Human Anatomy Final

The "top" of the foot (what you see when looking down at your foot) is referred to anatomically as the ________ aspect of the foot. Entry field with correct answer posterior anterior plantar dorsal

dorsal

Which type of cell junction is analogous to a "spot weld" that attaches the basal surface of deep epithelial cells to the basement membrane? a. adherens junctions b. desmosomes c. gap junctions d. hemidesmosomes e. tight junctions

d. hemidesmosomes

The meninges line which of the following body cavities?

Vertebral (Spinal) Cavity

The four basic types of tissues in the body are

connective, muscle, nervous, epithelial

The cephalic region refers to the

Head

When does meiosis 2 completed?

After fertilization takes place

When a person is standing, facing forward, arms to the side with palms facing forward, they are in the _______.

Anatomical

When is meiosis 1 completed for oogenesis?

At puberty

All of the following characteristics of life are important processes of humans EXCEPT • Metabolism • Growth • Differentiation • Cell wall formation

Cell wall formation

When are primary oocytes produced?

During Fetal Development

When the human body is in the anatomical position, the palm of the hand faces:

Forward

What are squamous epithelial cells surrounding the primary oocyte called?

Primordial Follicle

Anatomy focuses on the __________________ of the human body.

Structure

Gastrulation occurs about ______ days after fertilization. Entry field with correct answer 7 15 25 30

15

The anatomical structures that make up the prominent projection on the anterior part of the neck known as the "Adam's apple" include 1. sternocleidomastiod 2. clavicle 3. thyroid cartilage 4. larynx Entry field with correct answer 1 only 2 only 3 only 4 only 3 and 4

3 and 4

The transformation of a single fertilized human egg cell into a unique individual is a good example of what human life process?

Differentiation

What is the ovarian cycle regulated by?

FSH and LH

What are mature, motile spermatozoan called?

Spermatocyte

What is the final stage of spermatogenesis; maturation called?

Spermeogenesis

The mastoid process can be palpated just posterior to the: Entry field with correct answer auricle philtrum triangle of auscultation hyoid bone ala of the nose

auricle

All symphyses are located in the Entry field with correct answer axial skeleton appendicular skeleton vertebral column thoracic cavity

axial skeleton

Which lymph nodes drain the mammary glands? Entry field with correct answer submandibular nodes tracheal nodes axillary nodes popliteal nodes

axillary nodes

Which of the following structures actually implants into the endometrium of the uterus? • blastocyst • morula • zygote • all of these choices • none of these choices

blastocyst

ll connective tissues have an extracellular matrix (material between the cells). Which connective tissue's matrix is fluid? Entry field with correct answer blood bone reticular areolar

blood

What change(s) occur in the lymphatic system with advancing age? • T Cells become less responsive to antigens • increased responsiveness of B Cells • decreased production of autoantibodies • rapid increase in antibody levels with infection

T Cells become less responsive to antigens

Which of the following is the name for the structural organizational unit of compact bone? • Osteon • Canaliculus • Cancellous bone • Trabeculae Reticulum

Osteon

Which of the following statements about the layers of the skin is TRUE? Entry field with correct answer The dermis is composed primarily of connective tissue and the epidermis is composed primarily of epithelium. The epidermis is deeper than the dermis. Skin color is mainly due to cells located in the upper part of the dermis; the cells of the epidermis are colorless. The epidermis is located between the dermis and the hypodermis. The epidermis is rich in blood vessels; the dermis is avascular.

The dermis is composed primarily of connective tissue and the epidermis is composed primarily of epithelium.

Red blood cells and white blood cells are directly involved in which two functions of blood? • Protection and regulation • Regulation and transportation • Transportation and protection

Transportation and protection

Which anatomical plane divides the body into top and bottom "halves"?

Transverse

Aidan was building a wooden fort in his backyard. He stepped on a sharp nail that pierced through his shoe into the bottom of his foot. What portion of his foot was injured?

Plantar

The names of the serous membranes that cover the lungs, the heart, and abdominal cavity are ________, respectively.

Pleura, pericardium, peritoneum

Which of the planes that divide the body are vertical?

Sagittal

Which of the following is FALSE regarding the location of the heart? Entry field with correct answer The heart is located within the mediastinum. The apex of the heart rests on the diaphragm. The heart is located between the sternum and the vertebral column. About two thirds of the heart's mass lies to the left of the body's midline. The base of the heart rests on the diaphragm

The base of the heart rests on the diaphragm

Apocrine glands are a special type of sweat gland that _______. • release excessive sweat as compared to normal sweat glands and are actually endocrine glands • are found mainly in the axilla, groin, areolae, and bearded regions of the adult male face • release a waxy substance that helps lubricate hair and trap foreign particles and microbes • more than one answer is correct • none of the choices are correc

are found mainly in the axilla, groin, areolae, and bearded regions of the adult male face

Which of the following differentiates cardiac muscle tissue from skeletal muscle tissue? • cardiac muscle is autorhythmic • cardiac muscle fibers are shorter in length • cardiac muscle fibers are branching • all choices are correct

all choices are correct

The components of the lymphatic system include Entry field with correct answer lymph lymphatic vessels red bone marrow all of the choices are correct

all of the choices are correct

What changes occur in the lymphatic system with advancing age? Entry field with correct answer responses to vaccines decreases increased production of autoantibodies decreased T cell production all of the choices are correct

all of the choices are correct

What overall changes in the digestive system appear with age? Entry field with correct answer decreased secretory mechanisms decreased motility of the digestive organs diminished response to pain and internal sensations all of these choices

all of these choices

The development of the endocrine system in the embryo is normally from this/these layer(s). Entry field with correct answer ectoderm mesoderm endoderm all of these layers chorionic and amnionic

all of these layers

Which condition is described as having a low number of hemoglobin molecules? Entry field with correct answer anemia sickle-cell disease hemophilia leukemia

anemia

Which fontanel is the largest and is located at the midline between the parietal bones and the frontal bone? Entry field with correct answer anterior fontanel posterior fontanel anterolateral fontanel posterolateral fontanel frontal fontanel

anterior fontanel

Which region of the spinal cord contains clusters of cell bodies of somatic motor neurons? Entry field with correct answer anterior gray horn lateral gray horn posterior gray horn anterior white column

anterior gray horn

The stage of a secondary follicle begins with formation of the ____________________________. Entry field with correct answer granulosa cells corona radiata antrum zona pellucida theca folliculi

antrum

Which of the following layers of the epidermis is essentially lacking in thin skin, but is thick on the anterior surface of the hands and fingers and on the soles of the feet? Entry field with correct answer stratum granulosum stratum basale stratum spinosum stratum lucidum stratum corneum

stratum lucidum

Which enteric system plexus innervates the mucosa and submucosa of the gastrointestinal tract? Entry field with correct answer myenteric solar brachial submucosal

submucosal

This type of gland is important for evaporative cooling and is prominent on the palms of the hand and soles of the feet. Entry field with correct answer ceruminous glands sebaceous glands sudoriferous glands more than one of these choices

sudoriferous glands

In the figure shown, which of the following is just anterior to the tragus? Entry field with correct answer external auditory canal mastoid process palpebral fissure superficial temporal artery triangular fossa

superficial temporal artery

Which of the following correctly lists the flow of deoxygenated blood through the heart? • superior and inferior vena cava; right atrium; bicuspid valve; right ventricle; pulmonary vein • superior and inferior vena cava; right ventricle; bicuspid valve, right atrium; pulmonary artery • superior and inferior vena cava; right atrium; tricuspid valve; right ventricle; pulmonary artery • superior and inferior vena cava; right atrium; pulmonary valve; right ventricle; pulmonary vein

superior and inferior vena cava; right atrium; tricuspid valve; right ventricle; pulmonary artery

Propranolol is a beta blocker that affects hypertension. Which division does it impact the most? Entry field with correct answer sympathetic parasympathetic both sympathetic and parasympathetic somatic none of these

sympathetic

Which type of joint is composed of fibrocartilage? Entry field with correct answer symphyses synchondroses epiphyses two of the choices are correct

symphyses

__________ and _______________ are the two types of cartilaginous joints. Entry field with correct answer synarthroses; amphyarthroses synchondroses, symphyses sutures; syndesmoses labra; synarthroses

synchondroses, symphyses

If a cell lacked ribosomes, it would NOT be able to

synthesize proteins

The hepatic portal circulation is a subset of the: Entry field with correct answer pulmonary circulation. coronary circulation. systemic circulation. cerebral circulation. none of these choices.

systemic circulation.

