types of soil classification?
Stable rock, Type A, Type B, or Type C.
If the boom on your machine came in contact with a high-tension electrical line, what would you do?
Stay in machine, call for help. If you have to jump out, jump with all limbs together and shuffle away. Call DPS within 1 hour.
What should you do if the hole that you are digging starts to get deeper than 5' deep?
Stop and get some form of shoring or shielding before allowing anyone to work in the hole.
Which organization developed hand signals for excavating and are recommended guidelines by 520 CMR 6.00?
SAE
Who created the hand signals for all excavation equipment?
SAE (Society of Automotive Engineers).
Why should you keep the machine clean?
Safety reasons. Prevent accidents, slips, trips, falls, Items getting stuck under peddles, visibility.
What do you do if you discover a defect while checking your machine?
Shut it down and make the repair. Do not use until repaired.
What should you do if someone enters your area of safety?
Stop the equipment and get them out.
Name three things required when refueling hoisting or excavating equipment?
Shut off engine, put in neutral gear, emergency brake on, no smoking or open flames.
What are outriggers?
Side extensions that add stability to the machine.
What information is stamped on the chain sling identification tag?
Size, grade, rated capacity, reach.
How should you approach the truck?
Slow and square
What is the approximate weight of a loader bucket full of earth?
1500 to 2000 pounds.
What is the approximate weight of a loader bucket full of Gravel or stone?
1300 to 2000 pounds.
In the event that a gas line, electric line, or other utility line has been struck by the excavating equipment, the operator shall notify the DPS within what time frame?
1 Hour.
What are the four license classifications?
1 is hoisting, 2 is excavating, 3 is electric and air, and 4 is specialty.
How close can you come to 750 volt electric lines?
10 Feet
How far should you stay away from power lines?
10 ft. up to 125 KV, 15ft. If 125KV to 250KV, and 25ft. if over 250KV.
What are dipper stick extensions used for?
Attached to backhoe to give additional digging depth.
List some reasons to replace hoses?
Cracked, bulging frayed.
What regulatory authority governs hoisting and excavating machinery?
Department of Public Safety 520 CMR 6.00
When should you do a walk around check of the equipment?
Before operating on a daily basis.
What does articulate mean on a loader?
Bends in the middle
At what what percentage of available rpm's would you run the throttle when you are operating the backhoe bucket?
Between 50% and 95% of full throttle.
Identify the Utility location Mark Out Color for Potable Water?
Blue.
76) What items should be checked on a daily inspection?
Brakes and backup alarms, lights, hoses, tires, tracks, fluids, horn. (Circle check)
What type of slings must never be used according to 520 CMR 6.00
Chain slings.
What M.G.L. oversees hoisting and excavating?
Chapter 146.
Before loading a backhoe onto a transporting vehicle, what precautions should you take?
Check load rating, overhead and side clearance, capacity of ramps. Load on level ground and keep bucket low.
What points on your machine would you inspect every day?
Circle check, fluids, lights, tires, etc.
How often should excavation machine be inspected?
Daily circle check
An operator of an excavator working a short distance from where you are operating is rendered unconscious when the bucket of his excavator hits an electrical power line. After safely securing your machine, what is the first procedure for you to follow?
Determine if the electrical hazard still exists aboard the excavator.
What is number 2 fuel oil?
Diesel.
What is the name of the agency to call for utility locations?
Dig Safe
Before digging anywhere, whom do you call? And how much notice is required?
Dig Safe. A 72-hour notice is required.
How do you get a buried man out of the hole?
Dig by hand only. No shovels or backhoes.
What do fuel injectors do?
Distributes a metered amount of fuel to each cylinder.
List the operating procedures.
Do not engage in anything that will divert your attention. If unfit physically or mentally well, Do not operate. Before starting, do a complete walk around to clear people and equipment. Barricade or protect area of swinging superstructures radius to keep people and equipment out. Test all controls. Have a trained signal person. Operator has authority to stop and refuse to handle loads until safety has been assured. If warning signal is furnished it shall be used each time before traveling. Operator is responsible for securing unattended hoisting equipment. If power failure operator will lower loads and secure equipment. At no time will someone work under a suspended load or boom.
What should hooks and shackles be made of?
Drop forged steel.
What do you do in the event of a gas line is rupture?
Evacuate building; call fire police and gas co. Notify the DPS within one hour.
When a gas line is hit while excavating and an evacuation is deemed necessary, what should be evacuated?
Evacuate the area 360 degrees around the damaged utility line.
How can you gain additional traction when travelling up a hill?
Fill the front bucket with dirt
What weights do you add to determine the weight of a lift?
