Hort Final- Multiple Choice

Which of the following statements about hot peppers (genus Capsicum) is NOT true?

Most of the capsaicin is found in the seeds

Which of the following statements are true about logging?

all of the above

Which of the following applications of biomimicry are real?

all of the above

Which of the following are true about the cinchona tree?

all of the above

Which of the following are true about the modern paper industry?

all of the above

Which of the following is true about commercial apple trees? (Select all that apply)

all of the above

Which of the following statements about acetylsalicylic acid (Aspirin) are true (select all that apply) ?

all of the above

Which of the following statements about biomimicry are true?

all of the above

Which of the following statements about herbal and other types of medicine are true (select all that apply) ?

all of the above

Which of the following statements about perfumes are true?

all of the above

Which of the following statements about the health effects of smoking tobacco are true?

all of the above

Which of the following is NOT true about popcorn?

any type of corn can be 'popped'

Which of the statements about coca is NOT true?

coca is a synthetic drug

The spices allspice, vanilla, chocolate, and chili pepper were introduced to the New World by European traders and thrived in the favorable climate.

false

Tobacco water is consumed as a healthier alternative to dangerous cigarette smoke.

false

When the French chemist Gherhardt neutralized salicylic acid by buffering it with sodium and acetyl chloride, synthetically creating acetylsalicylic acid in the year 1853, he patented and marketed his product immediately.

false

You are more likely to contract malaria in a city than a rural area.

false

Which of the following statements about scent detection is NOT true?

fly-pollinated flowers often produce the most pleasing smells for humans

Which of the following statements about tobacco curing is NOT true?

levels of damaging advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) are the same for all curing methods

Which of the following statements about cocaine use is NOT true?

native tribes of the Andes have traditionally isolated cocaine for over a thousand years

Which of the following is NOT true about smoking tobacco?

nicotine itself is highly addictive

Which of the following statements about paper production is NOT true?

paper contributes less waste to landfills than plastic

Which of the following statements about herbal medicines is NOT true?

phytochemicals that are used as medicines are thought to have evolved only through the domestication of crops.

Which of the following is NOT a recommended practice for growing pumpkins?

plant into wet soil so the pumpkin always has plenty of water

Which of the following is NOT true about the flowers of a corn plant?

pollen from the tassel is distributed by bees

Which of the following statements about the history of tobacco, up until the Civil War, is NOT true?

the North did not manufacture tobacco products because they did not have slaves

Which of the following is NOT true about the chemical produced by geraniums to defend against Japanese beetles?

the chemical eventually kills the caterpillar due to its toxicity

Which of the following statements about green roofs is NOT true?

the primary causes of heat build-up in cities is building furnaces

Which of the following is NOT true about spices?

the shelf life of a whole spice is about six months, while a ground spice lasts about two years

After pollination, the scent profile of many flowers changes, and scent emission often ceases altogether, allowing the insect pollinator to discriminate between pollinated and non-pollinated flowers.

true

Alexandria (Egypt) was founded in 332 BC and became an important trading post between Europe and Asia because it profited from the easy overland connection between the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea.

true

Although essential oils are used in aromatherapy and may also have healing properties, many fragrance ingredients can actually cause allergic skin reactions or nausea.

true

An English priest conducted some of the earliest clinical trials in the 1760s when he extracted willow bark and administered it to parishioners.

true

Chocolate is produced from the seeds of the tropical understory plant Theobroma cacao.

true

Cocaine's stimulating effects made it a popular ingredient in toothache drops, throat lozenges, and even early Coca-Cola syrup.

true

Crack cocaine is a highly addictive and power stimulant, derived from powdered cocaine, that hit the streets in the early 1980s and became "widely" available by mid-decade, though its use is in decline.

true

DNA evidence was used to convict a suspect who murdered a woman and dumped her body in the desert (i.e., State of Arizona vs Bogan, 1992) because it directly linked a piece of fruit found in the suspect's car with trees at the crime scene.

true

During WWII, a shortage of metal led to the construction of PT boats, as well as the famous Spruce Goose cargo plane, out of wood.

true

Eating corn as a sole source of nutrition causes niacin deficiency; however, either the addition of beans and squash or cooking the corn with burnt wood can help prevent this deficiency.

true

Forensic botany is defined as the use of plant evidence in court, but unlike forensic anthropologists, forensic botanists do not normally deal with human remains.

true

In Mexican cuisine, the fungus that grows on corn, huitlacoche, is considered a delicacy.