Which of the following respond to touch sensations? Entry field with correct answer keratinocytes Langerhans cells melanocytes tactile epithelial cells

tactile epithelial cells

he cheekbone is comprised of two skull bones. They are the ___________ and ______________ ______________. Entry field with correct answer temporal, mandibular bones parietal, frontal bones maxilla, palatine bones temporal, zygomatic bones

temporal, zygomatic bones

Which conclusion would be correct based on the observation that the number of nephrons in a 25 yr. old male is the same as when that individual was 5 years old? Entry field with correct answer the individual has had no kidney damage between 5 years and 25 years of age the individual has had significant kidney damage at some point between 5 years and 25 years of age the individual's kidneys are improving their function even as the kidney continues to age the individual's kidneys are likely receiving reduced blow flow which prevents the nephrons from growing in number

the individual has had no kidney damage between 5 years and 25 years of age

. A difference between veins and arteries is a. arteries have valves; veins do not • arteries have three layers (tunics); veins have only two layers (tunics) • venous blood is under more pressure than is arterial blood • arteries have their own blood supply (vasa vasorum); veins do not • the tunica interna (intima) and tunica media are thinner in veins than in arteries

the tunica interna (intima) and tunica media are thinner in veins than in arteries

How are the three types of fibrous joints similar? Entry field with correct answer they are composed of dense irregular connective tissue they are composed of cartilage they contain synovial cavities they contain synovial fluids

they are composed of dense irregular connective tissue

Which is a function of lymph nodes? Entry field with correct answer they filter lymph they remove plasma cells from lymph they destroy non-functional T cells they regulate the flow of lymph

they filter lymph

How do lymphatic vessels differ in structure from veins? Entry field with correct answer they have thinner walls and more valves they are longer and follow nerves they have skeletal muscle in their walls they lack epithelial tissue on the inner layer

they have thinner walls and more valves

Information or impulses are transmitted from the thalamus to the primary somatosensory area of the cortex by the _________________ neurons. Entry field with correct answer first order alpha second order gamma third order

third order

n the figure shown, which normal curve of the vertebral column is indicated? Entry field with correct answer coccygeal curve lumbar curve cervical curve thoracic curve lumbar curve

thoracic curve

In the figure shown, which vessel is indicated? HINT: This vessel drains the majority of lymph from the body. Entry field with correct answer thoracic duct right lymphatic duct right bronchomediastinal trunk left bronchomediastinal trunk left subclavian trunk

thoracic duct

Which of the following is NOT a secondary lymphatic tissue/organ? Entry field with correct answer spleen lymph node aggregated lymphatic follicle (Peyer's patch) tonsil thymus

thymus

Which of the following is an endocrine gland? cells of pancreatic acini which secrete digestive enzymes parietal cells in the stomach which secrete hydrochloric acid salivary glands which secrete saliva sudoriferous glands which secrete sweat thyroid gland which secretes thyroid hormones

thyroid gland which secretes thyroid hormones

Which of the following is an endocrine gland that would be under the control of the Enteric Nervous System (ENS)? • adipocytes • goblet cells • salivary glands which secrete saliva • sudoriferous glands which secrete sweat • pancreatic glands that secrete hormones, such as insulin and glucagon

pancreatic glands that secrete hormones, such as insulin and glucagon

A kidney can have up to 1 million nephrons, the functional unit of the kidneys. The filtrate that is produced by a series of processes, including filtration, reabsorption and secretion eventually empties from many nephrons into a series of ducts, cup-like structures and eventually into a single cavity called the renal pelvis. Which of these structures would be the least abundant but still contain filtrate rather than urine? Entry field with correct answer papillary ducts collecting ducts minor calyxes major calyxes

papillary ducts

Which of these cell types would you not find in intestinal glands of the small intestines (crypts of Lieberkühn)? Entry field with correct answer goblet cells parietal cells paneth cell absorptive cell

parietal cells

Which major salivary gland is located inferior and anterior to the ears, between the skin and the masseter muscle? Entry field with correct answer parotid submandibular maxillary sublingual

parotid

Epithelial cells of the proximal convoluted tubules are attached to each other by way of which junctions? Entry field with correct answer gap tight desmosomes adherens

tight

Which type of cell junction, shown in the figure, retards the passage of substances between cells?

tight junctions

The major effect of exercise upon respiration is ______________. Entry field with correct answer to slow down the rate of breathing to close the glottis to keep out excess saliva to open the mouth to double the intake of air to close down the bronchioles to aid air uptake to increase the depth and rate or breathing

to increase the depth and rate or breathing

The cells of a zygote and an embryo through the morula stage of development are __________. Entry field with correct answer totipotent stem cells pluripotent stem cells multipotent stem cells

totipotent stem cells

Extensions of the thymus capsule called _____ penetrate inward dividing each lobe of the gland into lobules. • trabeculae • white pulp • red pulp • lacteals

trabeculae

Which lymph nodes drain the bronchi? Entry field with correct answer submandibular nodes tracheal nodes axillary nodes popliteal nodes

tracheal nodes

Which of the following is true of the SA node? 1. It stands for septal artery 2. it stands for Sino-atrial 3. it is the natural pacemaker of the heart 4. it is an important valve in the heart • 1 only • 2 only • 3 only • 4 only • 2 and 3

• 2 and 3

Which of the following terms refers to a covering of connective tissue that surrounds (most of) the bones external surface? Entry field with correct answer articular cartilage endosteum epiphyses metaphyses periosteum

periosteum

Which of the following terms refers to a covering of connective, membranous tissue that surrounds (most of) the bone's external surface? • articular cartilage • endosteum • epiphyses • metaphyses • periosteum

periosteum

What lymph nodes are located in the popliteal fossa? Entry field with correct answer submandibular nodes tracheal nodes axillary nodes popliteal nodes

popliteal nodes

Injury to this nerve, even from an intramuscular injection, could cause wrist drop. What is the name of this injured nerve? Entry field with correct answer radial ulnar median sciatic tibial

radial

Susceptibility is the lack of Entry field with correct answer resistance pathogens lymph antibiotics

resistance

Aging is characterized by the body's declining ability to

restore homeostasis

Aging is characterized by the body's declining ability to • restore homeostasis • remain flexible • remain mobile • resist fatigue

restore homeostasis

The right lymphatic duct drains lymph into the bloodstream at the junction of the right internal jugular vein and the _____. • right bronchomediastinal vein • superior vena cava • right brachiocephalic vein • right subclavian vein

right subclavian vein

The four major categories of movements that occur at synovial joints include gliding, angular movements, special movements, and Entry field with correct answer rotations abductions adductions flexions

rotations

Excessive secretion from which of the following would make hair oily? Entry field with correct answer apocrine sweat glands ceruminous glands eccrine sweat glands sebaceous glands sudoriferous glands

sebaceous glands

Which describes a factor associated with aging of the skin? • collagen fibers in the dermis break • elastic fibers in the epidermis lose their elasticity • protein fibers double in their quantity from the age of 40 to 60 • fibroblast multiply and outnumber keratinocytes

• collagen fibers in the dermis break

The four fundamental types of tissues in the body are • skeletal, muscular, epithelial, nervous • connective, muscle, nervous, epithelial • vascular, nervous, epithelial, connective • muscle, nervous, skeletal, connective

• connective, muscle, nervous, epithelial

The transformation of a single fertilized human egg cell into a unique individual is a good example of what human life process? • metabolism • responsiveness • differentiation • movement

• differentiation

Which two muscles provide a good example of an "antagonistic pair"? • biceps brachii and brachialis • semitendinosus and semimembranosus • vastus medialis and vastus lateralis • fibularis (peroneus) longus and tibialis anterior

• fibularis (peroneus) longus and tibialis anterior

Which of the following is TRUE of thick skin? • contains sebaceous glands • present on the face • dermal papillae are fewer in number and less well organized • lacks arrector pili muscles • lacks epidermal ridges

