Holocaust Unit I Test

All of the following characterize Hitler's Narcissistic Personality Disorder

-Arrogant sense of self-worth -Exploitative indifference to the welfare of others -Grandiose expectation of special recognition -Disregard for the rights of others

What are characteristics of a Totalitarian government?

-Government establishes complete control of all aspects of the state -Highly Nationalistic -Strict controls and laws -Military State -Censorship -Propaganda -One Leader (dictator) = Charismatic -Total conformity of people to ideas and leaders -Intimidation and terror used to keep control of those who do not conform

All of the following were some of the "strange" beliefs that Jews held in the time of the Ancient Empires of the Middle East, except:

-liberate slaves after seven years -free all maltreated slaves -equality before law -prohibition of murder and theft -absolute sanctity of human lfie

What types of behaviors did Hitler learn to use as a child in order to control his overly attentive mother?

.

Approximately ___________% of the Jews killed between 1939 and 1945 lived outside Germany's pre-WWII borders. a. 35% b. 85% c. 50% d. 95%

95%

All of the following were dangerous and unfortunate lessons learned from the experience of World War I, except: a. Sheer force was the strongest thing in the world b. Only in warfare could a man prove himself a real man c. Human life was cheap and expendable d. Only in warfare could a man prove himself a real man & Human life was cheap and expendable only are bad lessons learned from World War I e. All are bad lessons learned from World War I f. The sense of camaraderie between soldiers was the most perfect form of human communion possible

All are bad lessons learned from World War I

All of the following are features of Hitler's ideology, except: a. Passionate anti-Communist b. Rabid, though contradictory antisemitic beliefs c. All are features of Hitler's ideology d. The religious fervor of conviction that attacking Jews was necessary to save Aryan Germans e. Misogyny f. Rabid, though contradictory antisemitic beliefs & Sense of urgency & apocalyptic Doom: Time was running out for Germany - Only g. Sense of urgency & apocalyptic Doom: Time was running out for Germany

All are features of Hitler's ideology

All of the following were stereotypes that led to prejudice against the Roma and the Sinti, except: a. Their mobile lifestyle caused them to be seen as suspicious outsiders b. Stereotyped that, like the Jews, they had been condemned by God to wander the earth c. All are issues that contributed to prejudice against the Roma and Sinti d. Stereotyped as being criminals and degenerates

All are issues that contributed to prejudice against the Roma and Sinti

Which best describes the long lasting results of the pogroms that swept through Europe in the Middle Ages? a. All are long lasting results of the pogroms. b. Jews developed defenses for survival such as paying protection money to powerful people in a community, sticking together, and keeping a low profile. c. Christians developed a habit of using Jews as scapegoats for problems that were beyond their control, such as plagues and other catastrophes. d. Jews developed a sense of vulnerability that encouraged them to remain culturally isolated from their Christian neighbors.

All are long lasting results of the pogroms.

Why were Russia and Communism considered real threats after World War I? a. There was a strong and growing Communist party in Germany after WWI b. All are reasons Russia & Communism were considered real threats to Germany after WWI. c. Communism called for world revolution d. Many prominent Communists were also Jews

All are reasons Russia & Communism were considered real threats to Germany after WWI.

Why didn't all the Jews in Germany just leave? a. Many did not want to leave their friends and family b. Some of the people who anti-Semites considered Jewish did not see themselves as Jewish, so did not think the Nazi anti-Jewish policies would apply to them c. Jews had lived in Germany for 1600 years, and many felt close ties to German culture d. Jews had no place to go e. Many did not want to leave their friends and family & The nations that traditionally took in immigrants had strict immigration policies now because of the nativism that developed as a result of hard economic times after WWI f. All are reasons that the Jews of Germany did not simply just leave g. The nations that traditionally took in immigrants had strict immigration policies now because of the nativism that developed as a result of hard economic times after WWI

All are reasons that the Jews of Germany did not simply just leave

By the end of summer, 1933, Hitler had used his authority to dissolve or outlaw:

