HRM Exam 2

________ is a process that involves an individual comparing perceptions of his or her of performance with those of managers, subordinates, and peers.

360-degree feedback

________ is the set of processes and managerial behaviors that involve defining, monitoring, measuring, evaluating, and providing consequences for performance expectations.

Performance management

________ is information about performance shared with those in a position to improve the situation.

FeedbackCorrect

________ is how an individual perceives the movement from performance to outcome.

Instrumentality

An example of the ________ heuristic occurs when you see news reports about people losing their jobs, and then start believing that you are in danger of being laid off. You start lying awake in bed each night worrying that you are about to be fired.

availability

________ is a mode of thinking that people engage in when they are deeply involved in a cohesive in-group, when members' strivings for unanimity override their motivation to realistically appraise alternative courses of action.

Groupthink

Marketing firms strive to ensure that people are aware of their products because people assume that if they have heard about certain products, the products will work well. Which of the following biases are the marketing firms trying to take advantage of?

availability

________ is the idea that decision makers are restricted by constraints when making decisions.

bounded rationality

The ________ keeps the group headed toward its stated goals.

orienter

"How much do I value the rewards I receive?" This question addresses

our valence.

________ bias is especially evident in entrepreneurs who are deciding to start and sustain new ventures.

overconfidence

Ever since Damien interned at an accounting firm the summer after his freshman year of college, he's wanted to become a CPA working at a large firm. Now, several years later after graduating from college, passing the CPA exam, and working at medium-sized firm, he's been offered a job at a large national firm with the potential to become a partner in five years. Which of the five needs has Damien attained?

self-actualization

________ theory assumes that competency, autonomy, and relatedness influence our behavior and well-being.

Self-determination

Individual issues such as "What's my role here?" and group issues such as "Why are we fighting over who is in charge and who does what?" are part of which stage of group development?

storming

Jenna and Martin complete their part of Project Zenith. Their progress is best measured against ________ goals.

task

Roger runs a small nonprofit group. He wants to buy a copier, because he knows it will be cheaper than going to the copy store. One of the other employees remarks that they should make do with an inexpensive copier from Walmart or Staples, but Roger wants one that will copy legal documents and collate reports. Roger may be impacted by ________ bias.

confirmation

Kelley hypothesized that people make causal attributions by observing

consensus, distinctiveness, and consistency.

Which of the following is not a task role?

encourager

Lisa Anne gets her midterm grades and finds that she has a 2.4 in OB. She expected a better grade point average to date. Lisa Anne is ________ her performance.

evaluating

A person in the ________ role will encourage all group members to participate.

gatekeeper

To enhance a worker's expectancy, a manager could

give feedback and coach the employee

Belinda takes on the role of ________; she tends to mediate conflict through humor.

harmonizer

John, a mid-level manager, notices that all his subordinates are filling out their monthly reports incorrectly. He concludes that the report forms are too complicated and need to be revised. On which type of attributional information is John's decision based?

high consensus

David's boss has observed that David took about 12 hours to perform tasks A, B, and C. However, he took 24 hours to complete task D. David's boss concluded that task D must have been tougher than the other tasks. Which of the following attributional information led David's boss to this conclusion?

high distinctiveness

Prisha is attempting to reduce her inequity at work by attending night school for further job training. In other words, she is trying to

increase her inputs

The goal of the job characteristics model is to

increase intrinsic motivation in jobs.

A person who clarifies key issues for a group has taken on the role of

information seeker/giver.

Which of the following is not a symptom of groupthink?

minority dissent

Donald is on the production line for Medical Services Inc. He has been there for five years and has won Employee of the Month more than anyone else. Juan, his coworker, who has only been at Medical Services three years and hasn't even been nominated for Employee of the Month, just received a promotion. Donald perceives a

negative inequity.

Despite the information available, Becky consistently uses her cell phone to text when driving down the highway. This is an example of ________ decision making.

nonrational

In which stage of the group development process do group members resolve their power struggles so that something can be accomplished?

norming

As a manager, Haley has established a new work group to tackle a particular project. She has introduced all the members to each other and the group has elected a leader. However, lately Haley has noticed that some group members are procrastinating on their duties. Two cliques have formed within the group and they are frequently arguing with and challenging the group leader's opinions. Which of the following stages of group development process is Haley observing?

storming