honors chemistry midterm review
Which of the following methods could be used to remove salt from a mixture containing sand, salt, and iron filings? a) filtration b) boiling c) using a magnet d) adding water, filtering, and evaporating the filtrate
adding water, filtering, and evaporating the filtrate
All energy levels (shells) within an atom contain an s sublevel. How does an electron in the 2s sublevel differ from an electron in the 4s sublevel? a) an electron in the 2s sublevel has lower energy b) an electron in the 4s sublevel is farther from the nucleus c) an electron in the 2s sublevel experiences a greater attraction to the nucleus d) all of the above are true
all of the above are true
Which element has a 1s sublevel that is completely filled? a) Mg b) He c) Na d) all of the above have a completely filled 1s sublevel
all of the above have a completely filled 1s sublevel
Which of the following represents an ionic compound? a) Sodium, Na b) Chlorine, Cl2 c) Aluminum sulfate, Al2(SO4)3 d) Ammonia, NH3
aluminum sulfate, (Al2(SO4)3
Which statement correctly explains the basis of the octet rule? a) atoms are most stable with eight bonds b) atoms lose or gain eight electrons to become a stable, noble gas c) atoms are most stable with eight protons in their nucleus, and the nuclear arrangement of a noble gas d) atoms are most stable with filled s and p sublevels, or eight electrons in their valence shell
atoms are most stable with filled s and p sublevels, or eight electrons in their valence shell
Resonance structures are different valid Lewis structures for the same molecule. Which of the following is a resonance structure for the NO3^- ion, for which one Lewis structure is shown in the margin? (ic 34)
b
What is the correct Lewis structure for Br2? (ic 30)
b
Which solution map would be used to determine the volume occupied by 2.0 lb of air? The density of air is 1.23 g/L. (1 kg = 2.205 lb) (ic 16)
b
An excited state electron configuration is ANY electron configuration that has electrons in a higher energy state than the lowest possible energy state. Which of the following orbital diagrams represents an excited state electron configuration? (ic 23)
c
Which of the following compounds would have a trigonal planar geometry? (ic 39)
c
Elements within the same group have similar chemical properties. These similarities can cause serious biological consequences if an element not normally ingested inadvertently enters the body. Strontium (Sr) is a radioactive product of nuclear explosions that incorporates itself into teeth and bones after exposure to radiation, and can cause many diseases like leukemia. What element does Sr mimic when it does this? a. radon b. uranium c. calcium d. argon
calcium
What is the identity of the element whose electron configuration is shown? 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^7 a) cobalt b) argon c) calcium d) neon
cobalt
Which conversion factor should be used to convert from centimeters to meters? (ic 13)
d
Which of the following is a valid Lewis structure for H2CS? (ic 29)
d
A measure of the attraction an atom has for the electrons it shares in a covalent bond is called its (a) ionization energy (b) electronegativity (c) HONC 1234 rule (d) electron configuration
electronegativity
Which of the following statements is FALSE? a) electrons attract other electrons when they are present in the same orbital b) an increase in the number of protons in the nucleus increases the positive charge of the nucleus c) electrons have a greater attraction for the nucleus when they are closer to the nucleus d) for a Li atom, the electrons in the 1s sublevel are more strongly attracted to the nucleus than the electron in the 2s sublevel
electrons attract other electrons when they are present in the same orbital
Which of the following best describes the quantum mechanical model of the atom? a) electrons travel around the nucleus of an atom in circular orbits with fixed energy b) electrons and protons are uniformly dispersed throughout an atom c) electrons exist in the nucleus of an atom due to their strong attraction to protons d) electrons exist in orbitals, which are areas of high probability of finding an electron
electrons exist in orbitals, which are areas of high probability of finding an electron
The process of light being given off when an ionic compound is heated in the flame of the Bunsen burner is shown below. Which statement best describes this process? (ic 20) a) heat from the flame adds an electron to the ionic compound, creating an anion that gives off colored light b) energy from the flame removes a proton from the nucleus; its relaxation back to the nucleus produces colored light c) energy from the flame excites an electron to a higher energy level; the relaxation of the electron to a lower energy state emits colored light d) heat from the flame removes an electron from the atom, forming a metal cation which is colored
