Human A&P: Chapter 8- Special Senses Pearson Activities
Most common form is the lack of red or green cone receptors
Color blindness
Inflammation of the conjunctiva
Conjunctivitis
Cones are photoreceptor cells that allow us to see gray tones in dim light.
False
The choroid consists of an outer, pigmented layer and an inner, neural layer which is home to rods and cones.
False
The function of the pharyngotympanic (auditory) tube is to transmit sound vibrations to the eardrum (tympanic membrane).
False
The movement of otoliths is involved in the sensation of dynamic equilibrium.
False
Increased pressure within the eye, which causes pain and possibly blindness
Glaucoma
Location of the ossicles
Middle ear
Location of the pharyngotympanic (auditory) tube
Middle ear
Tympanic membrane separates the outer ear from this region
Middle ear
Nearsightedness
Myopia
"Cross-eyed"
Strabismus
Which of the following correctly states the function of the tarsal glands?
Tarsal glands produce an oily secretion that lubricates the eye.
The pharyngotympanic (auditory) tube links the middle ear cavity with the throat.
True
The pupil is the circular opening in the iris through which light passes.
True
We cannot see images formed on the optic disc (blind spot).
True
What is the ability of the eye to focus on close objects?
accommodation
What term refers to the ability to focus on close objects?
accommodation
Which reflex constricts pupils when we view close objects?
accommodation pupillary reflex
The overlapping of the two visual fields that provides for depth perception (3-D vision) results in ________.
binocular vision
What layer of the eyeball contains both pigment to absorb stray light rays and muscle to control the lens?
choroid
Hearing aids would be most useful for a person with ________.
conduction deafness
A person with total color blindness may lack ________.
cones
Type of photoreceptor cell that detects colors
cones
The membrane that covers the outer surface of the eye and lines the eyelids is the ________.
conjunctiva
What is the reflexive movement of both eyes medially to view objects close to us?
convergence
The transparent portion of the fibrous layer of the eye is the ________.
cornea
Transparent portion of the fibrous layer
cornea
Which one of the following correctly lists the order of the parts through which light passes as it enters the eye?
cornea, aqueous humor, lens, vitreous humor
Hemianopia is caused by __________.
damage to the visual cortex
What structure is lined with ceruminous glands?
external acoustic meatus (auditory canal)
Area of greatest visual acuity
fovea centralis
What part of the eye has the greatest visual acuity?
fovea centralis
Which area of the retina has the highest concentration of cones?
fovea centralis
Hearing receptors within the spiral organ of Corti are called ________.
hair cells
What must be stimulated in order for the sense of hearing to be transmitted to the cochlear nerve?
hair cells
What is a possible cause of conduction deafness?
inability of auditory ossicles to vibrate
The auditory ossicle called the "anvil" is also known as the ________.
incus
The pupil is an opening within the ________.
iris
What gland releases tears onto the anterior surface of the eyeball?
lacrimal
Which gland is located above the lateral end of each eye and releases tears?
lacrimal
Gland that releases tears
lacrimal gland
Which of these is located in the superior-lateral region of the orbit?
lacrimal gland
Which of these structures is part of the system that produces and drains tears?
lacrimal gland
Flexible biconvex crystal-like structure
lens
Which of these provides sensory input that helps keep the head erect?
maculae of the vestibule
Which of the following is the auditory ossicle that attaches to the tympanic membrane?
malleus (hammer)
The vibration of sound waves cause the tympanic membrane, or eardrum, to move against an ossicle known as ________.
malleus or hammer
Identify the pathway of vibrations as they travel from the tympanic membrane to the ossicles ________.
malleus, incus, stapes
An ear infection following an illness such as a cold can pass from the throat through the auditory (pharyngotympanic) tube to the ________.
middle ear
Our sense of static equilibrium is created by the ________.
movement of otoliths along hair cells
The inability to see distant objects is termed "nearsighted" or ________.
myopia
At what point do some axons leave the optic nerve and cross to the opposite side of the brain?
