HUM 110 Chapters 15-17
Who was Edward R. Murrow?
first national journalist broadcaster (WWII)
What was happening in the 20s?
consumerism (Roaring 20s), everyone wanted to buy cars
Who was Orson Wells?
discovered the power of radio and that it could be dangerous War of the Worlds on Halloween night (1938), fake news learned impact of radio learned that people trusted the radio they had no proof otherwise
What was the Kodak lab?
established in 1913 forefront of the development of color film
Who invented the Kodak camera and what was the catchphrase?
George Eastman (1888), portable, self contained film, "You press a button and we do the rest"
Who was the 1st president to be on television?
Roosevelt
What did Garrett Morgan invent?
traffic signals, Cleveland, Ohio 1023
Who invented the radio?
Marconi ("took down the wires")
What are some of the events that define radio?
- President FDR talks to the country in the Great Depression - Country was scared about a Martian Invasion - Boxing Match between Joe Lewis and Max Schmeling
Why was radio such a big deal?
1. Immediate 2. National News 3. International News 4. Vast Reach
How many radio sets were in America in 1934?
18 million
When did Ford control the American car market?
1913
What year did radio become broadcasting?
1920
When did commercial radio begin?
1920
When did radio become a dominate form of mass communication?
1930s
How many people listened to the 1st boxing match? What year?
1936- 57 million people
how many people listened to the 2nd boxing match? What year?
1938- 70 million people, 100 million worldwide
When was the TV invention revealed to the public?
1939 at the world's fair
When did TV take the shape is has today?
1948-1952
How many companies tried to build automobiles?
50
How many TVs were being produced in 1947?
7 million
How many TV stations were there in 1945? In 1950?
8, 98
Who was Alfred P. Sloan and what is Sloanism?
Alfred P. Sloan was the chief executive officer at General Motors from 1823 to 1946. He created "Sloanism" which is marketing strategy for cars that is still used today. His marketing strategy is to slightly change the car in outward looks such as a new fender appearance or different upholstery. This new look would bring variety into the industry and make people want to trade in cars for a new one. This would also make someone driving an older model feel obsolete.
Explain how automobiles would lead to developments in related sectors.
Automobiles led to the development of paved roadways. This also led to the development of better, more efficient roadway design and building tools. By the 1920s, there was a national network of highways in the United States. After roadways were developed, businesses started moving along the roadways such as motels, supermarkets, and gas stations. The rubber industry in America also took off as a result of automobiles. Also, tires became longer lasting as a result of the automobile industry. The glass industry tripled in the 1920s and the production of steel was improved as a result of the automobile industry. Oil refining and petroleum sales also increased dramatically during this time. Automobiles changed the landscape of America and gave people freedom.
What were the TV networks?
CBS and NBS (outgrowth of radio)
What was the first commercial radio station?
Conrad: KDKA in Pittsburgh
What did people think that radio would be used for in the beginning? What did it become used for?
Educational and cultural purposes However that's not what made money so radio became entertainment
What did FDR do on the radio?
Fireside Chats Americans felt connected to FDR because of his warm radio voice and his ability to speak to the fears of the people
Who did scientific management?
Fredrick Taylor
What was Ford's competition?
General Motors 1923 Chevrolt colorful cars Sloanism (planned obsolescence)- the "upgrade"
Henry Ford saw the potential for what? What would be the key for making his vision a reality?
Henry Ford saw the potential for a low-cost but sturdy automobile. The key for making this vision a reality was to lower the cost of mass producing cars. Ford believed that if a common man could afford a car, he would buy one. Ford's vision was to sell a car cheap enough that even someone from the middle class or a farmer could buy one. He wanted to make a car that was affordable for the masses. He would produce these cars cheaply by the assembly line process—this is the game changer. He didn't invent the assembly line, the meat packing industry did, but he was the first to use assembly line in the production of cars.Assembly line took the time of one car from 12 hours and 13 min to 1 hour and 33 min. Model T 1908, Model T changes the modern world
In the early years of the twentieth century, the automobile was considered to be what?
