Homeostasis - NSC 3361.HN1 - Introduction To Neuroscience - S24

In osmosensory neurons, their __________ stretch or shrink, activating __________ to track changes.

cell membranes, mechanically gated ion channels

__________ in major blood vessels (and kidneys) and the heart detect the pressure drop from hypovolemic thirst.

Baroreceptors

adipose (fat) cells secrete __________, which acts on receptors in the hypothalamus and leads to decreased eating.

leptin

Bulimia nervosa

marked by periodic bingeing and purging by vomiting or laxatives

Hypothalamus is important to regulation of

metabolic rate, food intake, body weight

During digestion, the gut signals to the __________ to release insulin.

pancreas

Hypovolemic thirst is stimulated by

reduced extracellular volume

Ghrelin

released by stomach endocrine cells - Appetite stimulant

Circulating angiotensin II acts in the __________ to signal other brain sites to initiate drinking

subfornical organ (SFO)

Intracellular compartment

the fluid part of the body contained within cells

Extracellular compartment

the fluid space outside of cells

Osmotic thirst occurs when

the solute concentration of the extracellular fluid increases

Balance between intra- and extracellular fluid drives

thirst or fluid elimination

Hypovolemia causes release of

vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone)

Defects in leptin production or sensitivity give a

falsely low report of body fat

endocannabinoids increase sensitivity to

food odors

Once sugar has actually been absorbed into the blood stream, __________ in blood and liver signal pancreas to release insulin.

glucodetectors

Glucose's storage form is

glycogen

Binge eating

gorging with more food than is necessary to satisfy hunger

osmotic thirst is stimulated by

high extracellular solute concentration (reduced intracellular volume)

Hypothalamus is the __________ control center

hunger

Osmosensory neurons location:

hypothalamus

vasopressin effects:

induces blood vessel constriction and so reduces blood flow to the bladder

Homeo

same

Glycogen to Glucose (glycogenolysis) hormone

Glucagon

The sensory stimulus of food evokes __________ release, in anticipation of glucose. This is the __________ phase

Insulin, cephalic

Opposite of hunger

Satiety

Anorexia nervosa

a syndrome in which individuals severely deprive themselves of food

Lipids (or fats) are deposited in

adipose tissue

If blood volume decreases, kidneys release renin, which triggers formation of

angiotensin II

The hormone, __________, acts in the brain to trigger drinking.

angiotensin II

Stasis

inactivity or equilibrium

Glucose to Glycogen (glycogenesis) hormone

insulin