All political parties other than the NSDAP

Which is not one of the lessons the Nazis learned from their early, experimental anti-Jewish policies? a. All were lessons the Nazis learned b. Unanimous approval of all the German people was not necessary to carry out oppressive measures c. It was easiest to attach people who were already marginalized by society d. Members of the general public were more likely to participate in or at least tolerate attacks on minorities if they stood to gain something from those policies e. It was easiest to attach people who were already marginalized by society & All that was needed was the indifference of the majority to allow the Nazis to continue their policies f. All that was needed was the indifference of the majority to allow the Nazis to continue their policies

All were lessons the Nazis learned

the vague and often redefined term of pseudoscience used by the Nazis to refer to their physical ideal for the Master Race

Aryan

A general term used by Nazis to describe the kinds of people they considered problematic: Gypsies, the mentally ill, criminals, and those they considered to be sexual deviants.

Asocials

What are the factors involved in the development of an individual's unique personality?

Biology, Culture, Environment, Common Experiences, Unique Experiences

the process by which Hitler consolidated all power into himself and the Nazi Party

Centralization

All of the following were reasons that early Christians tried to separate themselves from the Jews, except:

Christians seek to gain new followers, favor, protection, legitimization by Roman government

According to Dr. Langer, which of the following was the most likely outcome that Hitler would choose, if the war turned against him?

Commit Suicide

One-party system. A dictator or elite leader has absolute control over citizens Communist vs. Fascist vs. Nazi (specifically)

Communism

an extreme liberal theory or system of government organization based on the holding of all property in common, actual ownership being ascribed to the state

Communism

From each according to his ability, to each according to his needs. Free-access to the articles of consumption is made possible by advances in technology that allow for super-abundance Communist vs. Fascist vs. Nazi (specifically)

Communist

signed in July, 1933, in which the Pope recognized the legitimacy of the Nazi regime in return for Hitler's guarantee that the rights of German Catholics and Catholic institutions would be protected

Concordat with the Vatican in Rome

Traditional; if things are going to change, do it slowly, and very little.

Conservative

Where did Hitler believe Germany would find the "living space" it needed in order to survive?

Eastern Europe: He dreamed of expanding German territory into Poland and the Soviet Union

According to Karl Marx, what drove history?

Economics drove history and humanity

allowed Hitler to put through any measure without approval from the Reichstag

Enabling Law of 1933

A term than means putting someone to death — usually someone with an incurable and painful disease; mercy killing

Euthanasia

Which best describes the "myth of the stab in the back"?

Even though German military generals realized they could not continue fighting WWI, and decided to sue for peace, they knew that doing so would be shocking to the German people because the military had been lying to the people for years telling them the war was going great. In order to make themselves look better, the military generals claimed it was not the fault of the military that Germany needed to surrender, but rather the German civilian population who had betrayed the troops by failing to support them enough.

During his time in the Germany military during World War I, Hitler distinguished himself as an excellent leader. True or False

False

an extreme conservative governmental system led by a dictator having complete power, forcibly suppressing opposition and criticism, regimenting all industry, commerce, etc., and emphasizing an aggressive nationalism and often racism

Fascism

The individual is considered meaningless; they must be dedicated to the power of the State. Traditional gender roles are upheld Communist vs. Fascist vs. Nazi (specifically)

Fascist

What ideas of the Freemasons were opposite of Nazi ideology?

Freedom & Tolerance

A _____________ was a member of a widely distributed secret order, having for its object mutual assistance and the promotion of brotherly love among its members.

Freemason

Nazi belief in and commitment to uncontested leadership

Fuhrer Principle

from "Geheime Staats-polizei," lit. "secret state police," set up by Hermann Göring in Prussia in 1933, extended to all Germany in January 1934

Gestpao

The city neighborhoods in which European Jews were forced to live.

Ghettos

Why was Public Opinion always so important to Hitler?

He knew he could not achieve his goals if he angered or alienated a large portion of the German population

Which of the following of Dr. Langer's general predictions did not come true?

He will never give up, he will fight with every weapon he can think of

Who did Hitler put in charge of the "Four-Year Plan" to prepare Germany for going to war by 1940?