• lacks arrector pili muscles

Which of the following are constituents of plasma? • red blood cells • proteins • dissolved substances • glucose • more than one of the above

• more than one of the above

15. Which of the following type of white blood cells are involved in phagocytosis? 1. macrophage 2. basophil 3. neutrophil • 1 only • 2 only • 3 only • all of these choices • only 1 and 3

• only 1 and 3

Which of the following is an endocrine gland? • cells of pancreatic acini which secrete digestive enzymes • parietal cells in the stomach which secrete hydrochloric acid • salivary glands which secrete saliva • sudoriferous glands which secrete sweat • thyroid gland which secretes thyroid hormones

• thyroid gland which secretes thyroid hormones

Oxygen and nutrients are carried from the placenta into the fetus by the: • chorionic villi • umbilical arteries • allantois • umbilical vein • lacunae

• umbilical vein

The four lymph sacs from which lymphatic vessels develop include the jugular, retroperitoneal, and Entry field with correct answer cisterna chili thoracic duct parietal visceral

cisterna chili

The thoracic (left lymphatic) duct begins as a dilated collection area called the _____. • intestinal plexus • hemiazygos trunk • cisterna chyli • thoracic ampulla

cisterna chyli

A morula is formed by which of the following? Entry field with correct answer cleavage capacitation gastrulation implantation induction

cleavage

Tensile strength and flexibility of bone is provided by what type of extracellular matrix fiber? Entry field with correct answer mineral salts elastin collagen articular

collagen

Tensile strength and flexibility of bone is provided by what type of extracellular matrix fiber? Additionally, these fibers provide the proteinaceous foundational materials for basement membranes as well as extracellular matrix material for many connective tissues, especially bone. • mineral salts • elastin • collagen • articular • hydroxyapatite

collagen

Which describes a factor associated with aging of the skin? Entry field with correct answer collagen fibers in the dermis break elastic fibers in the epidermis lose their elasticity protein fibers double in their quantity from the age of 40 to 60 fibroblast multiply and outnumber keratinocytes

collagen fibers in the dermis break

If you followed the path of light rays coming into the eye all the way to the retina, which is the correct order of cells the light rays would come into contact with? Entry field with correct answer rods and cones, bipolar cells, ganglion cells bipolar cells, rods and cones, ganglion cells ganglion cells, bipolar cells, rods and cones rods and cones, ganglion cells, bipolar cells

ganglion cells, bipolar cells, rods and cones

Adjacent cardiac muscle cells need to communicate with each other extremely quickly. Which type of cell junction would best help accomplish this? Entry field with correct answer tight junction adherens junction desmosomes gap junctions

gap junctions

Which of the following types of cell junctions allow communication between cells?

gap junctions

In the figure shown, the three primary germ layers are formed in the process of: cleavage. capacitation. gastrulation. neurulation. induction

gastrulation

The three primary germ layers are formed in the process of: • cleavage. • capacitation. • gastrulation. • neurulation. • induction.

gastrulation

Which stage of embryonic development is demonstrated in the figure below? Entry field with correct answer gastrulation development of chorion neurulation development of somites

gastrulation

A buildup of intraocular fluid pressure may result in the loss of peripheral vision called ____________________. Entry field with correct answer ptosis glaucoma vertigo ageusia miosis

glaucoma

Which structure of the scapula articulates (forms a joint) with the head of the humerus? Entry field with correct answer scapular notch lateral (axillary) border coracoid process glenoid cavity acromion

glenoid cavity

The simple movement that occurs when flat bone surfaces move from side-to-side and back-and-forth are Entry field with correct answer gliding movements angular movements flexions extensions

gliding movements

Which of the following is NOT an organelle?endoplasmic reticulum golgi complex glycogen granule lysosome mitochondrion

glycogen granule

What is the name of this portion of the spinal cord? It is primarily made up of: • gray matter / myelinated axons b. white matter / interneurons c. white matter / myelinated axons d. gray matter / unmyelinated axons, cell bodies and neuroglial cells e. pia mater / connective tiss

gray matter / unmyelinated axons, cell bodies and neuroglial cells

In lab you examine a nervous system tissue slide and identify satellite cells around unipolar neuron cell bodies. Which of the following classifications would be correct? Entry field with correct answer gray matter ganglion of PNS gray matter nucleus of CNS whiter matter tract of PNS white matter nerve of CNS

gray matter ganglion of PNS

What trophoblast hormone is detected in early pregnancy tests? Entry field with correct answer leutinizing hormone (LH) human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) estrogen

human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)

What trophoblast hormone is detected in early pregnancy tests? • leutinizing hormone (LH) • human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) • follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) • estrogen

human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)

Which is NOT a hormone of the anterior pituitary gland. Entry field with correct answer prolactin (PRI) follicle-stimulating (FSH) human growth (HGH) human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) thyroid-stimulating (TSH)

human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)

Sites of hemopoiesis in the adult include all of the following EXCEPT: • liver. • sternum. • head of humerus. • head of femur.

liver.

Blood transports all of the following except Entry field with correct answer oxygen carbon dioxide hormones lymph

lymph

Excess interstitial fluid is called ______________ and has a similar composition to: • lymph / blood plasma b. plasma / the cytosol of cells c. lymph / the cytosol of cells d. serous plasma / blood plasma e. serous fluid / plasma

lymph / blood plasma

The scientific study of muscles is known as Entry field with correct answer kinesiology rheumatology myology otolaryngology

myology

The H zone is comprised of • myosin only • actin only • actin and myosin • troponin and tropomyosin

myosin only

Which of the following is responsible for nail growth? Entry field with correct answer cuticle lunula nail matrix nail root all of these choices

nail matrix

Which region of the pharynx is involved with equalizing the pressure within the middle ear (popping your ears)? Entry field with correct answer oropharynx nasopharynx laryngopharynx none of these choices

nasopharynx

Which type of tissue detects changes in a variety of conditions inside and outside the body? Entry field with correct answer connective epithelial muscular nervous

nervous

Muscle action potentials arise at the synapse between somatic motor neurons and skeletal muscle fibers known as the Entry field with correct answer neuromuscular junction. sarcomere. synaptic end bulb. axon terminal.

neuromuscular junction.

Levels of which granular leukocyte are increased immediately following a tissue injury? • neutrophils • erythrocytes • thrombocytes • monocytes

neutrophils

This neurotransmitter is a simple gas and has been suggested to play a role in learning and memory. What is it called? Entry field with correct answer acetylcholine nitric oxide glycine norepinephrine gamma aminobutyric acid

nitric oxide

Most older individuals have problems with frequent night urination called ____________. Entry field with correct answer nocturnal enuresis cystocele azotemia nocturia polyuria

nocturia

hich of the following is NOT associated with the ethmoid bone? Entry field with correct answer superior nasal concha middle nasal concha sella turcica crista galli

sella turcica

The damage to the vestibulocochlear nerve or the hair cells is called _______________. Entry field with correct answer conduction deafness ossicular deafness macular deafness sensorineural deafness osteosclerotic deafnes

sensorineural deafness

This nerve supplies the adductor muscles of the hip and medial skin of the thigh. What is it called? Entry field with correct answer femoral sciatic obturator tibial common fibular

obturator

Which of the following bones is singular and not paired? Entry field with correct answer zygomatic bone nasal bone lacrimal bone occipital bone

occipital bone

When you frown, the ridges in your forehead are formed by which muscle? Entry field with correct answer occipitofrontalis depressor labii inferioris masseter zygomaticus

occipitofrontalis

Neurons in the CNS fail to re-grow because of inhibition of growth by the _____________? Entry field with correct answer oligodendrocytes Schwann cells or neurolemmocytes axons cell bodies astrocytes

oligodendrocytes

Neurons in the CNS fail to re-grow because of inhibition of growth by the _____________? • oligodendrocytes • Schwann cells or neurolemmocytes • axons • cell bodies • astrocytes

oligodendrocytes

During a histological study of nervous tissue from the CNS, myelin is observed surrounding the axons of the neurons. Based on the presence of the myelin, what other conclusion can be made for this specimen? Entry field with correct answer oligodendrocytes are present Schwann cells are present Microglial microglial cells are present ependymal cells are present