energy from the flame excites an electron to a higher energy level; the relaxation of the electron to a lower energy state emits colored light
The laboratory glassware shown to the right is called a(n): (ic 10) a) beaker b) graduated cylinder c) Erlenmeyer flask d) balance
graduated cylinder
Which term would NOT be used to describe sulfur? a. main group (representative) element b. nonmetal c. halogen d. group 6A
halogen
A bullet found at a crime scene was determined to contain 1.095 g of lead. What is the place value of the "9" in this measurement? a) Ones b) Hundredths c) Tenths d) Thousandths
hundredths
the particulate diagram shown best represents which of the following elements? (ic 4) a. carbon b. hydrogen c. helium d. iron
hydrogen
Carbon and tin (Sn) are both in Group 4A. Compared to tin, an atom of C has a greater a) atomic radius b) number of protons c) number of valence electrons d) ionization energy
ionization energy
What is the best explanation for why the Lewis structure shown for O3 below is not valid? (ic 32) a) it does not contain the proper total number of valence electrons b) it contains too many formal charges c) it violates the octet rule for the terminal O atom d) no formal charges are present
it does not contain the proper total number of valence electrons
What is true about light with high frequency? a) it has high energy and short wavelength b) It has low energy and long wavelength c) It has high energy and long wavelength d) It has low energy and short wavelength
it has high energy and short wavelength
Which statement concerning the lithium ion, Li+, is true? a) it has two electrons b) it has 4 protons c) it is formed when Li gains one electron d) it is formed when Li gains one proton
it has two electrons
The Bohr model of an atom is shown below. What is likely to occur when this atom forms an ion? (ic 22) a) it will lose 5 electrons to form a -5 ion b) it will gain 3 electrons to form a +3 ion c) it will gain 5 electrons to form a -5 ion d) it will gain 3 electrons to form a -3 ion
it will gain 3 electrons to form a -3 ion
Silicon is in Group 4A, Period 3. Which of the following is NOT true concerning silicon? a) it has three occupied electron shells b) it has four valence electrons c) its valence electron configuration is 3s^2 3p^4 d) its valence shell is the third shell
its valence electron configuration is 3s^2 3p^4
The drug "lithium" is often prescribed to treat manic depression. It is not the element lithium, but the ionic compound Li2CO3 that is actually administered. What is the name of this compound? a) lithium carbonate b) lithium carboxide c) lithium tricarboxide d) dilithium carbon trioxide
lithium carbonate
Which type of radiation listed below has the longest wavelength? (ic 18) a) microwave b) ultraviolet c) gamma rays d) red light
microwave
which of the following terms best describe the sample of matter in the diagram? (ic 2) a. pure substance b. mixture of two elements c. mixture of two compounds d. mixture of an element and a compound
mixture of two elements
which of the following statements about compounds is incorrect? a. compounds consist of atoms of two or more different elements that are chemically joined together b. compounds are classified as pure substances c. molecular compounds are composed of metals and nonmetals d. ionic compounds are composed of cations and anions
molecular compounds are composed of metals and nonmetals
Upon mixing sodium with water, bubbles and fire are produced. This statement is best described as a(n): a) hypothesis b) observation c) theory d) scientific law
observation
The O-H bond is a polar bond. Which of the following statements is true? a) oxygen is the negative end of the bond dipole b) hydrogen has more electrons than oxygen has c) the electrons are shared equally between hydrogen and oxygen d) hydrogen has a greater electronegativity than oxygen
oxygen is the negative end of the bond dipole
The wave-particle duality states that light is made up of a stream of particles. What name is given to these particles? a) protons b) photons c) electrons d) introns
photons
Which value has the greatest number of significant figures? a) 0.00215 b) 12.0 c) 3.45 x 1012 d) 4606
4606
Which digit is the estimated digit in the mass of the bullet from question 3? a) 0 b) 9 c) 5 d) There is no estimated digit in this number
