Human A&P: Chapter 8- Special Senses Pearson Activities

Most common form is the lack of red or green cone receptors

Color blindness

Inflammation of the conjunctiva

Conjunctivitis

Cones are photoreceptor cells that allow us to see gray tones in dim light.

False

The choroid consists of an outer, pigmented layer and an inner, neural layer which is home to rods and cones.

False

The function of the pharyngotympanic (auditory) tube is to transmit sound vibrations to the eardrum (tympanic membrane).

False

The movement of otoliths is involved in the sensation of dynamic equilibrium.

False

Increased pressure within the eye, which causes pain and possibly blindness

Glaucoma

Location of the ossicles

Middle ear

Location of the pharyngotympanic (auditory) tube

Middle ear

Tympanic membrane separates the outer ear from this region

Middle ear

Nearsightedness

Myopia

"Cross-eyed"

Strabismus

Which of the following correctly states the function of the tarsal glands?

Tarsal glands produce an oily secretion that lubricates the eye.

The pharyngotympanic (auditory) tube links the middle ear cavity with the throat.

True

The pupil is the circular opening in the iris through which light passes.

True

We cannot see images formed on the optic disc (blind spot).

True

What is the ability of the eye to focus on close objects?

accommodation

What term refers to the ability to focus on close objects?

accommodation

Which reflex constricts pupils when we view close objects?

accommodation pupillary reflex

The overlapping of the two visual fields that provides for depth perception (3-D vision) results in ________.

binocular vision

What layer of the eyeball contains both pigment to absorb stray light rays and muscle to control the lens?

choroid

Hearing aids would be most useful for a person with ________.

conduction deafness

A person with total color blindness may lack ________.

cones

Type of photoreceptor cell that detects colors

cones

The membrane that covers the outer surface of the eye and lines the eyelids is the ________.

conjunctiva

What is the reflexive movement of both eyes medially to view objects close to us?

convergence

The transparent portion of the fibrous layer of the eye is the ________.

cornea

Transparent portion of the fibrous layer

cornea

Which one of the following correctly lists the order of the parts through which light passes as it enters the eye?

cornea, aqueous humor, lens, vitreous humor

Hemianopia is caused by __________.

damage to the visual cortex

What structure is lined with ceruminous glands?

external acoustic meatus (auditory canal)

Area of greatest visual acuity

fovea centralis

What part of the eye has the greatest visual acuity?

fovea centralis

Which area of the retina has the highest concentration of cones?

fovea centralis

Hearing receptors within the spiral organ of Corti are called ________.

hair cells

What must be stimulated in order for the sense of hearing to be transmitted to the cochlear nerve?

hair cells

What is a possible cause of conduction deafness?

inability of auditory ossicles to vibrate

The auditory ossicle called the "anvil" is also known as the ________.

incus

The pupil is an opening within the ________.

iris

What gland releases tears onto the anterior surface of the eyeball?

lacrimal

Which gland is located above the lateral end of each eye and releases tears?

lacrimal

Gland that releases tears

lacrimal gland

Which of these is located in the superior-lateral region of the orbit?

lacrimal gland

Which of these structures is part of the system that produces and drains tears?

lacrimal gland

Flexible biconvex crystal-like structure

lens

Which of these provides sensory input that helps keep the head erect?

maculae of the vestibule

Which of the following is the auditory ossicle that attaches to the tympanic membrane?

malleus (hammer)

The vibration of sound waves cause the tympanic membrane, or eardrum, to move against an ossicle known as ________.

malleus or hammer

Identify the pathway of vibrations as they travel from the tympanic membrane to the ossicles ________.

malleus, incus, stapes

An ear infection following an illness such as a cold can pass from the throat through the auditory (pharyngotympanic) tube to the ________.

middle ear

Our sense of static equilibrium is created by the ________.

movement of otoliths along hair cells

The inability to see distant objects is termed "nearsighted" or ________.

myopia

At what point do some axons leave the optic nerve and cross to the opposite side of the brain?