Hermann Göring

Why did the President of the Weimar Republic agree to make Hitler Chancellor?

His advisers convinced him that by giving Hitler the job, they would be able to control him and the Nazi partyHis advisers convinced him that by giving Hitler the job, they would be able to control him and the Nazi party

Why did Hitler's father change the family name from Schiklgruber to Hitler some time before 1879?

Historians do not know

Which best describes the purpose of the Night of the Long Knives?

Hitler used it to purge the Stormtroopers, and force them under greater control by Himmler & the SS

All of the following were reason that the Nazis hated and targeted homosexual men, except: a. Hitler was actually a homosexual himself, and wanted to everything he could to hide it from the people b. Homosexual men were considered immoral sexual deviants c. Homosexual men opted out of reproduction of the Aryan Master Race d. Homosexual men in high government positions were dangerous because they were vulnerable to blackmail

Hitler was actually a homosexual himself, and wanted to everything he could to hide it from the people

What describes Hitler's relationship with his father?

Hitler's father was cold, distant, abusive, and domineering

Dr. Langer used all of the following sources in his research on Hitler:

Hitler's writings, speeches, and those of his colleagues newspaper/magazine articles, government reports official correspondence interviews with people who had known Hitler, now living outside Germany

The policy of empire-building, or extending a nation's control over other lands to gain economic and political advantages.

Imperialism

Why did some German women find the misogyny of Hitler's ideology appealing?

It offered women powerful positions as mothers and guardians of the master race

Which best describes why using the term "Aryan" to describe the Master Race gave Hitler such an important degree of flexibility?

It was so vague that he could adjust its meaning to include or exclude whomever he wanted at any given time.

A Christian religious group originating in the United States that placed great emphasis upon the Old Testament, who refused to pledge allegiance to any earthly government or serve in the military, and encouraged proselytizing in order to educate people about the end times.

Jehovah's Witness

1933 law that ordered the sterilization of people with certain physical and psychiatric conditions

Law for the Prevention of Hereditarily Diseased Offspring

Long-standing prejudice alone could not have led to the Holocaust. What other factors were needed to move from a culture of discrimination to one of organized killing?

Leadership, political will, and the manipulation of popular sentiments

"living space." Hitler's belief, outlined in his book, that the German people needed more land to spread their empire and grow their population, and that it would be best to take the land to the east of Germany

Lebensraum

the process by which Hitler and the Nazis created laws to justify their actions, and maintain the impression that Germany was still a nation of law and order

Legalization

What was Triumph of the Will?

Leni Riefenstahl's propaganda film made at the 1934 Nuremberg Rally

Believes change is generally a good thing, if it brings progress.

Liberal

The term Nazis used to describe the racially pure German population that was superior to all other races and that would one day rule the world.

Master Race

"My Struggle." An autobiography/propaganda tract written by Adolf Hitler in which he outlines his plan for the revival of Germany from the losses of World War I and blames Germany's problems on capitalists, communists, and Jews

Mein Kampf

hatred, dislike, or mistrust of women

Misogyny

a failed rebellion in November 1923 that ended in the jailing of Hitler for treason, his ability to make a name for himself, and the opportunity for him to write his book

Munich Beer Hall Putsch

full name for the Nazi Party

National Socialist German Workers' Party (NSDAP)

Belief in one superior race. Blames society's problems on members of other races or social groups Communist vs. Fascist vs. Nazi (specifically)

Nazism

Strict class structure believed necessary to prevent chaos. Everyone has a specific, defined role. While a certain race is considered superior, individuality among members of that race is discouraged Communist vs. Fascist vs. Nazi (specifically)

Nazism

Which of the following famous rumors about Hitler is true? He had only one testicle b. He lead his class in geography & history c. He had "Jewish blood" d. None are true e. All are true f. He was secretly a homosexual

None are true

What organization was commissioned to complete a psychological profile of Hitler in 1943?

Office of Strategic Services (OSS)

Law from the 1871 German criminal code outlawing sexual relations between men

Paragraph 175

Which of the following was a necessary precondition that had to exist in order something like the Holocaust to have happened?