5
How should the mass reading on the balance be properly reported? (ic 8) a) 5 g b) 5.0 g c) 5.01 g d) 5.010 g
5.01 g
Which of the following represents a proper reading of the measurement of the liquid in the glassware? (ic 10) a) 5 mL b) 5.3 mL c) 5.30 mL d) 5.35 mL
5.3 mL
What is the wavelength of this wave? (ic 19) a) 300 nm b) 500 nm c) 800 nm d) 1100 nm
500 nm
17. Which value properly estimates the reading displayed on the Celsius thermometer? (ic 11) a) 54.20°C b) 53.8°C c) 53.80°C d) 58.30°C
53.80°C
Which composition is consistent with an atom that has a mass of approximately 12 amu and has no overall charge? a) 6 protons and 6 electrons b) 4 protons, 4 neutrons, 4 electrons c) 6 protons, 6 neutrons, 6 electrons d) 12 neutrons and 12 electrons
6 protons, 6 neutrons, 6 electrons
As of September 8, 2019 at 8:00 pm, the estimated world population was 7,729,056,328. Which of the following values correctly expresses this number rounded to three significant figures? a) 772 b) 7730 c) 772 x 10^7 d) 7.73 x 10^9
7.73 x 10^9
Atoms of Li, Na, K, and Rb are represented by the following spheres. Which sphere represents an atom of Na? (ic 21) a) A b) B c) C d) D
A
Which statement contains a number that is exact and therefore has no uncertainty? a) The largest gem ever found has a mass of 67.5 kg b) A patient is given 2 tablets of Tylenol c) The distance from Denver to Houston is 1720 km d) It takes 2 minutes to walk from the cafeteria to the chemistry classroom
A patient is given 2 tablets of Tylenol
The solids shown represent aluminum (d=2.70 g/cm3), gold (d=19.3 g/cm3), and silver (d= 10.5 g/cm3). If each cube has a mass of 10.0 g, what is the identity of each solid? (ic 15) a) A= aluminum; B= gold; C= silver b) A= aluminum; B= silver; C= gold c) A= gold; B= silver; C= aluminum d) there is insufficient information to determine the identity of each
A= gold; B= silver; C= aluminum
Lead(II) arsenate, a compound previously used as an insecticide, has the chemical formula Pb(AsO4)2. What is the symbol and charge of the arsenate ion? a) AsO4^2- b) AsO4^1- c) AsO8^- d) AsO4^-
AsO4^1-
Which of the following properly describes the shape and bond angles of each molecule shown? (ic 38) a) B = trigonal, 120°; C = bent, 120° b) B = triangular, 120°; C = trigonal planar, 109.5° c) B = trigonal planar, 120°; C = trigonal pyramidal, 109.5° d) B = tetrahedral, 180°; C = trigonal planar, 120°
B = trigonal planar, 120°; C = trigonal pyramidal, 109.5°
The electron configuration of a +2 ion is shown above. What is the identity of the ion? a) He^2+ b) H^2+ c) B^2+ d) Be^2+
Be^2+
The EPA has set the maximum level for mercury in tuna at 0.5 mg for every 1 kg of tuna. Which of the following properly shows the relationship indicated in the statement? (ic 12)`
C
Which of the following cannot be inferred from the graph? (ic 17) a) CO2 concentration was measured once every 40 years b) the concentration of CO2 has increased over time c) CO2 concentration increased more rapidly between the years 1980-2000 than between 1880-1900 d) in 1990, the concentration of CO2 was 355 ppm
CO2 concentration was measured once every 40 years
An important intermediate formed in metabolic processes is a polyatomic ion known as the diphosphate ion. If the diphosphate ion has the formula P2O7^4-, which of the following correctly represents the formula for the compound calcium diphosphate? a) Ca4P2O7 b) Ca2P2O7 c) Ca7P2O7 d) Ca4(P2O7)2
Ca2P2O7
Which compound has been incorrectly named? a) PCl3, potassium trichloride b) SF6, sulfur hexafluoride c) CaI2, calcium iodide d) CO, carbon monoxide
CaI2, calcium iodide
Which element has five electrons in a 3p sublevel? a) Br b) P c) Li d) Cl
Cl
What element on the periodic table has the strongest attraction for the electrons it shares in a covalent bond? a) F b) H c) Li d) As
F
Which combination of atoms forms a nonpolar covalent bond? a) F and F b) P and Cl c) Sr and F d) Au and Ag
F and F
Considering the electronegativity values indicated in the table, which of the following covalent bonds is the most polar? (ic 36) a) C—N b) N—O c) F—F d) H—Cl
H-Cl
Consider the graph below showing the ionization energy for the first 54 elements of the periodic table. Which element has the highest ionization energy? (ic 24) a) He b) Xe c) Rb d) K
He
if the pink circle = helium and blue circle = nitrogen, how can the components of the diagram be best represented with symbols? (ic 3) a. HeN2 b. He2N2 c. He and N2 d. He2 and N4
He and N2
