Homeostasis - NSC 3361.HN1 - Introduction To Neuroscience - S24
In osmosensory neurons, their __________ stretch or shrink, activating __________ to track changes.
cell membranes, mechanically gated ion channels
__________ in major blood vessels (and kidneys) and the heart detect the pressure drop from hypovolemic thirst.
Baroreceptors
adipose (fat) cells secrete __________, which acts on receptors in the hypothalamus and leads to decreased eating.
leptin
Bulimia nervosa
marked by periodic bingeing and purging by vomiting or laxatives
Hypothalamus is important to regulation of
metabolic rate, food intake, body weight
During digestion, the gut signals to the __________ to release insulin.
pancreas
Hypovolemic thirst is stimulated by
reduced extracellular volume
Ghrelin
released by stomach endocrine cells - Appetite stimulant
Circulating angiotensin II acts in the __________ to signal other brain sites to initiate drinking
subfornical organ (SFO)
Intracellular compartment
the fluid part of the body contained within cells
Extracellular compartment
the fluid space outside of cells
Osmotic thirst occurs when
the solute concentration of the extracellular fluid increases
Balance between intra- and extracellular fluid drives
thirst or fluid elimination
Hypovolemia causes release of
vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone)
Defects in leptin production or sensitivity give a
falsely low report of body fat
endocannabinoids increase sensitivity to
food odors
Once sugar has actually been absorbed into the blood stream, __________ in blood and liver signal pancreas to release insulin.
glucodetectors
Glucose's storage form is
glycogen
Binge eating
gorging with more food than is necessary to satisfy hunger
osmotic thirst is stimulated by
high extracellular solute concentration (reduced intracellular volume)
Hypothalamus is the __________ control center
hunger
Osmosensory neurons location:
hypothalamus
vasopressin effects:
induces blood vessel constriction and so reduces blood flow to the bladder
Homeo
same
Glycogen to Glucose (glycogenolysis) hormone
Glucagon
The sensory stimulus of food evokes __________ release, in anticipation of glucose. This is the __________ phase
Insulin, cephalic
Opposite of hunger
Satiety
Anorexia nervosa
a syndrome in which individuals severely deprive themselves of food
Lipids (or fats) are deposited in
adipose tissue
If blood volume decreases, kidneys release renin, which triggers formation of
angiotensin II
The hormone, __________, acts in the brain to trigger drinking.
angiotensin II
Stasis
inactivity or equilibrium
Glucose to Glycogen (glycogenesis) hormone
insulin