Everything below the lifting pin.
When operating a machine, how should you leave it?
Everything lowered to the ground, engine off, transmission in neutral gear, brake on, master electric switch off, locked and keys taken away.
Whenever possible it is best to work on a slope how?
Facing up hill or down, never sideways.
What can lead to a license suspension or revocation?
False or misleading information, under the influence of alcohol and drugs, failure to pay taxes, prior violation of licensing law, failure to report an accident, failure to report a death, operating in an unsafe manor, and failure to comply with 520 CMR 6.00.
A competent person, an OSHA inspector and/or a professional engineer are required to inspect a jobsite on a daily basis, true or false?
False. Only the competent person is needed for a daily site inspection.
143) What identifying marks are stamped on the chain?
Identifying that it is alloy steel. The letter A or number 8.
Is the loader bucket normally run in the idle or advanced rpm mode?
Idle mode only
50) In addition to daily inspections of hoisting machinery, what other inspections are required?
If it lifts over 10ft high, over 500lbs, or a 1\4 yd.
When do you need a gas test?
If you hit a gas line or you think you smell gas.
When would you use number one fuel oil and why?
In the winter to thin the fuel and keep it from jelling and to fire hotter.
What can cause fishtailing when towing a trailer?
Incorrect weight distribution, low tire pressure, excessive speeds, poor road conditions.
Name some requirements for securing an excavation?
Make it safe for the public by covering holes at night or secure with a fence or barricades.
Name some things that you should discuss with fellow workers before starting your work?
Job briefing, hand signals, and safety vests.
How do you lower the stabilizers?
Just enough to raise the tired off of the ground
What is the safest way to travel up or down a hill with a loaded rubber tire backhoe?
Keep the load uphill when driving up or backing down a hill.
What is number 1 fuel oil?
Kerosene.
What are " quick exit " requirements for a trench or excavation?
Ladder, stairs, or a ramp within 25ft of a worker. Ladders should be sticking out 3ft. above the edge of trench.
What causes starving of hydraulic systems?
Low fluid, dirty filters, kinked hoses, etc.
How should you carry the load to the truck?
Low to the ground, no higher than 18"
What should be done when a lift truck is parked?
Lower forks, shut of engine, set emergency brakes, take out keys and chalk tires.
At what position should the moving parts of the machine be in when not being used?
Lowered to the ground
When a lift truck is not in use, what should be done with the forks?
Lowered to the ground.
Where are the laws for violation and punishment of hoisting regulations located?
Mass. General Laws Chapter 146 Sections 53 trough 55.
What is meant by the term "coupling the brakes"?
Mechanically joining the two brake peddles to work as one.
Which organization developed hand signals for hoisting and are recommended guidelines by 520 CMR 6.00?
NIOSH
Who created the hand signals for all hoisting equipment?
NIOSH (National Institute of Occupational Safety & Health.
What does NIOSH stand for?
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health.
What does NIOSH stand for?
National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health
When can you carry a load over someone?
Never
When is it permissible to work under a suspended load?
Never.
Can you dig if there are no dig safe marks?
No
Would you ever keep the bucket in the air during a circle check?
No
The mechanical method of demolition by means of a swinging weight, clam shell bucket, power shovel, backhoe, front end loader, or Tee bar, shall be done in accordance of what provision?
No more than 150 ft. in height, excluding chimneys, silos, and towers. 1/3 of height must be protected below.
Is it all right to undercut the sides of an excavation?
No.
May hydraulic hoses be tightened under pressure?
No.
When backfilling a trench, Is it advisable to use the side of the bucket in a sweeping motion?
No. It can cause mechanical failure.
Is it permissible to straddle a trench with a backhoe? Why?
No. It could cause a cave in.
Do man lifts require a hoisting license?
No. It is not hoisting equipment.
Who is allowed in the swing radius of the machine?
Nobody
What is the fine and penalty for permitting an unlicensed person operate hoisting or excavating equipment?
Not less than $1000 and not more than $3000. or by imprisonment of not more than 3 months, or both.
What is the fine and penalty for preventing an inspector from entering on any premises to perform his duty?
Not less than $250 and not more than $3000. or by imprisonment of not more than 3 months, or both.
What is the fine and penalty for violating any part of M.G.L. chapter 146 or 520 CMR 6.00?
Not less than $500 and not more than $3000, or by imprisonment of not more than 3 months, or both.
When hoisting members to be attached to a structure or laid in a trench, when can it be released?
Not until the member has been secured.
What procedure must be followed in the case of injury which requires hospitalization or immediate treatment by a medical doctor or nurse?