A remote control uses infrared (IR) impulses sent to the receiver in a TV to change the channel or the volume. Which of the following is true about IR radiation? (ic 18) a) IR radiation is a form of ionizing radiation that is damaging to the body b) IR radiation has higher frequency than visible light c) IR radiation has lower energy than visible light d) IR radiation is part of the visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum
IR radiation has lower energy than visible light
the particulate view shown to the right is best described as a(n) (ic 1) a. element b. pure substance c. mixture d. solid
pure substance
the active ingredient in fosamax, a drug used in the treatment of osteoporosis is a compound with the chemical formula C4H18NNaO10P2. which statement concerning the active ingredient in fosamax is NOT known for certain? a. one molecule of this compound contains 36 total atoms b. atoms of six different elements make up this compound c. carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, sodium, oxygen, and phosphorus atoms are present in this compound d. ten oxygen atoms are joined together in this compound
ten oxygen atoms are joined together in this compound
which statement best summarizes the modern view of the atom? a. the atom is a solid, indestructible sphere with no smaller component parts b. the atom is a sphere of positive charge with many negatively charged particles within the sphere c. the atom is composed of particles of the same mass and charge, evenly distributed throughout its volume d. the atom is composed of a nucleus that contains most of its mass and all its positive charge, while the majority of the atom is mostly empty space
the atom is composed of a nucleus that contains most of its mass and all its positive charge, while the majority of the atom is mostly empty space
Which of the following properly describes the electronic geometry (EG) and molecular geometry (MG) of a water molecule? (ic 40) a) EG = tetrahedral; MG = bent b) EG = linear MG = linear c) EG = tetrahedral MG = linear d) EG = linear; MG = trigonal planar
EG = tetrahedral; MG = bent
Consider the potential energy diagram shown above for the formation of a covalent bond between two atoms. What are the attractive forces that cause the potential energy to decrease as the two atoms approach each other? (ic 25 a) the attraction of the nucleus of one atom to the valence electrons of the other b) the attraction between the nucleus of the two atoms for each other c) the attraction of the valence electrons of one atom for the valence electrons of the other d) the attraction of the nucleus of one atom for its own electrons
the attraction of the nucleus of one atom to the valence electrons of the other
Emergency treatment of cardiac arrest victims sometimes involves injection of a calcium chloride (CaCl2) solution directly into the heart. Which of the following statements about calcium chloride is INCORRECT? a) CaCl2 is an ionic compound b) the cation in this compound is Ca^2+ c) the anion in this compound is Cl^2- d) this compound has an overall charge of 0
the cation in this compound is Ca^2+
The ionic compound tin(II) fluoride may be found as an ingredient in toothpaste. What does the (II) in the name of this compound specifically indicate? a) the tin ion has two protons b) the charge on the fluoride ion is -2 c) the charge on the tin ion is +2 d) there are two tin ions present in the compound
the charge on the tin ion is +2
How is it possible for an electron to move to a higher energy level? a) the electron must absorb energy b) the electron must release energy c) the electron must give off light d) the electron must be paired with another electron
the electron must absorb energy
which statement about subatomic particles if FALSE? a. the identity of an atom is determined by the number of protons it contains b. the number of neutrons in an atom is the mass number of the atom c. protons have about the same mass as neutrons, and the opposite charge of electrons d. ions are formed when a neutral atom loses or gains electrons
the number of neutrons in an atom is the mass number of the atom
P-31 is non-radioactive of phosphorus and P-32 is a radioactive isotope used in nuclear medicine. Which of the following is a true statement concerning these two isotopes? a. the radioactive isotope has one more neutron than the non-radioactive isotope b. the radioactive isotope has one more neutron than the non-radioactive isotope c. both isotopes have the same number of protons and neutrons, because they are both atoms of phosphorus d. both isotopes emit high energy particles known as radiation from unstable nuclei
the radioactive isotope has one more neutron than the non-radioactive isotope