People had to be prepared to accept the identification of other members of their society as enemies.

This word, derived from Russian, describes the violent attacks upon Jewish communities throughout Europe, beginning in the Middle Ages.

Pogrom

Many German nationalists saw their Slavic neighbors as

Primitive & barbaric

News and information designed to influence people's beliefs or actions.

Propaganda

Which word best describes any of various methods, theories, or systems, as astrology, psychokinesis, or clairvoyance, considered as having no scientific basis. A pretended or mistaken science.

Psuedoscience

Nazi goals of so-called racial purification and territorial expansion

Race & Space

What feature differentiated Mussolini's fascism from the Nazi brand of fascism?

Racism

What is this called: the belief that Jews were the root of all evil and that Germany could be saved from collapse only by total removal of Jews and Jewish influence?

Redemptive Antisemitism

Which best describes what led many Germans to search for people to blame for what they perceived as a betrayal by the Treaty of Versailles, after World War I?

Refusal to accept defeat

the name of the German parliament during the Weimar Republic

Reichstag

What type of government was the Weimar Republic?

Republic based on a democratic constitution

Hitler's use of pageantry and imposing shows of strength to create the impression of the overwhelming power, popularity, and unity of the Nazi Party

Ritualization

In "The Wave," which of the following was a tactic that Mr. Ross used to get Robert ("the class creep") on his side?

Robert was assigned roles of leadership and given power as a moderator without oversight. Robert was also Mr. Ross's bodyguard.

Eastern and Southeastern European Gypsies who may trace their heritage back to India.

Roma

the process by which Hitler developed Nazi policy, action, and values into regular, expected procedures

Routinization

an elite military unit of the Nazi party that served as Hitler's bodyguard and as a special police force

Schutzstaffel (SS)

the process by which the German people, regardless of how they actually felt about the Nazis, fell into the habit of compliance; the process by which the Nazis encouraged people to police themselves by reporting on other members of society who were not loyal

Self-Coordination

Hebrew word meaning "catastrophe"; a reference to The Holocaust

Shoah

What is the name of the group of Gypsies primarily based in German-speaking Europe?

Sinti

The application of Charles Darwin's ideas about evolution and "survival of the fittest" to human societies - particularly as justification for imperialist expansion.

Social Darwinism

Scientific and medical advances together with Social Darwinist notions led to the idea that:

Society could be engineered so that only the supposedly healthiest elements would reproduce.

How did the rise of Christianity from a persecuted branch of Judaism to a dominant religion in only 400 years, also contribute to spreading antisemitism?

Some early Christians attempted to separate themselves from the Jews in order to win followers.

"storm troopers." a political militia of the Nazi party, organized about 1923 and notorious for its violence and terrorism up to 1934, when it was purged and reorganized as an instrument of physical training and political indoctrination of German men; Brown Shirts

Sturmabteilung (SA)

The Communists made an excellent first target for the Nazis for all of the following reasons, except:

The Communists had the support of the Soviet Union.

This Enlightenment encouraged a belief in freedom of religion, and Napoleon and several other European leaders took steps to eliminate old restrictions on Jews. This is called:

The Emancipation of the Jews

What perception ultimately undermined the Weimar Republic, calling its legitimacy as a government into question, and making it difficult for the government to achieve progress during difficult times?

The German people saw the Weimar Republic as a symbol of the civilian weaklings who had betrayed Germany's fighting heroes in World War I by demanding surrender.

How did Hitler end up Chancellor of Germany by 1933?

The Nazis were the largest political party in Germany. Germany leaders allowed Hitler to become the chancellor. German leaders thought they could keep Hitler nice and close and he could have a job he would be proud of. The German leaders thought they would be able to control Hitler.

series of laws passed in 1935 for the purpose of legalizing the Nazi persecution of the Jews

The Nuremberg Laws

All of the following are reasons that Antistemitism developed in ancient Rome, except: Select one: a. In 70c.e. Romans destroyed the Jewish temple in Jerusalem b. Around 130c.e. the Romans dispersed the Jews of Palestine, leaving them without a homeland of their own until 1948. c. The Roman Emperor Hadrian attempted to convert to Judaism, causing a massive uprising among his people.