Notify the DPS as soon as injured is treated, and keep a record on file on the job site.
What is the procedure that must be followed in case of a death, according to state law?
Notify the DPS within 1 hour. Do not disturb the area, only to remove the body.
What position should the front bucket be in while digging?
On the ground and the front wheels off the ground.
Who is allowed to operating an excavating machine?
Only a licensed operator
Who is allowed to weld on hoisting excavating equipment?
Only a welder certified in accordance with the requirements of section IX of the A.S.M.E. Code.
Can guards or safety appliances be removed from hoisting equipment?
Only for service. Machine must be shut down and tagged out.
When can a man be lifted in a bucket or a basket?
Only if it is OSHA approved
Can internal combustion engines be operated in a confined space?
Only if the space is properly ventilated.
When can machinery be operated without a license?
Only on a farm.
Who is allowed within the working radius of the backhoe?
Only the pitman "operator" and crew
When are you allowed to work under the forks or boom?
Only when they are cribbed and blocked
Identify the Utility location Mark Out Color for Communication - CATV?
Orange.
How should you position the bucket when loading from a stockpile?
Parallel to the pile and low to the ground.
What do you have to be careful of when driving in a construction site?
People, equipment, soft soils, holes, etc.
When jump starting equipment, which connection should you make first?
Positive to positive
The penalty for operating without a license is what?
Possible imprisonment. Up to 90 days. $500 to $3000 fine.e
What is considered "superimposed weight" around a trench or work site?
Pressure on the sides of the trench from above. Spoil pile, equipment, and vehicles.
What are the three protective system options when trenching?
Proper sloping, shoring or shielding.
How do you test the brakes on a lull (rough terrain) forklift?
Pump the pedals, Drive slowly and step on the brakes.
Identify the Utility location Mark Out Color for Reclaimed Water?
Purple.
When driving a loader down hill, what should you not do?
Raise the bucket.
Identify the Utility location Mark Out Color for Electric?
Red
How do you determine the maximum allowable lift capacity for equipment?
Refer to the equipment operating manual or load chart.
List three functions of the hydraulic tank?
Reservoir, expansion and cooling.
Name 5 basic components of a hydraulic system?
Reservoir, pump, pressure relief valve, hoses, piston, manifold.
Define load or work radius?
The area around a machine that should be barricaded because of the load or swing.
Whose responsibility is it to inspect an excavation and work site for possible hazards?
The competent person.
What will happen to the backhoe movement when the control levers start leaking?
The controls will act differently.
What should you know about the load you are picking up and your machine?
The weight of the load and the capacity of the machine.
What is the term used to describe the lower rollers on the track system of an excavator?
The lower rollers are called the "idler rollers"
Who is responsible for securement of any un-used hoisting equipment?
The operator.
Who is responsible for the safe operation of the machine?
The operator.
What restricts the lifting capacity of a lull or crane?
The pressure relief valve.
What is shoring?
The reinforcing of the sidewalls of a trench to prevent cave-ins.
What is the purpose of 520 CMR 6.00?
The safety of the public and the operator.
What is the function of the swing gear on an excavator?
The swing gear drives the rotation of the machine
What is the term used to describe the upper rollers on the track system of an excavator?
The upper rollers are called the "transfer rollers.
How is the fuel in a diesel engine ignited?
Through compression.
What is the purpose of a thimble?
To keep the eye from crushing.
What is the purpose of Dig Safe?
To notify utilities of underground facilities.
A new/inexperienced operator should dig slowly and operate the machine with the brake set.
True
Falling sand or gravel from the banking of an excavation is a tell tale sign that the trench could cave in.
True
If a hydraulic system or cylinder fails internally it could affect the controls.
True
It is the operator's responsibility to notify a person in the trench that there is a danger of wall collapse.
True
What is the proper procedure when excavating near marked utility lines?
Turn the machine off and dig by hand.
What is the 3 point enter or exit method?
Two feet and a hand or two hands and a foot always on some part of the equipment.
Which type of soil classification is the least stable?
Type C
If you cannot see where the work is being done, do not move the equipment until when?
Until you have a ground man who has a clear view and can signal you.
What should you do when working in a public way?
Use MUTCD. Make area safe for public, traffic cones, signs, etc.
How often should rigging be inspected?
Visual inspection at beginning of each job and a thorough inspection monthly.
Is it safe to rely on the equipment's back up alarm to warn others that you are backing up?
no
S.A.E. hand signals shall be used when excavating. Define the acronym: S.A.E
society Automotive Engineers.
Identify the Utility location Mark Out Color for Gas - Oil - Steam?
yellow