Which of the following statements about chemical bonding is incorrect? a) the sharing of electrons between two nonmetal atoms results in a covalent bond b) the attraction between oppositely charged ions results in an ionic bond c) the term nonpolar is used to describe a covalent bond in which electrons are not shared equally d) a bond dipole is the separation of charge that results when atoms sharing electrons have different electronegativities
the term nonpolar is used to describe a covalent bond in which electrons are not shared equally
A valence electron in a K atom is easier to remove than a valence electron in a Na atom. Which best explains why? a) sodium has less protons than potassium does b) potassium has less electrons than sodium does c) the valence electron in K is farther from the nucleus than the valence electron in Na, and is less tightly held d) the valence electron in Na is closer to the nucleus than the valence electron in K and experiences a greater repulsion for the nucleus
the valence electron in K is farther from the nucleus than the valence electron in Na, and is less tightly held
What is true about a molecule with the formula SF4? a) its electron and molecular shapes are tetrahedral b) there is a nonbonding pair of electrons on the sulfur atom c) the sulfur atom has an octet of electrons d) there are 28 valence electrons in the molecule
there is a nonbonding pair of electrons on the sulfur atom
What can be said about the existence of the isotope shown by the atomic symbol? (ic 5) a) this isotope of hydrogen can exist; it simply contains no neutrons b) this isotope of hydrogen can exist; it simply contains no protons and is an ion c) this isotope of hydrogen does not exist because atoms of hydrogen have only one proton d) this isotope of hydrogen does not exist because it has no electrons
this isotope of hydrogen does not exist because atoms of hydrogen have only one proton
The Lewis structure of formaldehyde, a preservative for biological specimens, is shown. Which of the following statements concerning this Lewis structure is FALSE? (ic 27) a) two electrons are being shared between the carbon atom and the oxygen atom b) the oxygen atom has four electrons in its valence shell that are not being shared c) the oxygen and carbon atoms each have an octet of electrons in their valence shells d) the hydrogen atoms have filled valence shells
two electrons are being shared between the carbon atom and the oxygen atom
Which color of visible light has the highest energy? (ic 18) a) red b) violet c) infrared d) they all have the same energy
violet
A student records the measurement 64.2 cm3. What type of measurement was made? a) mass b) length c) volume d) distance
volume
This type of glassware is used to measure: (ic 10) a) mass b) volume c) temperature d) weight
volume
Which has the greater mass, 1.0 L of water (density = 1.00g/mL) or 1.0 L of gasoline (density = 0.68 g/mL)? a) water b) gasoline c) they both have the same mass d) it is impossible to determine
water
Which of the following properly describes the polarity of a water molecule (shown above)? (ic 40) a) water is polar because its two bond dipoles do not cancel b) water is nonpolar because the molecule is symmetrical c) water is polar because its two bond dipoles cancel d) water is nonpolar since the electronegativity values of O and H are different
water is polar because its two bond dipoles do not cancel
A wave with a frequency of 5.0 x 1017 s^-1 is classified as what type of electromagnetic radiation? (ic 18) a) ultra violet b) blue light c) radio waves d) x-rays
x-rays
Which element has the fewest valence electrons? a) B b) K c) O d) F
K
Which element has the fewest valence electrons? a) K b) B c) O d) Be
K
The ionic compound magnesium hydroxide can be found in antacid tablets like Rolaids. What is the formula of this compound? a) Mg2(OH) b) MgOH2 c) Mg(OH)2 d) MgOH
Mg(OH)2
Which of the following compounds is NOT an example of a covalent compound? a) C(CH3)4 b) CH2BrF c) H2O d) Na2CO3
Na2CO3
Which element contains electrons in a d-sublevel? a) Ca b) P c) He d) Se
Se
A fictitious element is composed of two isotopes, A and B, with masses of 61.9887 amu and 64.9846 amu respectively. The average atomic mass of this element is 64.52. What can be concluded about the natural percent abundance of the two isotopes? a) The percent abundance of isotope A must be greater than the percent abundance of isotope B b) The percent abundance of isotope B must be greater than the percent abundance of isotope A c) Isotopes A and B are equally abundant in nature d) It is impossible to determine without knowing the identity of the element.
