human anatomy and physiology chapter 16

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______ occurs when impulses from an organ are perceived as originating from the skin. Phantom pain Referred pain

Referred pain

Which are true of rods? They provide a crisp, focused vision. There are more than 100 million rod cells per eye. They discriminate between colors. They function well in dim light. They are concentrated at the visual axis of the eye, near the center of the retina.

There are more than 100 million rod cells per eye. They function well in dim light.

Hearing and equilibrium are transmitted along which cranial nerve? VIII VI VII IX X

VIII

Receptors of the human body convert stimulus energy into ______. chemicals an electrical signal mechanical energy

an electrical signal

Tarsal glands release ______. an oily substance tears

an oily substance

What chamber is between the iris and cornea? anterior chamber posterior chamber

anterior chamber

What type of fluid is found in the anterior cavity of the eyeball? aqueous humor vitreous humor blood

aqueous humor

Gustatory cells are found in taste _______

buds

Earwax is a combination of dead skin cells and ________

cerumen

What substance, produced in the external ear, impedes microorganism growth? cerumen mucous apocrine sebum

cerumen

Gustatory cells are ______. chemoreceptors photoreceptors mechanoreceptors

chemoreceptors

Receptors that detect chemicals are called ________

chemoreceptors

The iris is continuous with the ______. choroid sclera ciliary body tarsal glands

ciliary body

What type of photoreceptors detects color? rods cones

cones

As we adjust to low light, our ______ becomes nonfunctional and it may take ______ for rhodopsin to become regenerated sufficiently so that you can see well in low-light conditions. cones; 1 hour cones; 20-30 minutes rods; 1 hour rods; 20-30 minutes

cones; 20-30 minutes

The sphincter pupillae ______ the pupil. dilates constricts

constricts

When you go from a bright light environment to a dark environment, you have a slow sensitivity to low light levels. This is called _______ _______

dark adaptation

Cutaneous receptors are a type of ______. interoceptors proprioceptors exteroceptors

exteroceptors

What type of receptor is found in the mucous membranes? proprioceptors exteroceptors interoceptors

exteroceptors

The vestibulocochlear nerve transmits ______ information. smell and taste taste and hearing hearing and equilibrium

hearing and equilibrium

Where are photoreceptors located? in the neural layer of the choroid in the pigmented layer of the choroid in the neural layer of the retina in the pigmented layer of the iris

in the neural layer of the retina

When the photoreceptors stop ______ the bipolar cells, the bipolar cells can then release their neurotransmitter that binds to receptors on the ganglion cells.

inhibiting or blocking

What structure is the dividing line between the anterior and posterior chambers? cornea iris retina

iris

Place the structures of the vascular tunic in order from anterior to posterior. ciliary body choroid iris

iris ciliary body choroid

The sclera ______. allows light to enter the eye is made of dense connective tissue is made of loose connective tissue provides for eye shape

is made of dense connective tissue provides for eye shape

Tears are created by the ________ apparatus.

lacrimal

The lacrimal apparatus produces, collects, and drains _______ fluid.

lacrimal

The process by which your eyes adjust from low light to bright light conditions is ______. light adaptation dark adaptation presbyopia astigmatism

light adaptation

The optic disc contains ______ photoreceptors. many no

no

Optic tracts ultimately are directed to the primary visual cortex in the ______ lobe. temporal occipital parietal frontal

occipital

We use the sense of ________ to sample our environment for information about the food we will eat, the presence of other individuals in the room, or potential danger.

olfaction or smell

Ganglion axons of the retina converge to form the ______ nerve.

optic

The sphincter pupillae is controlled by the ______ division of the nervous system. sympathetic parasympathetic

parasympathetic

Olfactory receptors ______. perceive sounds perceive odors perceive tastes maintain coordination and balance

perceive odors

Which are the correct names for the tube that connects the middle ear to the nasopharynx? external auditory canal pharyngotympanic tube auditory tube eustachian tube

pharyngotympanic tube auditory tube eustachian tube

In phototransduction, the _________ responds to light stimulation by changing its resting membrane potential, resulting in a change in the neurotransmitter it releases.

photoreceptor

The iris controls the size of the ______. lens eyeball pupil

pupil

The black hole in the eye is called ________ the and it is surrounded by the colorful _______.

pupil iris

Which events occur during bright light adaptation? pupils constrict pupils dilate cones become inactive rods become inactive cones gradually adjust

pupils constrict rods become inactive cones gradually adjust

Most of the eye is ______ the orbit of the skull. exterior to receded into

receded into

The lens is ______ when we are viewing close-up objects. flattened rounded

rounded

What structure is the "white" of the eye? iris cornea sclera conjunctiva choroid

sclera

Which are a part of the fibrous tunic? sclera iris cornea

sclera cornea

Tarsal glands are ______. sebaceous glands apocrine glands eccrine glands

sebaceous glands

Receptors for general senses are usually ______. simple in structure complex in structure found in specialized sensory organs

simple in structure

Receptors for general senses are distributed throughout the ______ and viscera. ears bones skin eyes

skin

Localization and sensitivity are easily determined in a ______ receptive field. small large