oligodendrocytes are present

During a histological study of nervous tissue from the CNS, myelin is observed surrounding the axons of the neurons. Based on the presence of the myelin, what other conclusion can be made for this specimen? • oligodendrocytes are present • Schwann cells are present • microglial cells are present • ependymal cells are present

oligodendrocytes are present

Which of the following correctly identifies the visual pathway from the eye to the brain? Entry field with correct answer optic nerves; optic chiasm; optic tract; occipital lobes optic chiasm; optic tract; optic nerves; occipital lobes optic tracts; optic chiasm; optic nerves; occipital lobes optic nerves; optic tracts; optic chiasm; hypothalamus

optic nerves; optic chiasm; optic tract; occipital lobes

In bone tissue, which type of cell is the 'bone-building cell' (secretes extracellular matrix and initiates calcification)? Entry field with correct answer osteogenic cell osteoblast osteocyte osteoclast none of these are correct

osteoblast

Which of these types of cells is a mature bone cell involved in the "day to day" maintenance of bone? Entry field with correct answer osteoblasts osteoclasts osteocytes osteogenic cells

osteocytes

Aging is accompanied by a number of changes to the skin. Which of the following is NOT one of those changes? Entry field with correct answer increase in wrinkles overall increased thickness of skin formation of "age spots" decreased immune function reduced number of functioning melanocytes

overall increased thickness of skin

Which of the following is NOT a physical characteristic of blood? • pH range of 7.25 to 7.55 • temperature of 38ºC (100.4 ºF) • average volume of 5-6 liters (1.5gal) in a male • about 8% of body weight

pH range of 7.25 to 7.55

This structure produces digestive juices, insulin, and glucagon, and empties them into the duodenum and blood stream. Entry field with correct answer liver pancreas stomach jejunum gall bladder

pancreas

Which of the 5 bone features listed below contribute to the elbow joint? 1. capitulum 2. head of the ulna 3. head of the radius 4. trochlear notch of the ulna 5. styloid process of radius

1, 3, and 4

The boundary surrounding the secondary oocyte which must be penetrated by the sperm is comprised of the __________. 1. corona radiate 2. zona pellucida 3. pronucleus

1,2

Which of the choices listed below are characteristics shared by all epithelial tissues? 1 contain a high amount of extracellular matrix (substance between cells) 2 avascular (no blood vessels) 3 cells closely joined together 4 form surface layers 5 found immediately next to blood-vessel rich connective tissues

2, 3, 4, 5

Which of the structures listed below develop(s) from the respiratory diverticulum (lung bud)? 1. cartilage of the larynx 2. cartilage of the respiratory tree 3. parietal pleura 4. respiratory epithelium 5. smooth muscle of the trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles 6. visceral pleura

4

What anatomical structure is being described using the following anatomical terms: medial to the ear (otic); lateral to the nose (nasal); inferior to the eye (orbital); and superior to the maxillary (upper) teeth?

Cheek (buccal)

Which of the following represent the order of organization from simple to complex?

Chemical, Cellular, Tissue, Organ, system, organismal

What are 2N gamete precursor cells, but have no stem cells?

Oogonia

What forms from meiosis 1 for oogenesis?

Secondary Oocyte + n first polar body

Which of the following is a TRUE statement? Entry field with correct answer Central chemoreceptors are stimulated by a decrease in O2 level of the cerebrospinal fluid. Deflation or underinflation of the lungs stimulates baroreceptors (stretch receptors) of bronchi and bronchioles. Hyperventilation increases stimulation of peripheral chemoreceptors. Hypoventilation decreases stimulation of peripheral chemoreceptors. Stimulation of baroreceptors (stretch receptors) of the bronchi and bronchioles results in inhibition of the inspiratory and dorsal respiratory group.

Stimulation of baroreceptors (stretch receptors) of the bronchi and bronchioles results in inhibition of the inspiratory and dorsal respiratory group.

Which of the bones listed below form the thoracic cage? 1. clavicle 2. ribs 3. scapula 4. sternum 5. bodies of thoracic vertebrae

2, 4 and 5 only

The fluid that surrounds the organelles is known as:

cytosol

Which of the following is a non-weight-bearing bone? Entry field with correct answer talus tibia fibula femur calcaneous

fibula

The lymphatic system transports dietary _____ from the gastrointestinal tract to the blood. • carbohydrates • lipids • proteins • All of these choices are correct

lipids

Which of the following produces "goosebumps"? Entry field with correct answer lunula ceruminous glands arrector pili muscles sebaceous glands sudoriferous glands

arrector pili muscles

Which of the following is the most abundant protein in the human body? a. adipose b. collagen c. keratin d. glycogen e. hydroxyapatite

collagen

In the figure shown, what is the name of the indicated structure which functions to enable action potentials to quickly spread from one cardiac muscle fiber to the next? Entry field with correct answer nucleus mitochondrion desmosome gap junction tight junction

gap junction

Which of the following is NOT an organelle? • endoplasmic reticulum • Golgi complex • glycogen granule • lysosome • mitochondrion

glycogen granule

An axillary temperature is taken:

in the armpit region.

The effects of aging on the digestive system include all BUT the following: Entry field with correct answer decreased secretory mechanisms loss of taste increased peristalsis difficulty swallowing increase in gastritis

increased peristalsis

All blood from the abdomen, pelvis, and lower limbs arrive in the heart via the Entry field with correct answer coronary sinus. superior vena cava. inferior vena cava. two of the choices are correct

inferior vena cava.

Which of the following is true about the arbor vitae? Entry field with correct answer it is the location where axons from the optic nerves meet, split and cross over it is the structure that regulates basic functions such as breathing rhythm and heart rate it is the structure that forms the major conduit of nerve impulses from the left and right hemispheres it is the structure that forms the major conduit of nerve impulses from the midbrain and the forebrain it is a branching pattern of myelinated axons within the cerebellum

it is a branching pattern of myelinated axons within the cerebellum

The arms and legs are made of ________ bones. Entry field with correct answer long short flat irregular sesamoid

long

Which of the following tissues has as a distinguishing characteristic, the ability to contract (shorten)? Entry field with correct answer connective epithelial muscular nervous

muscular

Which of the following directly regulates the movement of materials into and out of a cell?

plasma membrane

Regarding characteristics used to name muscles, which of the following is incorrectly matched? • rectus-parallel to midline • platys-circular • biceps-two origins • brevis-short

platys-circular

The glomerulus is lined with leaky cells called ________________. Entry field with correct answer ganglion podocytes astrocytes monocytes neurons

podocytes

Fertilization by more than one sperm cell is referred to as __________. • syngamy • capacitation • the acrosomal reaction • polyspermy

polyspermy

At the same time that the left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood to the aorta, the right ventricle pumps deoxygenated blood to which of the following? Entry field with correct answer superior vena cava inferior vena cava pulmonary trunk pulmonary veins aorta

pulmonary trunk

Eccrine sweat glands: Entry field with correct answer release an "oily" secretion release a "waxy" secretion release a water-based secretion more than one answer is correct

release a water-based secretion

Bone resorption refers to ______ of bone whereas bone deposition refers to ______ of bone. Entry field with correct answer formation, removal removal, formation growth, removal growth, formation

removal, formation

Which of the following structures is not membrane-bound? • ribosome • lysosome • nucleus • Golgi complex • mitochondria

ribosome

Rough endoplasmic reticulum differs from smooth endoplasmic reticulum in that it has _____ associated with it; therefore rough endoplasmic reticulum assists in the production and temporary storage of _____. • inclusions, cytosol • lysosomes, lipids • ribosomes, lysosomes • ribosomes, proteins

ribosomes, proteins

Which of the following is a typical characteristic of connective tissue? composed of cells closely joined together composed of cells that are able to conduct electrical impulses occur on body surfaces structure of extracellular matrix determines much of the tissue's qualities not supplied with nerve cells

structure of extracellular matrix determines much of the tissue's qualities

How do cardiac and skeletal muscle tissue differ in structure? Entry field with correct answer the size and number of mitochondria in the muscle fibers the arrangement of actin and myosin one has SR and the other lacks it one has endomysium and the other lacks it

the size and number of mitochondria in the muscle fibers

he boundary surrounding the secondary oocyte which must be penetrated by the sperm is comprised of the __________. 1. corona radiate 2. zona pellucida 3. pronucleus • 1 only • 2 only • 3 only • 1 and 2