optic chiasma
Fibers from the medial side of each eye cross over to the opposite side of the brain at the ________.
optic chiasma
Portion of the optic nerve that lacks photoreceptor cells
optic disc
What region of the retina lacks photoreceptor cells?
optic disc (blind spot)
Select the pathway along which images received by the retina of the eye will travel into the brain ________.
optic nerve, optic chiasma, optic tracts, thalamus, optic radiation, occipital lobe
Tiny stones made of calcium salts that roll in response to changes in gravitational pull are called ________.
otoliths
What part of the retina absorbs light and prevents it from scattering inside the eye?
pigmented layer
The function of the choroid layer of the eye is to ________.
prevent light from scattering inside the eye
What is the function of the otoliths?
responding to changes in the pull of gravity and in acceleration when the body moves
Layer that contains millions of photoreceptors
retina
Which layer of the eye contains photoreceptors known as rods and cones?
retina
Which layer of the eye contains rods and cones?
retina
Which of these is part of the sensory layer of the eye?
retina
What type of photoreceptor cell allows us to see gray tones in dim light, and provides our peripheral vision?
rods
"White of the eye"
sclera
The fibrous covering of the eye consists of the white outer layer, known as the ________, and a transparent portion known as the ________.
sclera; cornea
Dynamic equilibrium receptors that detect information about angular or rotational movements of the head are housed in the ________.
semicircular canals
What part of the inner ear contains receptors for dynamic equilibrium?
semicircular canals
Which of these are oriented in the three planes of space, allowing sensation of movement in any plane?
semicircular canals
What hearing disorder arises when there is damage or degeneration of receptor cells in the spiral organ of Corti, cochlear nerve, or neurons in the auditory cortex of the brain?
sensorineural deafness
Hair cells that function as hearing receptors are located within the ________.
spiral organ of Corti
What sensation is related to sitting motionless at a desk studying your anatomy and physiology material?
static equilibrium
When Brock walked out of the dark movie theater into the bright, mid-day sun, he experienced ________.
the photopupillary reflex
Sound waves entering the external acoustic meatus (auditory canal) hit the eardrum, also known as the ________.
tympanic membrane
What membrane divides the outer ear from the middle ear?
tympanic membrane (ear drum)
Jake was struck in the head during a baseball game. Which of the following could impair the sense of hearing if damaged?
tympanic membrane (eardrum)
Static equilibrium receptors are located in the ________.
vestibule
Which cranial nerve transmits both hearing and equilibrium information to the brain?
vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII)
Which of these is associated with rods?
vision in dim light
Type of gel-like substance located in the posterior segment
vitreous humor
The gel-like substance housed in the posterior segment of the eye is the ________.
vitreous humor (body)
The gel-like substance that reinforces the eyeball and prevents it from collapsing inward is the ________.
vitreous humor (body)
Fluid-filled part of the ear
Inner ear
Location of equilibrium receptors
Inner ear
Location of otoliths
Inner ear
Location of the cochlea
Inner ear
Location of the vestibular apparatus
Inner ear
Location of ceruminous glands
Outer ear
Location of the auricle (pinna) and external acoustic meatus
Outer ear
Decreased lens elasticity associated with aging
Presbyopia
How do organs of equilibrium help us maintain our balance?
The macula sends information on head position and the crista ampullaris sends information on rotation movements to the cerebellum for integration.
An astigmatism results from unequal curvatures of the cornea or lens.
True
Conduction deafness may result from earwax buildup or the fusion of the ossicles.
True
From the optic nerve, the visual pathway continues to the optic chiasma, optic tracts, thalamus, optic radiation, and then visual interpretation occurs in the occipital lobe.
True
In order to hear sound, vibrations pass from the eardrum to the ossicles, and on to the oval window.
True
The "stirrup" is also referred to as the stapes.
True
The bony labyrinth of the internal ear consists of the cochlea, vestibule, and the semicircular canals.
True
The normal resting eye is generally "set" for distant vision.
True