The percent abundance of isotope B must be greater than the percent abundance of isotope A
The density of human urine is normally between 1.003 and 1.030 g/mL, and is often used as a diagnostic tool. If a 25.00 mL sample of urine from a patient has a mass of 25.675 g, is the density of this sample within the norm? a) The density of the sample is less than the normal density b) The sample is within the normal density range c) The density of the sample is greater than the normal density d) There is insufficient information given to judge the sample
The sample is within the normal density range
Based on Titanium's (Ti) classification as a metal, which of the following statements concerning titanium's properties is most likely correct? a. Ti is malleable b. Ti is a poor conductor of heat and electricity c. Ti is a liquid at room temperature d. Ti has a low melting point
Ti is malleable
the average mass of a single atom of potassium is a. 19 g b. 19 amu c. 30.97 amu d. 39.10 amu
39.10 amu
The triiodide ion, I3, is a polyatomic ion. It's Lewis structure is shown. Determine the formal charge on each iodine atom. What is the overall charge on this ion? (ic 33) a) -1 b) -3 c) +3 d) 0
-1
Which of the following represents the smallest value? a) 0.0079 b) 3.4 x 10-2 c) 1.6 x 105 d) 62
0.0079
A hospital patient's blood cholesterol level was determined to be 0.25 milligrams per milliliter. Which of the following correctly represents this measurement? a) 0.25 mg/mL b) 0.25 Mg/ML c) 0.25 ug/mL d) 0.25 mg • mL
0.25 mg/mL
Perform the following calculation and report the answer to the proper number of significant figures. (ic 9)
0.8
One-hundredth of a liter of blood contains approximately 50 billion red blood cells. Which of the following values equivalently expresses this volume of blood? a) 50 kL b) 1 mL c) 1 cL d) 100 L
1 cL
Which of the following is equivalent to one milliliter? a) 1 cm3 b) 0.001 mL c) 1000 L d) All are equivalent to one milliliter
1 cm^3
What is the density of the solid object that was first weighed and then submerged in water? (ic 14) a) 1.8 g/mL b) 0.357 g/mL c) 0.445 g/mL d) 0.558 g/mL
1.8 g/mL
Which of the following measured volumes has the greatest uncertainty? a) 10 mL b) 10.0 mL c) 10.00 mL d) they all have the same degree of uncertainty
10 mL
A student measures three samples of water and records the values below. sample 1: 104.45 mL sample 2: 0.838 mL sample 3: 46 mL If she mixes all the samples together, how should the combined volume of the water samples be properly reported? a) 151.288 mL b) 151.29 mL c) 151 mL d) 1.5 x 10^2 mL
151 mL
Tungsten has an atomic number of 74. What is the chemical symbol for tungsten? a. As b. Tg c. Tn d. W
W
Which represents the shorthand electron configuration for B? a) [He]3p^1 b) [He]2s^2 2p^1 c) [Li]3p^1 d) [Li]2s^2 2p^1
[He]2s^2 2p^1
Which of the following represents an element with three valence electrons? a) [Ne]3s^1 b) [Ne]3s^2 3p^1 c) [Ne]3s^2 3p^3 d) they all have three valence electrons
[Ne]3s^2 3p^1
A sample of water in the liquid state is shown in the diagram to the right. Which labeled diagram below best depicts the sample of water after it has evaporated into a gas? (ic 7)
a
The covalent bond between chlorine and iodine is a polar one. Which of the following properly represents the separation of charge in this bond? (ic 35)
a
What is the Lewis dot symbol for the atom with the following electron configuration? [Ar]4s^2 3d^10 4p^4 (ic 26)
a
Which of the following Lewis structures shows an atom with an expanded octet? (ic 31)
a
Which of the following properly represents a tetrahedral shape and its corresponding bond angles? (ic 37)
a
Which structure is not valid because it violates the octet rule? (ic 28)
a
what is depicted in the particulate diagram shown? (ic 6) a) a chemical change b) a physical change c) melting d) sublimation of carbon dioxide
a chemical change