• 1 and 2

The final "step" of cell division is to divide the cytoplasm. This process is referred to as ________.

cytokinesis

Which of the following attaches the liver to the anterior abdominal wall and diaphragm? Entry field with correct answer falciform ligament greater omentum lesser omentum mesentery mesocolon

falciform ligament

Synchondroses are composed of Entry field with correct answer hyaline cartilage fibrocartilage elastic cartilage dense connective tissue

hyaline cartilage

Intracellular fluid would be found ________ the cell, whereas extracellular fluid would be found ________ the cell.

inside, outside

The basic structural framework of the plasma membrane is primarily made of:

phospholipids

Damage to a motor neuron would cause which of the following problem(s)? 1. muscle weakness 2. decreased sensation 3. decreased gland output

1,3

The mechanism(s) listed below which contribute to lymph return to the blood is/are: 1 respiratory pump (inhalation) 2 heart contraction 3 muscle pump (contraction of skeletal muscles) 4 lymphatic "heart" 5 facilitated diffusion

1,3

The word "dorsum" may be used to describe the 1. back of the hand 2. anterior surface of the body 3. top of the foot

1,3

Which of the choices listed below are functions of the thymus? 1 main site of immune response 2 site of T cell maturation 3 site of B cell maturation 4 site of the proliferation of B cells 5 produces thymic hormones

2,5

The terms hypochondriac, epigastric, inguinal and lumbar are best associated with the ________ cavity.

Abdominopelvic

____ protect us from disease by producing antibodies. • T cells • Regulatory B cells • Plasma cells • Cytotoxic T cells

Plasma cells

What is the role of the thymus in immunity? Entry field with correct answer T cells mature here B cells are produced here antibodies are released here old B cells are removed from circulation here

T cells mature here

Which of the following statements about the layers of the skin is TRUE? • The dermis is composed primarily of connective tissue and the epidermis is composed primarily of epithelium. • The epidermis is deeper than the dermis. • Skin color is mainly due to cells located in the upper part of the dermis; the cells of the epidermis are colorless. • The epidermis is located between the dermis and the hypodermis. • The epidermis is rich in blood vessels; the dermis is avascular.

The dermis is composed primarily of connective tissue and the epidermis is composed primarily of epithelium.

Which of the following is/are part of the formed elements of the blood? • red blood cell • proteins • platelets • white blood cells • all choices are correct, except proteins

all choices are correct, except proteins

A joint is a point of contact between Entry field with correct answer two bones bone and cartilage bone and teeth all of the choices are correct

all of the choices are correct

Describe the importance of ligaments at joints. Entry field with correct answer they bind structures within joints they limit mobility they stabilize joints all of the choices are correct

all of the choices are correct

. Which two muscles provide good examples for use of the term "synergists"? • latissimus dorsi and pectoralis major • flexor carpi ulnaris and extensor carpi ulnaris • biceps femoris and semitendinosis • gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior

biceps femoris and semitendinosis

When calcium is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum, it initiates a contraction by Entry field with correct answer binding to troponin binding to tropomyosin binding to myosin binding to actin

binding to troponin

Lymph is simply fluid that filtered out of the ___ and was reabsorbed by lymphatic capillaries. Entry field with correct answer blood capillaries serous membranes nephrons in the kidney lymph nodes

blood capillaries

Which of the following is not a protein associated with skeletal muscle tissue? Entry field with correct answer troponin calcium dystrophin titin

calcium

Which of the following blood vessels are also known as exchange vessels? Entry field with correct answer muscular (distributing) arteries venules arterioles capillaries veins

capillaries

Which of the following are the smallest living units in the human body? • atoms • cells • molecules • organs • organelles

cells

The impaction of ___________ within the ear canal may muffle hearing. Entry field with correct answer hyperacusia perilymph cerumen lymph vestibular fluid

cerumen

What tissue type is located between the bony contact surfaces of a joint? Entry field with correct answer epithelium connective muscle nervous

connective

hich of the following tissues help "bind and support" body parts? Entry field with correct answer connective epithelial muscular nervous

connective

What is a pathogen? Entry field with correct answer disease-producing microbes a defense present from birth a defense that's acquired after exposure the component of the body that wards off damage or disease

disease-producing microbes

Which of the following is accomplished through apoptosis? • distinction of individual fingers and toes • opening of the eyes (as in being able to open the eyelids) • beating of the heart • growth of the brain

distinction of individual fingers and toes

Which of the following correctly identifies the route for sperm from the seminiferous tubules to the urethra? Entry field with correct answer ductus epididymis, ductus deferens, ejaculatory ducts, urethra ductus deferens, ductus epididymis, ejaculatory ducts, urethra ductus deferens, ductus epididymis, vas deferens, urethra ductus epididymis, ejaculatory ducts, vas deferens, urethra

ductus epididymis, ductus deferens, ejaculatory ducts, urethra

8. Deschene muscular dystrophy __e__ a. autoimmune antibodies attack acetylcholine receptors 9. Fibromyalgia _d____ b. autoimmune antibodies attack a muscle specific kinase 10. Myasthenia Gravis (general) __a___ c. death of myocardial cells due to lack of blood and oxygen 11. Myasthenia Gravis (rare) ___b__ d. pain in connective tissues of muscles, tendons and ligaments 12. Infarction ___c__ e. sarcolemma tears due to lack of a protein that anchors it to actin

e, d, a, b, c

Which of the following is not located in the nucleus? • histones • chromatin • endosome • nucleolus

endosome

If you were to cut into a heart with a scalpel, what is the correct order for the layers of the heart wall the scalpel would pass through? Entry field with correct answer endocardium, myocardium, epicardium epicardium, endocardium, myocardium epicardium, myocardium, endocardium myocardium, epicardium, endocardium

epicardium, myocardium, endocardium

In the figure shown, which indicated structure covers the entire muscle? endomysium epimysium perimysium sarcolemma sarcomere

epimysium

The structure of the plasma membrane is best described as a ________

fluid-mosaic model

There are 4 chambers inside the heart. Which chamber is enclosed by a thick layer of heart muscle so that it can pump blood out to the body? • right atrium • right ventricle • left atrium • left ventricle

left ventricle

Which of the following contains the wall with the thickest myocardium? Entry field with correct answer left atrium right atrium left ventricle right ventricle both right and left ventricles

left ventricle

Which joint structure is specifically designed to bind bones together and provide joint stability? Entry field with correct answer cartilage tendon ligament capsule

ligament

Which of the following represents the sequence of the cardiac conduction pathway? • AV node, atria, SA node, ventricles • AV node, SA node, atria, ventricles • SA node, AV node, ventricles, atria • SA node, atria, AV node, ventricles • None of these choices is correct

• SA node, atria, AV node, ventricles

Where does spermatogenesis occur at?

In testes, near basement membrane of seminiferous tubules

Which type(s) of cell junctions are found in epithelial tissues? Entry field with correct answer tight junctions adherens junctions desmosomes all of these

all of these

Ceruminous glands are: a. branched, coiled, acinar and secrete sweat b. branched, coiled, tubular and secrete wax c. simple, coiled, acinar and secrete sebum (oil) d. simple, coiled, tubular and secrete wax, such as ear wax e. compound, tubular, acinar and secrete sweat

d. simple, coiled, tubular and secrete wax, such as ear wax

Which of the following is accomplished through apoptosis Entry field with correct answer distinction of individual fingers and toes opening of the eyes beating of the heart growth of the brain

distinction of individual fingers and toes

Intracellular fluid would be found ________ the cell and would contain a higher concentration of ________ ions than on the outside, whereas extracellular fluid would be found ________ the cell and would contain a higher concentration of ___________ ions than on the inside of the cell. • inside, potassium / inside, sodium • inside, potassium / outside, sodium • outside, sodium / outside, potassium • outside, sodium / inside, potassium

inside, potassium / outside, sodium

The fluid that surrounds and bathes cells and tissues is known as: • cytosol • cytoplasm • plasma • interstitial fluid • serous fluid

interstitial fluid

Lymph is the fluid of the lymphatic system that is comes directly from Entry field with correct answer interstitial fluids blood cerebrospinal fluid serous fluid

interstitial fluids

Which of the following groups of neurons does NOT participate in the control of movements by providing input to the lower motor neurons? Entry field with correct answer upper motor neurons cerebellar neurons basal nuclei neurons local circuit neurons lemniscual neurons

lemniscual neurons

Which of the following are produced in the bone marrow and then migrate to the epidermis where they participate in the immune response? Entry field with correct answer keratinocytes Langerhans cells melanocytes tactile epithelial cells

Langerhans cells

The liver, heart, pancreas, and lungs would be good examples of ________.