In the early years of the twentieth century, the automobile was considered to be a luxury and rural communities sought legislation that restricted their speed, gave right of way to horses, and even banned certain automobiles.
How did the bicycle help to establish a market for automobiles (explain).
Internal combustion was not the catalyst for automobiles. Inventors wanted to be certain that there was a market for personal transportation. In the 1880s, there were a massive number of bicycles in America, Britain, and France. This proved that there was a market for personal transportation and was the catalyst for experimentation with automobiles. The building of the bicycle was similar to the automobile: tubular frames, chain drive, tires, gears, etc.
How was the power of television shown through the Presidential debates?
Kennedy-Nixon Debates in 1960 Kennedy understood the technology and how to act on TV People who watched the debate thought Kennedy won the debate People who listened to the debate thought that Nixon won the debate It became style over substance
What events show the power of television?
Kennedy-Nixon debates Civil Rights Movement Vietnam War Ed Sullivan show (Elvis, Beatles) Michael Jackson
What was one of the most famous TV shows?
Leave It To Beaver "ideal American family" criticism: told from the perspective of a white middle-class family
What were the two radio broadcasting stations in the late 20s?
NBC and CBS
Who was one of the inventors f the television?
Philo Farnsworth scanning beam was the key technology image dissector
Who was Ransom Olds?
Ransom Olds produced a the "Oldsmobile" in 1905 and sold five thousand of them very quickly. This was the start of automobile mass production in America. The "Oldsmobile", however, was very fragile and could not be driven on the rough roads of the day. Cars were also considered a luxury item for the rich and therefore he did not sell a lot of them. He set the precedent for large scale production and marketing of cars.
Where did photography start?
Rochester, NY
The 1920s are remembered as what era?
The 1920s are today remembered as the "decade of prosperity" ad the era of mass "automobility".
Describe the 1908 Model - T.
The Model-T was built high off the ground, was simple to operate, had front doors and a windshield, and allowed a running engine to recharge the electrical system. Introduced rubber, and sold for $300 eventually.
Who invented the phonograph?
Thomas Edison, John Kreusi, one of Edison's inventors in 1877
What delayed the start of television?
WWII and great depression
What was the big event that people listened to on radio?
WWII, stories and sounds of the war
How did cars change the American landscape?
sanitation, business, interstate and highway system(1956), urban sprawl, vacations, motels, tourist attractions, Levittown (America's first suburb), economic growth, social mobility, noise, congestion, more jobs, true personal transportation, urban decay
What is the significance of The Jazz Singer?
a movie made by Warner Brothers that caught the attention of the world and forced talking movies
What happened with the television that happened before?
a patent war
What is mass culture?
a shared experience in different locations
What did the radio start as?
a wireless telegraph
What is the power of radio?
advance in news, entertainment, and advertising, music situation comedy, soap opera, stars
When was radio happening?
around the 1920s
Who was Sarnoft?
chief operation officer of RCA envisioned a radio in every home
What were the advantages of the radio?
instantaneous, personal, intimate, people were no longer isolated from the outside world
What made automobiles possible?
internal combustion (Karl benz first automobile in Germany)
How was the power of television shown in the civil rights movement?
it would have been like a bird without wings without the television
What did the radio become in the early years?
like youtube, people started putting their own stuff on the radio
Was TV seen as a useful invention at first?
no
What were the boxing matches really about?
politics, totalitarianism vs democracy
What kind of broadcasting did the radio invent?
prime-time programming (same time, same station)
What important invention did Deforest have for the radio?
primitive vacuum tube enabled the ability to send voices long distances "empire of the air"
What was the first mass communication since the printing press?
radio
Who were the stars on TV?
radio stars
What can television do?
show and tell
What were movies like at first?
silent
What was George Eastman's invention?
the Kodak camera in 1888 "You press a button, we do the rest" camera, film, and film development
What did radio start selling in 1930?
time to advertisers
What is indirect advertising and when did it begin?
writing content for radio (1922)