Home Medical Tests
lowest temperature occurs in the
*AM*
HIV tests (send out, collection kit)
*FDA approved*, collection kit, send-out test with blood sample from finger stick, 99.9% accurate, next-day results, professional counseling available 24/7
highest temperature occurs in the
*PM*
When to see medical advice
*any positive result or abnormal test*, selection of appropriate device or test, proper use of selected device if unclear
negative (HIV test)
*confirm that* sufficient amount of time has passed since exposure, false negatives are more common with Oraquick
if pregnancy test is positive
*contact a healthcare provider*, avoid alcohol and illicit drugs, begin taking a prenatal vitamin
most common test site for glucometer
*finger tips*
tips for use
*follow provided instructions*, if unsure, contact a health care provider or call manufacturer, store all supplies appropriately, use a timing device
goals are ________ to each patient for glucometer results
*individualized*
glucose test strips must
*match meter*
Positive UTI result color
*pink color* on strip
glass thermometer should be _________ to <___ prior to use
*shaken down*, 95 F
when to take a pregnancy test
1 week after expected period, test the first morning urine, or restrict fluids for 4 to 6 hours prior to test
how long does it take for drugs to appear after use in urine
1-12 hours
how long do drugs appear on urine drug tests after using drug and up to _____ for marijuana and barbiturates
1-7 days, several weeks
bedtime goal for people with diabetes
100-140mg/mL
drugs can be detectable for up to _______ in hair
3 months
void bladder if needed and sit quietly without talking for ______
3-5 min
avoid tobacco/caffeine for ____ prior to using BP test
30 min
many patients with diabetes have this goal prior to meals
80-130mg/dL
normal body temperature
98.6 F (vary by 1 degree)
blood pressure for any age with diabetes or kidney problems
<140/<90
general BP goal for age <60
<140/<90
blood pressure for age >60 without diabetes or kidney problems
<150/<90
oral temp = fever in adults
> 100 F
rectal temp = fever in children
> 100.4 F
False positives (drug tests)
poppy seeds, *second hang marijuana smoke*, codeine cough syrups, urine concentration
two lines vs. one line
positive vs. negative pregnancy test
step 2 (to use a glucometer)
prepare *lancing device* by removing cover and placing lancet into lancing device, pull back to load
step 3 to use a glucometer
prepare glucometer, place test strip into glucometer
FDA
purchase only __________ approved tests
False negatives (drug tests)
result of bleach, drano, hydrogen peroxide, urine concentration
What are Urinary Tract Infection Tests used for
screen for presence of urinary tract infection or to confirm that a UTI has been cleared
positive (HIV test)
see healthcare provider for *retesting* to confirm, counseling on precautions to avoid infecting other, HIV treatment
HIV tests (in-home, OraQuick)
FDA approved in 2012 for persons age 17 and older, no mailing of sample, cheaper, 1 false positive per 5,000 tests in uninfected individuals, 1 false-negative per 12 tests in HIV infected individuals
What STD testing can test
HIV, chlamydia, gonorrhea, and trichomoniasis
thermometers that are *less* accurate
surface temperature (armpit, forehead)
see medical advice after negative test if
symptoms are present, reason for using the test still persists, any additional concerns
medical advice
Know when to seek _______
97% vs 87%
technician vs consumer read UTI tests
step 4 (to use a glucometer)
test by placing tip of lancing device on fingertip, press lancing device button to activate, then move test strip/glucometer to blood
genetic test
tests 20,000 genes in the body and *make predictions* from the same, can tell you your risk for health conditions, disease carrier status fro pregnancy planning, and identifies genetic variants
false
T or F: birth control medication affect pregnancy test results
When to contact a healthcare provider (UTI)
UTI test results are positive or if results are negative but the patient has symptoms
$440 million
amount spent on home tests
types of BP monitors
aneroid monitor- requires stethoscope and electronic monitor- common for home use
most accurate UTI tests if detects
both leukocyte esterase and nitrites
Diastolic blood pressure
bottom # for BP test
position cuff snuggly on bare upper arm between shoulder and elbow and line arrow with ______
brachial artery
Benefits of Home testing
cheaper, accessible, convenient, faster results, private, consumer involvement
directions for use for UTI test
clean urogenital area, test first thing in the morning or urine that has been in bladder for >4 hours,
what is needed for a genetic test
collect cells through saliva or cheek swab
timing for ovulation test
cycle-dependent
pregnancy test
detects human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) hormone produced by the placenta
top mistakes when using a pregnancy test
dilute urine/not enough, take the test too early/late, misinterpreting results, not reading instructions, waiting to read results, not following up on results, reading results too early
glucometer test strips must not be
expired
age, weight, diet, metabolic rate, amount used
factors that can alter detection times for urine
false negatives with UTI tests, false positive
false negative due to frequent urination, *high doses of vitamin C*, vegetarian diet False positive due to contamination, use of medication called phenazopyridine, or use of dyes
correct body position for taking BP test
feet flat on floor, back supported, arm resting at heart level
Step 1 to use glucometer
gather glucometer, test strip, lancing device, lancet
What does the glucometer measure in the blood
glucose
benefits of ovulation tests
helps with conception, three days (48-72 hours) after test is positive is the best time to get pregnant
Blood pressure monitoring
high blood pressure, those with high blood pressure should check BP at home to compare to office readings
diabetes
higher than normal blood glucose (sugar) at increase risk for heart disease, kidney disease, eye damage, nerve damage
don't drink ______ liquid prior to oral thermometer use
hot/cold liquid
what indicates an LH surge on an ovulation test
if first line is darker or same as reference line (2nd line)
Importance of HIV test
increased public awareness, 20% of HIV-positive people are UNAWARE of diagnosis and cause 54-70% of the 56,000 new infections per year
risks from having High blood pressure (*hypertension*)
increases risk of stroke, heart attack, and kidney disease
Some UTI tests can also detect
leukocyte esterase
considerations (for STD testing)
look for FDA approved product, collection: urine sample or genital swab, results typically provided within a few days, higher rate of false positives than traditional STD tests, wide range of prices
if pregnancy tests are negative
make sure the test was run correctly, retest in one week if menstruation has still not occurred, if second test is negative and still no menstruation *contact your healthcare provider*
types of thermometers
mercury or alcohol in glass, electronic/digital, infrared
Urinary Tract Infection tests detect
nitrites in the urine (bacteria turn nitrate into nitrite)
Considerations for HIV test
not reliable until at least 3 months after infection, obtaining a blood sample for mail-out test has bleeding risk and biohazards, and it's just a SCREENING test
common test sites for thermometers
oral, rectal, underarm, *tympanic membrane*, temporal artery forehead
Always read _________ and seek assistance if necessary
package instructions
direct to consumer getentic testing kits
they are *expensive*, most of the tests have not been *clinically validated*
Systolic blood pressure
top # for BP test
what does an ovulation test do
tracks LH surge and estrogen surge
True or False: hair needs to be sent to lab
true
two types of home drug tests
urine and hair
Limitations of home testing
user dependent, appropriate access to follow up if needed misinterpretation of results- results not always conclusive, does not consider the complexity of the patient and other health conditions, test restrictions and proper storage, health literacy necessary
HIV test (how to use)
wait 30 min after eating, drinking, or using oral care products, don't wear dental products during the test, swab upper and lower gums with absorbent pad, from one side of mouth to the other ONCE, place device in tube with developing solution