Organs

When a person "puts their hands on their hips" they are actually placing their hands on a bony landmark known as the ________. Entry field with correct answer greater trochanter iliac crest femoral triangle ischial tuberosity

iliac crest

When you feel your "hip bone", what particular bone part is that? Entry field with correct answer ischial tuberosity inguinal ligament pubic tubercle iliac crest

iliac crest

The nephron has two main parts: a renal corpuscle and renal tubule. The collecting duct and papillary ducts are part of the kidney, but are not part of the nephron. Even though nephrons are the functional units of kidneys, these other parts of the kidney assist the actual nephrons with regulation of urine production. Which of the following cells involved in regulation of kidney function and maintenance of homeostasis is NOT part of the nephron? Entry field with correct answer juxtaglomerular cells intercalated cells podocytes macula densa cells

juxtaglomerular cells

Which cell type, indicated in the figure, makes up most of the epidermis? melanocytes Langerhans cells keratinocytes tactile epithelial cells nerve cells

keratinocytes

Which of the following produces multiple layers of dead cells that help to protect deeper layers from injury and microbial invasion? Entry field with correct answer keratinocytes Langerhans cells melanocytes tactile epithelial cells

keratinocytes

Which is NOT a layer of the GI tract? Entry field with correct answer mucosa submucosa lumen muscularis serosa

lumen

All lymph is returned to the cardiovascular system via the Entry field with correct answer lymphatic ducts lymph nodes lymphatic capillaries lymphatic valves

lymphatic ducts

After an injury where nervous tissue is damaged, a certain type of neuroglial cell will begin removing the damaged tissue. What is the neuroglia and where does it originate? Entry field with correct answer microglial cells; red bone marrow microglial cells; brain satellite cells; thymus gland satellite cells; myelin sheaths

microglial cells; red bone marrow

Which of the following is arranged correctly from the microscopic level to the gross level? • fascicle, belly, tendon • myofilament, myofibril, muscle fiber • myofibril, muscle fiber, fascicle • belly, fascicle, muscle fiber

myofibril, muscle fiber, fascicle

In the ovary, primary follicles consists of: Entry field with correct answer primary oocyte stratified squamous epithelium stem cells fetus none of these choices

primary oocyte

The Bundle of His: a. is the natural pacemaker of the heart b. is a collection of nerve fibers that carry electrical impulses throughout the heart c. carry depolarization waves directly to the apex of heart d. provides the electrical connection between the atria and the ventricles e. fires after a brief delay following the firing of the SA node

provides the electrical connection between the atria and the ventricles

Which valve prevents backflow into the right ventricle? Entry field with correct answer bicuspid valve tricuspid valve aortic semilunar valve pulmonary semilunar valve mitral valve

pulmonary semilunar valve

All veins of systemic circulation transport blood to the ______________ of the heart. Entry field with correct answer right atrium right ventricle left atrium left ventricle

right atrium

The vena cavae and coronary sinus return deoxygenated (oxygen-poor) blood to which chamber? Entry field with correct answer left atrium right atrium right ventricle left ventricle none of these are correct; heart only receives oxygenated blood

right atrium

Which layer of the epidermis consists primarily of keratinocytes that undergo cell division? Entry field with correct answer stratum basale stratum corneum stratum granulosum stratum lucidum stratum spinosum

stratum basale

The fluid in joints that decrease in production with aging is Entry field with correct answer synovial fluid serous fluid mucus plasma

synovial fluid

Which type of circulation carries oxygen and nutrients to the body tissues and removes carbon dioxide and other wastes from the tissues? Entry field with correct answer systemic circulation pulmonary circulation coronary circulation

systemic circulation

What is the anatomical name for the part of the face commonly known as the cheek bone? Entry field with correct answer zygomatic region oral region orbital region frontal region

zygomatic region

Stratified, cuboidal epithelia would contain: a. one layer of cells, each containing primarily a spherical nucleus b. multiple layers of cells, each containing primarily a spherical nucleus c. one layer of cells that have the appearance of multiple layers due to the variety of cellular shapes d. multiple layers of elongated cells, each containing primarily an ovoid nucleus e. one layer of flattened cells, each containing primarily a spherical nucleus

b. multiple layers of cells, each containing primarily a spherical nucleus

For any given system of the body, with regard to homeostasis, if we fall out of homeostasis, we fall into a condition known as: a. adaptation b. apoptosis c. catatonia d. disease e. rigor mortis

d. disease

5. Goblet cells secrete: a. antibodies b. digested bacterial cells c. cilia d. mucus e. mucous membranes

d. mucus

Which of the following outlines the order in which information is usually communicated through the parts of a neuron to other cells? dendrite, cell body, axon cell body, dendrite, axon axon, dendrite, cell body axon, cell body, dendrite cell body, axon, dendrite

dendrite, cell body, axon

Which of the following is NOT found in the reticular layer of the dermis? Entry field with correct answer hair follicles sebaceous glands sudoriferous glands dermal papillae all are found in the reticular layer

dermal papillae

What forms the bulge on the lateral aspect of your ankle? Entry field with correct answer lateral tuberosity of the tibia lateral malleolus of the fibula lateral malleolus of the tibia lateral process of the calcaneous

lateral malleolus of the fibula

Which of the following functions does muscle tone provide the body? Entry field with correct answer maintaining blood pressure swinging a baseball bat urinating pumping blood through the heart

maintaining blood pressure

The facial bone most involved in the formation of the hard palate is the __________. Entry field with correct answer maxilla mandible sphenoid vomer

maxilla

Which primary germ layer of the embryo develops into all muscles of the body (except the iris of the eye)? Entry field with correct answer trophoblast inner cell mass mesoderm endoderm

mesoderm

Which of the following terms refers to the part of the bone that includes the epiphyseal plate (in a growing bone)? Entry field with correct answer diaphysis endosteum epiphyses metaphyses periosteum

metaphyses

The three features that distinguish the three types of muscle tissue include their microscopic anatomy, location, and how they are controlled by the Entry field with correct answer nervous and endocrine systems. skeletal and lymphatic systems. respiratory and cardiovascular systems. integumentary and digestive systems.

nervous and endocrine systems.

. The extracellular matrix of blood is called: a. adipose b. the basement membrane c. plasma d. collagen e. protein

plasma

Which lymph nodes drain the chin? Entry field with correct answer submandibular nodes tracheal nodes axillary nodes popliteal nodes

submandibular nodes

Where do the 2 cells of a spermatagonia go after first round of mitosis?

1. Stem cell remains at basement membrane 2. Pushed into deep tissue towards the lumen of seminiferous tubules, differentiates remain 2N primary spermatocytes

Which of the following statements about sinusoids is TRUE? • Their walls have large intercellular clefts that allow proteins and blood cells to pass between tissue and the bloodstream. • Sinusoids are found in the liver, spleen and red bone marrow. • Sinusoids function as capillaries, but are wider and more winding than other capillaries. • All of the choices are correct.

All of the choices are correct.

What is the complete process of male gamete formation called?

Spermatogenesis

The cardiovascular system consists of blood, the heart, and Entry field with correct answer blood vessels lymphatic vessels red bone marrow lungs

blood vessels

Ordinarily, the insertion of a muscle: 1. in a limb is proximal to the origin. 2. does not move when the muscle contracts. 3. is the movable point of attachment of a muscle. 4. attaches a muscle to a bone or skin. • 1, 2, 3, 4 • 1, 2, 4 only • 1, 3 only • 3, 4 only

1, 3 only

What are the functions of estrogen?