The Roman Emperor Hadrian attempted to convert to Judaism, causing a massive uprising among his people.

Hitler's political position in 1933 was not that strong for all of the following reasons, except:

The brown-shirted Stormtroopers were disorganized and lacked the power to police Nazi opponents

The notion that humanity was divided into races that struggled with one another for survival and dominance was in large part a product of:

The colonial experience

Which is a reason that many Germans did not speak out against the dismissal of Jews from the civil service, certain professions, and the boycott of Jewish businesses?

The dismissal of Jews from certain jobs opened up those jobs to Germans who needed them

Which best explains why the Reichstag Fire was so beneficial to the Nazis?

They blamed the Communists and used it as an excuse to imprison and persecute their political opponents & The Nazis came away looking like heroes for dealing so quickly with the Communist threat & The "threat" was now proven, so no one argued when the Nazis restricted civil rights, for the public good

"third empire." The name used to describe Nazi Germany. Hitler believed the medieval Holy Roman Empire (962-1806) was the first and the German Empire (1871-1918) was the second, and that the Nazi party had initiated the final empire that would last 1000 years

Third Reich

What was the goal of the Munich Beer Hall Putsch?

To overthrow the government of Bavaria

Why did German racists and nationalists play on the stereotypes of African men being sexual predators on white women, after World War I?

To stir up resistance to French Occupation troops stations in Germany after World War I

Eugenics programs existed outside of Germany, even in the United States in the early 1900s. True False

True

In 1933, Jews made up only less than 1% of the entire population of Germany. a. True b. False

True

Nazi prejudices against all of their target groups followed similar patterns. All of the following are features of those patterns, except: a. Used the Gestapo to intimidate Germans into hating their neighbors. b. Manipulated and exploited familiar hatreds by using propaganda to stigmatize target groups as having caused the problems Germans commonly feared. c. Focused their attacks on people who were already suspect in the eyes of many Germans. d. Linked current anxieties of the German people to the target groups who were already hated.

Used the Gestapo to intimidate Germans into hating their neighbors.

the democratic government established in Germany after WWI, and lasting until Hitler was appointed chancellor in 1933

Weimar Republic

Why did the Nazi not see homosexual women as a threat?

Women did not exercise public power by serving in the military or political office & Women could always be forced to reproduce for the Aryan Master Race, even against their will

Who were "The Fuhrer's Brides"?

Women played the role of children-bearing machines to breed for the new nation of children. They were considered Germany's hope for future nations. The Reich needed not only better Germans, but MORE Germans. "The Fuher's Brides" were Germany's Aryan Hitler Youth girls who were unwed and getting pregnant by Hitler Youth boys to create children for the Fuher and future of Germany.

What did Hitler do in prison?

Wrote his book, Mein Kampf

What is "blood libel"?

accusations that Jews sacrificed Chrisitan children in religious practices

Which best describes the long lasting results of the pogroms that swept through Europe in the Middle Ages?

brutally expelled wherever they went, massacres during crusades, blamed for the Black Death, pogroms and mass murder

Which best explains the symbolic meaning of the "fasces."?

bundle of rods weak as individuals, but collectively strong

The ultimate goal of Communism, in theory, is to create a:

classless society

How did the Social Darwinist ideas of the early 20th century further perpetuate antisemitism in Europe and America?

evolution and "survival of the fittest" to human societies society = against human nature

When the Romans conquered Jerusalem in 64bce, they tried to:

force Jews to convert to Paganism

Which best explains why, if the Nazis were fascist, they used the word "Socialist" in their name?

government needed control over industries that would help them build for war

What kind of economy does a Fascist regime have?

private ownership of businessess

What were the goals of Dr. Langer's investigation into the psychology of Adolf Hitler?

provide a profile that might serve as basis for our decisions in the future provide a foundation for developing interrogation strategy, if Hitler was captured

Which best explains why Mussolini believed Fascism to be Empowering to the people?

subordinate to the state blind obedience = state success state success = good for all so blind obedience = good for all