small

Optic tracts extend to which structures after they leave the optic chiasm? superior colliculi the medial geniculate nucleus of the hypothalamus the lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus inferior colliculi

superior colliculi the lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus

Mechanoreceptors located in the skin and mucous membranes are called ______ receptors. visceral tactile chemical

tactile

A flattened dendritic disc is a type of unencapsulated receptor called a ______. tactile disc free nerve ending root hair plexus

tactile disc

The middle and inner ear are in which bone? temporal bone occipital bone ethmoid bone sphenoid bone

temporal bone

A feature common to all receptors is ______. the ability to respond to a stimulus they are always unicellular they are found on tips of axons they are found in specialized sense organs

the ability to respond to a stimulus

Somatic receptors are found within ______. the body wall internal organs viscera blood vessels

the body wall

What type of papillae is largest and least numerous? vallate fungiform filiform foliate

vallate

The conjunctiva is ______. avascular vascular

vascular

Which is an accessory structure of the eye? eyebrow lens iris pupil

eyebrow

The primary function of the ______ is to prevent large objects from contacting the eye eyelashes eyebrows tarsal glands

eyelashes

Palpebrae are more commonly called ______. eyeballs eyelashes eyelids eyebrows

eyelids

True or false: The eye is spherical, measuring about 5 centimeters in diameter, and most of it is receded into the orbit of the skull.

false

The external layer of the eyeball is the ______ tunic. nervous fibrous vascular

fibrous

Which are the types of papillae? villiform filiform fungiform foliate vallate

filiform fungiform foliate vallate

The lens is ______ when we are viewing faraway objects. flattened rounded

flattened

The segment of each photoreceptor that contains organelles for the cell such as mitochondria is the ________ segment.

inner

The segment of the photoreceptors that connects directly to the cell body is the ________ segment.

inner

The fat surrounding the eye is called _______ fat.

orbital

The cornea is ______. transparent opaque

transparent

Which layer of the eye contains the blood and lymph vessels? fibrous tunic retina vascular tunic

vascular tunic

The most visible part of the external ear is called the _______ or _________

auricle pinna

The limbus is the junction between the sclera and the ______. cornea iris retina choroid

cornea

The optic disc is associated with ______. cranial nerve II cranial nerve IV cranial nerve I cranial nerve III

cranial nerve II

The palpebral conjunctiva ______. in on the anterior surface of the eyeball lines the internal surface of the eyelid

lines the internal surface of the eyelid

Tactile receptors are a type of ______. thermoreceptor chemoreceptor mechanoreceptor nociceptor

mechanoreceptor

Place the structures of CN II in order from anterior to posterior. optic chiasm optic nerve optic tract

optic nerve optic chiasm optic tract

The segment of each photoreceptor that is composed of hundreds of discs containing photopigments that are capable of absorbing light energy is the ________ segment.

outer

If stimulated over a period of time, ________ receptors lose eventually sensitivity.

phasic

What type of receptor can undergo adaptation? phasic tonic

phasic

The process by which photoreceptors become activated when the photopigments are altered by light entering the eye is ______. phototransduction light refraction wave summation photo bleaching

phototransduction

Each type of photoreceptor has both an outer segment that extends into the _______ layer of the retina and an inner segment.

pigmented

Aqueous humor is secreted into the ______ chamber before traveling to the _______ chamber of the eye.

posterior anterior

The area that a receptor cell gathers information from is called the ______. tonic receptor stimulus receptive field phasic receptor

receptive field

Gustation is the sense of ________

taste

The external acoustic meatus terminates at the ___________ membrane, which is most commonly called the eardrum.

tympanic

Stretch receptors in the stomach would be classified as what type? somatic sensory visceral motor somatic motor visceral sensory

visceral sensory

In the eye, the _______ humor is gelatinous.

vitreous

The posterior cavity contains the ______ humor. vitreous scleral

vitreous

The fovea centralis lies ______ the macula lutea. within next to across from

within

What color is the macula lutea? yellow green red

yellow

What type of receptor detects molecules dissolved in fluid? nociceptors baroreceptors thermoreceptors chemoreceptors

chemoreceptors

Otitis media is more common in ______. adults children

children

What structure is filled with pigment from melanocytes? choroid sclera cornea pupil

choroid

Which structure of the eye absorbs light to prevent it from scattering within the eye? lens choroid retina ciliary body

choroid

Light rays are refracted or bent when they pass through two media of different ______. molarities densities colors solubilities

densities

The tympanic membrane is more commonly called the ______. pinna throat ear drum eustachian tube

ear drum

The auricle has _______ cartilage that supports its structure.

elastic

When the bipolar cells release their neurotransmitter, the ________ cells propagate a nerve signal along the _______ nerve

ganglion optic

Interoceptors detect stimuli from the body's ______ environment. internal external

internal

The retina is the ______ layer of the eye wall. middle internal external

internal

What type of receptor is found in the smooth muscle of organs? interoceptors proprioceptors exteroceptors

interoceptors

The area that a receptor cell gathers information from is called the ______.. phasic receptor stimulus receptive field tonic receptor

receptive field

Some individuals experience pain in their left shoulder during a heart attack. This is an example of ______. referred pain phantom pain

referred pain


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