true

In order to produce cocaine, hand-picked coca leaves are soaked in gasoline and other chemicals to extract the coca base from the leaves.

true

In the United States, the Tobacco Master Settlement Agreement (MSA) settled a lawsuit against tobacco companies in exchange for a combination of yearly payments to the states and voluntary restrictions on advertising and marketing.

true

Malaria can be partially controlled by destroying areas of stagnant water where mosquitoes breed.

true

Marijuana that is propagated by cloning can be traced back to a single source using DNA typing.

true

Microscopic analysis of wood grain patterns was part of the prosecution's case in the kidnapping and death of Charles Lindbergh's young son in 1932.

true

Most herbs and spices contain phenolic compounds, such as flavonoids, that have antioxidant activity.

true

Native American tribes had a medicine man, and these men would use the bark of willow trees, often as tea, to treat pain and fever.

true

Native Americans used corn for both food and ceremony; corn is at the heart of all the mythology, calendars, religions, and rituals of Mesoamerica.

true

Pepper (Piper nigrum) is a woody vine whose fruit produces black, green, red, and white peppercorns and contains piperine, an alkaloid responsible for its pungent taste.

true

Pollen is microscopic and not visually obvious during crime scene collection but it is retained on clothing, embedded in carpets, and pervasive in soil.

true

Prior to harvesting the tobacco, the crop needs to be 'topped' so that energy goes into the leaves rather than flower production.

true

Sweet corn is a genetic variant that is high in sugars and low in starch and is usually consumed in the unripe state.

true

The 'Golden Delicious' apple was discovered in West Virginia in 1905 when a farmer spotted a tree, bearing huge yellow fruit, that had spontaneously appeared from seed.

true

The 1982 Nobel Prize was awarded to researchers who showed how aspirin, by inhibiting the production of hormones called prostoglandins, reduces the risk of stroke and heart attack by preventing blood clots.

true

The Bayer Company owns a trademark for "Aspirin", but in 1930, Bayer's patent on Aspirin expired, making it a generic drug that any company could produce and sell.

true

The Russian mystic Rasputin "cured" Alexi Romanov, son of the last Russian Tsar, by stopping his aspirin treatments, which had worsened his bleeding due to hemophilia.

true

The birth of homeopathy was based on cinchona bark testing, specifically the observation that Peruvian bark was known to cure intermittent fevers.

true

The wild ancestor of domesticated apples originally grew in Central Asia and was dispersed along the Silk Road trade routes.

true

The word pharmacy originated from the Egyptian term 'pharmaki' and the greek and is related to another Egyptian word 'pharagia', which means "the art of making magic".

true

Though Peruvian indians has long used the bark or 'quina' of the cinchona tree for medicinal purposes, it was not discovered by Europeans until the 17th century with the Spanish conquest of the Incas.

true

Water-repellant structures are useful in nature because they can protect plants from pathogens and allow animals, such as butterflies and dragonflies, to stay clean.

true

Wood energy is the dominant source of energy for over two billion people, particularly in developing countries.

true

Which of the following statements is NOT true about malaria?

malaria is not life threatening

The word drug comes from the Swedish word "druug" or "droog", which defers to 'dried plants'.

true

Which of the following statements is NOT true about the history of paper?

The Scott Company proudly pioneered the modern toilet paper industry and advertised their name on each perforated roll.

The United States is the world's leading tobacco producer.

false

Pumpkins have separate male and female plants.

false

Which of the following statements about post-Civil War tobacco history is NOT true?

Cigarette advertisers never targeted women due to concerns about smoking during pregnancy

The Mayans and Aztecs used cacao beans to create a sweet chocolate drink called "xocoati"

false

The U.S. is the leading producer of apples in the world, followed by China.

false

Which characteristic is NOT associated with chocolate that has been dutched?

enhanced flavor

All wood, regardless of the tree species it comes from, has about the same density and strength.

false

An herb is a dried seed, fruit, root, bark, or vegetative substance primarily used for flavoring, coloring, or preserving food.

false

Chocolate seeds are roasted so that the pulpy layer surrounding the beans liquifies away from the seed.

false

Corn syrup is produced by tapping the corn stalk, collecting the sap, and boiling the sap into a concentrate, similar to maple syrup.

false

Pepper was widely available during the Middle Ages and was most likely used in excess by the poor to conceal the taste of rotting meat.

false

Pumpkins derive their orange color from the plant pigment anthocyanin.

false