optic chiasma

Fibers from the medial side of each eye cross over to the opposite side of the brain at the ________.

optic chiasma

Portion of the optic nerve that lacks photoreceptor cells

optic disc

What region of the retina lacks photoreceptor cells?

optic disc (blind spot)

Select the pathway along which images received by the retina of the eye will travel into the brain ________.

optic nerve, optic chiasma, optic tracts, thalamus, optic radiation, occipital lobe

Tiny stones made of calcium salts that roll in response to changes in gravitational pull are called ________.

otoliths

What part of the retina absorbs light and prevents it from scattering inside the eye?

pigmented layer

The function of the choroid layer of the eye is to ________.

prevent light from scattering inside the eye

What is the function of the otoliths?

responding to changes in the pull of gravity and in acceleration when the body moves

Layer that contains millions of photoreceptors

retina

Which layer of the eye contains photoreceptors known as rods and cones?

retina

Which layer of the eye contains rods and cones?

retina

Which of these is part of the sensory layer of the eye?

retina

What type of photoreceptor cell allows us to see gray tones in dim light, and provides our peripheral vision?

rods

"White of the eye"

sclera

The fibrous covering of the eye consists of the white outer layer, known as the ________, and a transparent portion known as the ________.

sclera; cornea

Dynamic equilibrium receptors that detect information about angular or rotational movements of the head are housed in the ________.

semicircular canals

What part of the inner ear contains receptors for dynamic equilibrium?

semicircular canals

Which of these are oriented in the three planes of space, allowing sensation of movement in any plane?

semicircular canals

What hearing disorder arises when there is damage or degeneration of receptor cells in the spiral organ of Corti, cochlear nerve, or neurons in the auditory cortex of the brain?

sensorineural deafness

Hair cells that function as hearing receptors are located within the ________.

spiral organ of Corti

What sensation is related to sitting motionless at a desk studying your anatomy and physiology material?

static equilibrium

When Brock walked out of the dark movie theater into the bright, mid-day sun, he experienced ________.

the photopupillary reflex

Sound waves entering the external acoustic meatus (auditory canal) hit the eardrum, also known as the ________.

tympanic membrane

What membrane divides the outer ear from the middle ear?

tympanic membrane (ear drum)

Jake was struck in the head during a baseball game. Which of the following could impair the sense of hearing if damaged?

tympanic membrane (eardrum)

Static equilibrium receptors are located in the ________.

vestibule

Which cranial nerve transmits both hearing and equilibrium information to the brain?

vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII)

Which of these is associated with rods?

vision in dim light

Type of gel-like substance located in the posterior segment

vitreous humor

The gel-like substance housed in the posterior segment of the eye is the ________.

vitreous humor (body)

The gel-like substance that reinforces the eyeball and prevents it from collapsing inward is the ________.

vitreous humor (body)

Fluid-filled part of the ear

Inner ear

Location of equilibrium receptors

Inner ear

Location of otoliths

Inner ear

Location of the cochlea

Inner ear

Location of the vestibular apparatus

Inner ear

Location of ceruminous glands

Outer ear

Location of the auricle (pinna) and external acoustic meatus

Outer ear

Decreased lens elasticity associated with aging

Presbyopia

How do organs of equilibrium help us maintain our balance?

The macula sends information on head position and the crista ampullaris sends information on rotation movements to the cerebellum for integration.

An astigmatism results from unequal curvatures of the cornea or lens.

True

Conduction deafness may result from earwax buildup or the fusion of the ossicles.

True

From the optic nerve, the visual pathway continues to the optic chiasma, optic tracts, thalamus, optic radiation, and then visual interpretation occurs in the occipital lobe.

True

In order to hear sound, vibrations pass from the eardrum to the ossicles, and on to the oval window.

True

The "stirrup" is also referred to as the stapes.

True

The bony labyrinth of the internal ear consists of the cochlea, vestibule, and the semicircular canals.

True

The normal resting eye is generally "set" for distant vision.

True