HTML Chapter 2
Unicode
A universal character set designed to support all written languages, as well as scholarly disciplines (e.g., mathematics).
<body> tag
This tag begins the body of the document and includes all the content of the Web page, such as the text, video, hyperlinks and images. The <body> tag is placed after the <head> tag.
<title> tag
This tag identifies the document title. Most browsers will display the title in the browse's title bar. The <title> tag is placed within the <head> container tags.
An element
provides the main instruction of the tag. An element is required in every tag. Elements include <body>, <p>, <h1>, <title>, <table> and many others.
An attribute
specifies a quality or describes a certain aspect of the element. For example, a hyperlink is added to a Web page by using the <a>, or anchor, element. The href attribute is added, which identifies the hyperlink reference. Many elements require specified attributes, but some do not. An attribute is required in a tag only if the element requires it.
Container tags
tags that come in pairs. Container tags use starting and ending tags. For example, when you want emphasis (italic) text, you will contain the text between starting and ending <em> </em> tags. These tags are also called the opening and closing tags.
Empty tags
tags that stand alone. Empty tags are those that do not directly format a specified block of text, and therefore one tag can execute the instruction. For example, if you want to create a line break, you insert the <br> tag at the point you want the break to occur.
<html> tag
The <html> tag is used as a container for the entire HTML document. It nests all code except for the <!DOCTYPE> declaration.
<link> tag
The <link> tag references a style sheet and is recommended for HTML5. A style sheet usually has a .css file name extension and a file name similar to the page to which it is linked (e.g., syb.css for the HTML page named syb.html). Style sheets are often placed in a subdirectory for the Web page. This subdirectory contains all images and associated files for the page. The <link> tag is placed within the <head> container tags.
<meta> tags
The <meta> tag can specify various information about the document, known as metadata. This metadata can include a document description, revision dates, and keywords to help search engines index the page. It also specifies the HTML5 character set used, which is usually UTF-8. The <meta> tag is placed within the <head> container tags.
character set
The group of symbols used to render text on a page.
<head> tag
The head section allows you to insert <meta> tags (which describe the nature of the document), links to style sheets, and the <title> tag.
<!DOCTYPE>
declaration The <!DOCTYPE declaration is the first tag in an HTML document. It informs the interpreter (usually a Web browser) what version of HTML the Web page is written in. Previous to HTML5, the <!DOCTYPE> declaration was an SGML statement and required a fairly complex declaration. In HTML5, however, the tag is written as only <!DOCTYPE html>. The declaration is not case-sensitive, but it is almost always written in uppercase letters by Web developers (it will be uppercase in this course).
A value
gives value to the element and its attribute. For example, <a href="http://www.ciwcertified.com"> has a value that instructs the hyperlink to access the CIW Certified Web site. Like attributes, values are optional in a tag unless required by a specified attribute to the element. Values are used only with attributes; elements do not take values directly. Values should be surrounded by quotation marks; they are not required, but placing values in quotation marks is considered good coding practice.
