Home Medical Tests

lowest temperature occurs in the

*AM*

HIV tests (send out, collection kit)

*FDA approved*, collection kit, send-out test with blood sample from finger stick, 99.9% accurate, next-day results, professional counseling available 24/7

highest temperature occurs in the

*PM*

When to see medical advice

*any positive result or abnormal test*, selection of appropriate device or test, proper use of selected device if unclear

negative (HIV test)

*confirm that* sufficient amount of time has passed since exposure, false negatives are more common with Oraquick

if pregnancy test is positive

*contact a healthcare provider*, avoid alcohol and illicit drugs, begin taking a prenatal vitamin

most common test site for glucometer

*finger tips*

tips for use

*follow provided instructions*, if unsure, contact a health care provider or call manufacturer, store all supplies appropriately, use a timing device

goals are ________ to each patient for glucometer results

*individualized*

glucose test strips must

*match meter*

Positive UTI result color

*pink color* on strip

glass thermometer should be _________ to <___ prior to use

*shaken down*, 95 F

when to take a pregnancy test

1 week after expected period, test the first morning urine, or restrict fluids for 4 to 6 hours prior to test

how long does it take for drugs to appear after use in urine

1-12 hours

how long do drugs appear on urine drug tests after using drug and up to _____ for marijuana and barbiturates

1-7 days, several weeks

bedtime goal for people with diabetes

100-140mg/mL

drugs can be detectable for up to _______ in hair

3 months

void bladder if needed and sit quietly without talking for ______

3-5 min

avoid tobacco/caffeine for ____ prior to using BP test

30 min

many patients with diabetes have this goal prior to meals

80-130mg/dL

normal body temperature

98.6 F (vary by 1 degree)

blood pressure for any age with diabetes or kidney problems

<140/<90

general BP goal for age <60

<140/<90

blood pressure for age >60 without diabetes or kidney problems

<150/<90

oral temp = fever in adults

> 100 F

rectal temp = fever in children

> 100.4 F

False positives (drug tests)

poppy seeds, *second hang marijuana smoke*, codeine cough syrups, urine concentration

two lines vs. one line

positive vs. negative pregnancy test

step 2 (to use a glucometer)

prepare *lancing device* by removing cover and placing lancet into lancing device, pull back to load

step 3 to use a glucometer

prepare glucometer, place test strip into glucometer

FDA

purchase only __________ approved tests

False negatives (drug tests)

result of bleach, drano, hydrogen peroxide, urine concentration

What are Urinary Tract Infection Tests used for

screen for presence of urinary tract infection or to confirm that a UTI has been cleared

positive (HIV test)

see healthcare provider for *retesting* to confirm, counseling on precautions to avoid infecting other, HIV treatment

HIV tests (in-home, OraQuick)

FDA approved in 2012 for persons age 17 and older, no mailing of sample, cheaper, 1 false positive per 5,000 tests in uninfected individuals, 1 false-negative per 12 tests in HIV infected individuals

What STD testing can test

HIV, chlamydia, gonorrhea, and trichomoniasis

thermometers that are *less* accurate

surface temperature (armpit, forehead)

see medical advice after negative test if

symptoms are present, reason for using the test still persists, any additional concerns

medical advice

Know when to seek _______

97% vs 87%

technician vs consumer read UTI tests

step 4 (to use a glucometer)

test by placing tip of lancing device on fingertip, press lancing device button to activate, then move test strip/glucometer to blood

genetic test

tests 20,000 genes in the body and *make predictions* from the same, can tell you your risk for health conditions, disease carrier status fro pregnancy planning, and identifies genetic variants

false

T or F: birth control medication affect pregnancy test results

When to contact a healthcare provider (UTI)

UTI test results are positive or if results are negative but the patient has symptoms

$440 million

amount spent on home tests

types of BP monitors

aneroid monitor- requires stethoscope and electronic monitor- common for home use

most accurate UTI tests if detects

both leukocyte esterase and nitrites

Diastolic blood pressure

bottom # for BP test

position cuff snuggly on bare upper arm between shoulder and elbow and line arrow with ______

brachial artery

Benefits of Home testing

cheaper, accessible, convenient, faster results, private, consumer involvement

directions for use for UTI test

clean urogenital area, test first thing in the morning or urine that has been in bladder for >4 hours,

what is needed for a genetic test

collect cells through saliva or cheek swab

timing for ovulation test

cycle-dependent

pregnancy test

detects human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) hormone produced by the placenta

top mistakes when using a pregnancy test

dilute urine/not enough, take the test too early/late, misinterpreting results, not reading instructions, waiting to read results, not following up on results, reading results too early

glucometer test strips must not be

expired

age, weight, diet, metabolic rate, amount used

factors that can alter detection times for urine

false negatives with UTI tests, false positive

false negative due to frequent urination, *high doses of vitamin C*, vegetarian diet False positive due to contamination, use of medication called phenazopyridine, or use of dyes

correct body position for taking BP test

feet flat on floor, back supported, arm resting at heart level

Step 1 to use glucometer

gather glucometer, test strip, lancing device, lancet

What does the glucometer measure in the blood

glucose

benefits of ovulation tests

helps with conception, three days (48-72 hours) after test is positive is the best time to get pregnant

Blood pressure monitoring

high blood pressure, those with high blood pressure should check BP at home to compare to office readings

diabetes

higher than normal blood glucose (sugar) at increase risk for heart disease, kidney disease, eye damage, nerve damage

don't drink ______ liquid prior to oral thermometer use

hot/cold liquid

what indicates an LH surge on an ovulation test

if first line is darker or same as reference line (2nd line)

Importance of HIV test

increased public awareness, 20% of HIV-positive people are UNAWARE of diagnosis and cause 54-70% of the 56,000 new infections per year

risks from having High blood pressure (*hypertension*)

increases risk of stroke, heart attack, and kidney disease

Some UTI tests can also detect

leukocyte esterase

considerations (for STD testing)

look for FDA approved product, collection: urine sample or genital swab, results typically provided within a few days, higher rate of false positives than traditional STD tests, wide range of prices

if pregnancy tests are negative

make sure the test was run correctly, retest in one week if menstruation has still not occurred, if second test is negative and still no menstruation *contact your healthcare provider*

types of thermometers

mercury or alcohol in glass, electronic/digital, infrared

Urinary Tract Infection tests detect

nitrites in the urine (bacteria turn nitrate into nitrite)

Considerations for HIV test

not reliable until at least 3 months after infection, obtaining a blood sample for mail-out test has bleeding risk and biohazards, and it's just a SCREENING test

common test sites for thermometers

oral, rectal, underarm, *tympanic membrane*, temporal artery forehead

Always read _________ and seek assistance if necessary

package instructions

direct to consumer getentic testing kits

they are *expensive*, most of the tests have not been *clinically validated*

Systolic blood pressure

top # for BP test

what does an ovulation test do

tracks LH surge and estrogen surge

True or False: hair needs to be sent to lab

true

two types of home drug tests

urine and hair

Limitations of home testing

user dependent, appropriate access to follow up if needed misinterpretation of results- results not always conclusive, does not consider the complexity of the patient and other health conditions, test restrictions and proper storage, health literacy necessary

HIV test (how to use)

wait 30 min after eating, drinking, or using oral care products, don't wear dental products during the test, swab upper and lower gums with absorbent pad, from one side of mouth to the other ONCE, place device in tube with developing solution