human anatomy and physiology chapter 16
______ occurs when impulses from an organ are perceived as originating from the skin. Phantom pain Referred pain
Referred pain
Which are true of rods? They provide a crisp, focused vision. There are more than 100 million rod cells per eye. They discriminate between colors. They function well in dim light. They are concentrated at the visual axis of the eye, near the center of the retina.
There are more than 100 million rod cells per eye. They function well in dim light.
Hearing and equilibrium are transmitted along which cranial nerve? VIII VI VII IX X
VIII
Receptors of the human body convert stimulus energy into ______. chemicals an electrical signal mechanical energy
an electrical signal
Tarsal glands release ______. an oily substance tears
an oily substance
What chamber is between the iris and cornea? anterior chamber posterior chamber
anterior chamber
What type of fluid is found in the anterior cavity of the eyeball? aqueous humor vitreous humor blood
aqueous humor
Gustatory cells are found in taste _______
buds
Earwax is a combination of dead skin cells and ________
cerumen
What substance, produced in the external ear, impedes microorganism growth? cerumen mucous apocrine sebum
cerumen
Gustatory cells are ______. chemoreceptors photoreceptors mechanoreceptors
chemoreceptors
Receptors that detect chemicals are called ________
chemoreceptors
The iris is continuous with the ______. choroid sclera ciliary body tarsal glands
ciliary body
What type of photoreceptors detects color? rods cones
cones
As we adjust to low light, our ______ becomes nonfunctional and it may take ______ for rhodopsin to become regenerated sufficiently so that you can see well in low-light conditions. cones; 1 hour cones; 20-30 minutes rods; 1 hour rods; 20-30 minutes
cones; 20-30 minutes
The sphincter pupillae ______ the pupil. dilates constricts
constricts
When you go from a bright light environment to a dark environment, you have a slow sensitivity to low light levels. This is called _______ _______
dark adaptation
Cutaneous receptors are a type of ______. interoceptors proprioceptors exteroceptors
exteroceptors
What type of receptor is found in the mucous membranes? proprioceptors exteroceptors interoceptors
exteroceptors
The vestibulocochlear nerve transmits ______ information. smell and taste taste and hearing hearing and equilibrium
hearing and equilibrium
Where are photoreceptors located? in the neural layer of the choroid in the pigmented layer of the choroid in the neural layer of the retina in the pigmented layer of the iris
in the neural layer of the retina
When the photoreceptors stop ______ the bipolar cells, the bipolar cells can then release their neurotransmitter that binds to receptors on the ganglion cells.
inhibiting or blocking
What structure is the dividing line between the anterior and posterior chambers? cornea iris retina
iris
Place the structures of the vascular tunic in order from anterior to posterior. ciliary body choroid iris
iris ciliary body choroid
The sclera ______. allows light to enter the eye is made of dense connective tissue is made of loose connective tissue provides for eye shape
is made of dense connective tissue provides for eye shape
Tears are created by the ________ apparatus.
lacrimal
The lacrimal apparatus produces, collects, and drains _______ fluid.
lacrimal
The process by which your eyes adjust from low light to bright light conditions is ______. light adaptation dark adaptation presbyopia astigmatism
light adaptation
The optic disc contains ______ photoreceptors. many no
no
Optic tracts ultimately are directed to the primary visual cortex in the ______ lobe. temporal occipital parietal frontal
occipital
We use the sense of ________ to sample our environment for information about the food we will eat, the presence of other individuals in the room, or potential danger.
olfaction or smell
Ganglion axons of the retina converge to form the ______ nerve.
optic
The sphincter pupillae is controlled by the ______ division of the nervous system. sympathetic parasympathetic
parasympathetic
Olfactory receptors ______. perceive sounds perceive odors perceive tastes maintain coordination and balance
perceive odors
Which are the correct names for the tube that connects the middle ear to the nasopharynx? external auditory canal pharyngotympanic tube auditory tube eustachian tube
pharyngotympanic tube auditory tube eustachian tube
In phototransduction, the _________ responds to light stimulation by changing its resting membrane potential, resulting in a change in the neurotransmitter it releases.
photoreceptor
The iris controls the size of the ______. lens eyeball pupil
pupil
The black hole in the eye is called ________ the and it is surrounded by the colorful _______.