1. Promotes development and maintenance of endometrium 2. Promotes vascularization 3. Promotes Glycogen storage 4.Thickens for implantation and provides maternal portion of placenta

There are ____ different systems that make up the human body.

11

Which of the following correctly describes skeletal muscle tissue? 1. composed of nonstriated muscle cells 2. composed of striated muscle cells 3. involuntarily controlled 4. voluntarily controlled

2 and 4 only

There are four valves in the heart: 1 bicuspid (mitral) 2 tricuspid 3 pulmonary semilunar 4 aortic semilunar What is the correct order in which blood flows through these valves, starting in the right atrium? • 1, 4, 2, 3 • 1, 3, 2, 4 • 2, 3, 1, 4 • 2, 4, 1, 3

2, 3, 1, 4

In the figure shown, which component(s) of whole, blood following centrifugation, is/are indicated? White part 1. plasma 2. white blood cells 3. red blood cells 4. platelets

2,4

The placenta develops from which of the structures listed below? 1. allantois 2. amnion 3. chorion 4. endometrium 5. myometrium 6. yolk sac

3, 4

The normal pH range for blood is Entry field with correct answer 7.35-7.45 4.00-5.00 5.00-6.00 1.25-2.55

7.35-7.45

Why are arterioles called resistance vessels? Entry field with correct answer Because they regulate blood flow from arteries into capillaries Because they resist high blood pressure Because they prevent backflow of blood through the vessel Because they prevent diffusion across their vessels walls

Because they regulate blood flow from arteries into capillaries

The thoracic cavity and abdominal cavity is separated by the

Diaphragm

___ and flexion are opposite angular movements. Entry field with correct answer Extension Adduction Protraction Supination

Extension

What hormone from where stimulates the release of LH?

Gonadotropin releasing hormone from hypothalamus

Which of the following is NOT considered one of the major regions of the body?

Hands and feet

Which subdiscipline of anatomy examines the microscopic structure of tissues?

Histology

Which of the following respond to light touch sensations? • keratinocytes • Langerhans cells • melanocytes • Merkel discs and Meissner corpuscles • Pacinian corpuscles

Merkel discs and Meissner corpuscles

This organelle is responsible for production of ATP

Mitochondria

Which of the following occurs as a result of the presence of lacteals in the wall of the intestine? • Most dietary fats do not enter the hepatic portal circulation. • The lymph receives digested milk sugars, which gives the lymph its creamy color. • All end products of digestion are carried by lymph. • Lymph enters the hepatic portal circulation.

Most dietary fats do not enter the hepatic portal circulation.

_____________ play a very important supporting role for nerve impulse conduction (as opposed to being directly involved in nerve impulse conduction). Entry field with correct answer Neuroglia Dendrites Cell bodies Neurotransmitters

Neuroglia

A system in the body is composed of related _______ with a common function.

Organs

Which of the following is the name for the structural organization of compact bone as pictured below? Entry field with correct answer Osteon Canaliculus Cancellous bone Trabeculae Reticulum

Osteon

Where is the Ovarian cycle at?

Ovaries

When are primary spermatocytes produced?

Puberty in males

In the figure shown, which term is defined as extending from one Z disc to the next Z disc? Entry field with correct answer I band A band H zone M line Sarcomere

Sarcomere

What are the 2N spermatocyte precursors and sperm stem cells called?

Spermatagonia

What is another name for spermatazoa?

Spermatids

The pericardial cavity and the pleural cavity are found within the ________ cavity.

Thoracic

Cells with a common function form ________ which work together for a special role or function.

Tissues

Your spleen is located in which abdominopelvic quadrant?

Upper Left

Which of the following accurately describe a true difference between arteries and veins? Entry field with correct answer Veins are thin-walled whereas arteries are thick-walled Veins are efferent whereas arteries are afferent Veins carry blood away from the heart whereas arteries carry blood towards the heart Veins have a thicker tunica media whereas arteries have a thinner tunica media

Veins are thin-walled whereas arteries are thick-walled

Which of the following is a type of epicardial tissue that is found associated with the sulci and coronary blood vessels of the heart? a. adipose b. collagen c. keratin d. glycogen e. hydroxyapatite

a. adipose

Anatomy means to: a. cut apart b. study function c. become specialized d. feel e. listen

a. cut apart

This neurotransmitter is released at many PNS and some CNS neurons. What is it called? Entry field with correct answer gamma aminobutyric acid dopamine norepinephrine glycine acetylcholine

acetylcholine

This gland produces many hormones that control electrolytes, energy production and sexual function. Entry field with correct answer adrenal cortex thymus pituitary parathyroid adrenal medulla

adrenal cortex

An exocrine secretion of the organ liver Entry field with correct answer is stored and concentrated in the gall bladder is enters the lumen of the duodenum at the duodenal papillae acts to emulsify fatty substances all of these choices

all

Epithelial tissues play which important roles in the body? absorption filtration protection secretion all of these choices are important roles for Epithelial tissues

all

Which characteristics are TRUE regarding the figure shown? typically one cell per nucleus striated cells involuntarily controlled branched cells all of these choices are TRU

all

What types of molecules can penetrate the stratum corneum? Entry field with correct answer fat-soluble vitamins lipid-soluble drugs carbon dioxide all of these

all of these

Loss of bone mass typically occurs as a part of aging, and it is more extreme in women than men. Which of the following processes contribute to the loss of bone density? Entry field with correct answer demineralization decrease in protein synthesis decreasing estrogen levels all of these choices

all of these choices

The protein molecules projecting out of the plasma membrane could be involved in which of the following? acting as a receptor for a hormone acting as a means of identifying the cell acting as a means of connecting to another cell all of these choices

all of these choices

The skin provides protection from ______. Entry field with correct answer mechanical harm ultraviolet light overheating all of these choices only mechanical harm and overheating

all of these choices

A flat sheet-like tendon in skeletal muscle is known as a(n) Entry field with correct answer aponeurosis. belly. periosteum. epimysium.

aponeurosis

Apocrine glands are a special type of sweat gland that _______. Entry field with correct answer release excessive sweat as compared to normal sweat glands are found mainly in the axilla, groin, areolae, and bearded regions of the adult male face release a waxy substance that helps lubricate our hair more than one answer is correct

are found mainly in the axilla, groin, areolae, and bearded regions of the adult male face

Through which of the following is blood transported from the left ventricle? Entry field with correct answer ascending aorta pulmonary arteries pulmonary trunk pulmonary veins superior and inferior vena cavae

ascending aorta

Serous membranes provide a containment and protective structure for various organs and regions of the body. As a containment structure, serous membranes best illustrate an example of: a. physiological amplification b. anatomical compartmentalization c. a homeostatic mechanism d. a signal transduction mechanism e. disease

b. anatomical compartmentalization

The regulation of breathing is done by the __________________. Entry field with correct answer brain spinal cord endocrine system, the hormone resprin sympathetic and parasympathetic systems lungs themselves

brain

Connective tissue cells, such as those of bone tissues, are embedded in an extracellular matrix made up of: a. adipose b. basement membranes c. ground substances and collagen fibers d. closely-packed cells with a paucity of vascularization e. closely-packed cells with an abundance of vascularization

c. ground substances and collagen fibers

Which of the following is the name for the structural feature of cardiomyocytes that prevents the muscle fibers from shearing and separating from each other during repeated contractions and relaxations? • striations b. gap junctions c. intercalated discs d. dense bodies e. intermediate proteins

c. intercalated discs

A morula is formed by which of the following? • cleavage • capacitation • gastrulation • implantation • induction

cleavage

All blood from the cardiac tissue drains into the Entry field with correct answer coronary sinus. superior vena cava. inferior vena cava. two of the choices are correct

coronary sinus

The embryonic, somewhat fluid cells of the mesoderm are called: a. adipocytes b. stratum basale cells c. chondrocytes d. mesenchymal cells e. monocytes

d. mesenchymal cells

The cells of blood are suspended in an extracellular matrix called: a. adipose b. basement membrane c. ground tissue d. plasma e. collagen