pupil iris
Which events occur during bright light adaptation? pupils constrict pupils dilate cones become inactive rods become inactive cones gradually adjust
pupils constrict rods become inactive cones gradually adjust
Most of the eye is ______ the orbit of the skull. exterior to receded into
receded into
The lens is ______ when we are viewing close-up objects. flattened rounded
rounded
What structure is the "white" of the eye? iris cornea sclera conjunctiva choroid
sclera
Which are a part of the fibrous tunic? sclera iris cornea
sclera cornea
Tarsal glands are ______. sebaceous glands apocrine glands eccrine glands
sebaceous glands
Receptors for general senses are usually ______. simple in structure complex in structure found in specialized sensory organs
simple in structure
Receptors for general senses are distributed throughout the ______ and viscera. ears bones skin eyes
skin
Localization and sensitivity are easily determined in a ______ receptive field. small large
small
Optic tracts extend to which structures after they leave the optic chiasm? superior colliculi the medial geniculate nucleus of the hypothalamus the lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus inferior colliculi
superior colliculi the lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus
Mechanoreceptors located in the skin and mucous membranes are called ______ receptors. visceral tactile chemical
tactile
A flattened dendritic disc is a type of unencapsulated receptor called a ______. tactile disc free nerve ending root hair plexus
tactile disc
The middle and inner ear are in which bone? temporal bone occipital bone ethmoid bone sphenoid bone
temporal bone
A feature common to all receptors is ______. the ability to respond to a stimulus they are always unicellular they are found on tips of axons they are found in specialized sense organs
the ability to respond to a stimulus
Somatic receptors are found within ______. the body wall internal organs viscera blood vessels
the body wall
What type of papillae is largest and least numerous? vallate fungiform filiform foliate
vallate
The conjunctiva is ______. avascular vascular
vascular
Which is an accessory structure of the eye? eyebrow lens iris pupil
eyebrow
The primary function of the ______ is to prevent large objects from contacting the eye eyelashes eyebrows tarsal glands
eyelashes
Palpebrae are more commonly called ______. eyeballs eyelashes eyelids eyebrows
eyelids
True or false: The eye is spherical, measuring about 5 centimeters in diameter, and most of it is receded into the orbit of the skull.
false
The external layer of the eyeball is the ______ tunic. nervous fibrous vascular
fibrous
Which are the types of papillae? villiform filiform fungiform foliate vallate
filiform fungiform foliate vallate
The lens is ______ when we are viewing faraway objects. flattened rounded
flattened
The segment of each photoreceptor that contains organelles for the cell such as mitochondria is the ________ segment.
inner
The segment of the photoreceptors that connects directly to the cell body is the ________ segment.
inner
The fat surrounding the eye is called _______ fat.
orbital
The cornea is ______. transparent opaque
transparent
Which layer of the eye contains the blood and lymph vessels? fibrous tunic retina vascular tunic
vascular tunic
The most visible part of the external ear is called the _______ or _________
auricle pinna
The limbus is the junction between the sclera and the ______. cornea iris retina choroid
cornea
The optic disc is associated with ______. cranial nerve II cranial nerve IV cranial nerve I cranial nerve III
cranial nerve II
The palpebral conjunctiva ______. in on the anterior surface of the eyeball lines the internal surface of the eyelid
lines the internal surface of the eyelid
Tactile receptors are a type of ______. thermoreceptor chemoreceptor mechanoreceptor nociceptor
mechanoreceptor
Place the structures of CN II in order from anterior to posterior. optic chiasm optic nerve optic tract
optic nerve optic chiasm optic tract
The segment of each photoreceptor that is composed of hundreds of discs containing photopigments that are capable of absorbing light energy is the ________ segment.
outer
If stimulated over a period of time, ________ receptors lose eventually sensitivity.
phasic
What type of receptor can undergo adaptation? phasic tonic
phasic
The process by which photoreceptors become activated when the photopigments are altered by light entering the eye is ______. phototransduction light refraction wave summation photo bleaching
phototransduction
Each type of photoreceptor has both an outer segment that extends into the _______ layer of the retina and an inner segment.
pigmented
Aqueous humor is secreted into the ______ chamber before traveling to the _______ chamber of the eye.
posterior anterior
The area that a receptor cell gathers information from is called the ______. tonic receptor stimulus receptive field phasic receptor
receptive field
Gustation is the sense of ________
taste
The external acoustic meatus terminates at the ___________ membrane, which is most commonly called the eardrum.
tympanic
Stretch receptors in the stomach would be classified as what type? somatic sensory visceral motor somatic motor visceral sensory
visceral sensory
In the eye, the _______ humor is gelatinous.
vitreous
The posterior cavity contains the ______ humor. vitreous scleral
vitreous
The fovea centralis lies ______ the macula lutea. within next to across from
within
What color is the macula lutea? yellow green red
yellow
What type of receptor detects molecules dissolved in fluid? nociceptors baroreceptors thermoreceptors chemoreceptors
chemoreceptors
Otitis media is more common in ______. adults children
children
What structure is filled with pigment from melanocytes? choroid sclera cornea pupil
choroid
Which structure of the eye absorbs light to prevent it from scattering within the eye? lens choroid retina ciliary body
choroid
Light rays are refracted or bent when they pass through two media of different ______. molarities densities colors solubilities
densities
The tympanic membrane is more commonly called the ______. pinna throat ear drum eustachian tube
ear drum
The auricle has _______ cartilage that supports its structure.
elastic
When the bipolar cells release their neurotransmitter, the ________ cells propagate a nerve signal along the _______ nerve
ganglion optic
Interoceptors detect stimuli from the body's ______ environment. internal external
internal
The retina is the ______ layer of the eye wall. middle internal external
internal
What type of receptor is found in the smooth muscle of organs? interoceptors proprioceptors exteroceptors
interoceptors
The area that a receptor cell gathers information from is called the ______.. phasic receptor stimulus receptive field tonic receptor
receptive field
Some individuals experience pain in their left shoulder during a heart attack. This is an example of ______. referred pain phantom pain
referred pain