d. plasma

20. Agranulocyte ___d__ a. allergy-inducing WBC of the formed elements and lymphatic system 21. Basophil __a___ b. contains proliferating B-lymphocytes 22. Germinal center ___b__ c. lymphoid stem cell-derived WBC, such as a B-cell or T-cell 23. Lymphocyte __c___ d. myeloid stem cell-derived WBC, such as a monocyte or macrophage 24. Neutrophil __e___ e. efficient slayer of bacterial invaders; granulocytic, polymorphonuclear leukocyte

dabce

Blood flows through the following vessels in what order? 1. arteriole 2. capillary 3. vein 4. artery 5. venule a. 1, 2, 4, 5 b. 1, 4, 2, 5 c. 5, 2, 3, 1 d. 1, 2, 3, 4 e. 4, 1, 2, 5, 3

e. 4, 1, 2, 5, 3

With regard to levels of organization in the human body, which of the following is the correct order from smallest and least complex to largest and most complex? a. chemical, cell, organ, organ system, organism, tissue b. chemical, cell, organ, organ system, tissue, organism c. cell, chemical, tissue, organ, organ system, organism d. cell, tissue, chemical, organ, organ system, organism e. chemical, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism

e. chemical, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism

The property of muscle that enables it to return to its original length and shape after contraction or extension is Entry field with correct answer elasticity extensibility contractility electrical excitability

elasticity

When closing the jaw, the mandible is Entry field with correct answer elevating depressing protracting displacing

elevating

The primitive gut forms from this embryonic germ layer. Entry field with correct answer endoderm somatic mesoderm pharyngeal ectoderm

endoderm

Which connective tissue surrounds each skeletal muscle fiber? Entry field with correct answer endomysium perimysium epimysium exomysium

endomysium

Which of the following formed elements contain hemoglobin? a. adipocytes b. basophils c. erythrocytes d. leukocytes e. thrombocytes

erythrocytes

Which of the following is NOT an accessory digestive organ? Entry field with correct answer esophagus liver gall bladder pancreas

esophagus

Which of the following processes require a transporter molecule and/or a receptor, but no energy?

facilitated diffusion

Which of the following is the correct sequence of bones of the lower limb, from proximal to distal ends? Entry field with correct answer femur, tibia and fibula, tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges humerus, tibia and fibula, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges phalanges, metatarsals, tarsals, tibia and fibula, femur phalanges, tarsals, metatarsals, tibia and ulna, femur tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges, tibia and fibula, femur

femur, tibia and fibula, tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges

Which portion of the pericardium prevents overstretching of the heart, provides protection, and anchors the heart in the mediastinum? Entry field with correct answer fibrous pericardium parietal layer of serous pericardium visceral layer of serous pericardium epicardium pericardial cavity

fibrous pericardium

The motor neurons that innervate the muscle spindles or intrafusal fibers are called _______________ neurons. Entry field with correct answer first order alpha second order gamma third order

gamma

Modifying (a substance) and packaging are best associated with which organelle?

golgi complex

In lab you examine a nervous system tissue slide and identify satellite cells around unipolar neuron cells. You are likely looking at a: • gray matter ganglion of PNS • gray matter nucleus of CNS • whiter matter tract of PNS • white matter nerve of CNS

gray matter ganglion of PNS

In cartilage and bone tissue, the cells are located in spaces called:

lacunae

Which of the following does not shorten when a muscle contracts? • myofilaments • H band • sarcomere • I band

myofilaments

Housing the DNA is best associated with which structure?

nucleus

The collapse of the lung due to rupture of the alveolar sacs or the puncture of the pleural cavity is called a ______________. Entry field with correct answer pneumonia pneumothorax pleurisy pleural effussion respiratory collapse

pneumothorax

Which of the following is FALSE regarding the pancreas? Entry field with correct answer produces sodium bicarbonate which buffers acidic chyme from the stomach produces pancreatic amylase which breaks down carbohydrates produces pancreatic lipase which breaks down triglycerides (fats) produces pepsin which breaks down proteins produces trypsin which breaks down proteins

produces pepsin which breaks down proteins

Most of the ventricular filling occurs during which phase of the cardiac cycle? • atrial systole • relaxation period • ventricular systole

relaxation period

The functional units of myofibrils are Entry field with correct answer sarcomeres Z discs sarcoplasmic reticula transverse tubules

sarcomeres

The anatomical name for the bone that makes up what is commonly referred to as the "shoulder blade" is the ______. Entry field with correct answer sternum scapula clavicle costal margin

scapula

Compression of this nerve is the most common form of back pain and may extend down the posterior leg and into the foot. What is this pain called? Entry field with correct answer femoritis tibiatica obturatoritis sciatica fibularica

sciatica

Which of the following curvatures is characterized by a lateral bending of the vertebral column usually in the thoracic region? Entry field with correct answer scoliosis kyphosis lordosis round shouldered

scoliosis

The innermost layer of blood vessels is composed of: • muscle • connective tissue • columnar epithelium • simple squamous epithelium • cardiomyocytes

simple squamous epithelium

Which of the following is NOT classified by shape as a long bone? Entry field with correct answer phalanx (singular of phalanges which are finger and toe bones) humerus (arm bone) fibula (leg bone) sternum (breastbone) metacarpal (hand bone)

sternum (breastbone)

What does the FSH do?

stimulates development of the early follicle and production of gametes

Which is the correct order of epidermal layers from deep to superficial (in thick skin)? Entry field with correct answer stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, stratum corneum stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, stratum basale stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum basale, stratum lucidum, stratum corneum stratum lucidum, stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum corneum

stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, stratum corneum

Which layer of the epidermis consists of 3-5 rows of flattened keratinocytes that (i) are undergoing apoptosis and (ii) have cell organelles that begin to degenerate and tonofilaments that become more apparent? Entry field with correct answer stratum basale stratum corneum stratum granulosum stratum lucidum stratum spinosum

stratum granulosum

The process of exercising with progressively heavier resistance is Entry field with correct answer strength training autorhythmicity warming up metabolic depression

strength training

All blood from the head, neck, upper limbs, and thorac arrive in the heart via the Entry field with correct answer coronary sinus. superior vena cava. inferior vena cava. two of the choices are correct

superior vena cava.

A fibrous joint composed of a thin layer of dense irregular connective tissue between bones of the skull are Entry field with correct answer sutures syndesomes interosseous membranes synchondroses

sutures

If red blood cells and proteins are detected in urine, it may indicate that Entry field with correct answer the filtration membrane in the glomerulus is not functioning properly. the microvilli of the proximal convoluted tubules are not reabsorbing properly. the collecting ducts are not secreting properly. parietal cells are not responding to antidiuretic hormone.

the filtration membrane in the glomerulus is not functioning properly.

Thoraxic parietal lymph nodes drain Entry field with correct answer the wall of the thorax the viscera of the thorax the bronchi the upper esophagus

the wall of the thorax

What happens to the B and T cell populations with aging? Entry field with correct answer they decrease they increase T cell counts increase; B cell counts decrease T cell counts decrease; T cell counts increase

they decrease

As keratinocytes move to the surface Entry field with correct answer they become multinucleate they divide to produce new skin cells they eventually die and are sloughed off all of these choices

they eventually die and are sloughed off

The blood vessels responsible for conveying blood away from the heart are: 1. arteries 2. veins Entry field with correct answer 1 only 2 only both 1 and 2 neither of 1 or 2

1

Which of the structures listed below develop(s) from the midgut? 1. ascending colon 2. cecum 3. appendix 4. ileum 5. jejunum 6. stomach

1-5 only

What is the main difference between a morula and a blastocyst? Entry field with correct answer A morula contains blastomeres; a blastocyst does not A morula undergoes mitotic divisions; a blastocyst undergoes meiotic divisions A morula is a solid ball of cells; a blastocyst contains a large fluid-filled cavity The morula implants in the endometrium; the blastocyst implants in the myometrium

A morula is a solid ball of cells; a blastocyst contains a large fluid-filled cavity

Which of the following is NOT part of the trunk?

Upper Limb

71. Lymphatic capillaries differ from blood capillaries in that they are _____-ended and they have a slightly _____ diameter than blood capillaries. a. closed / larger b. closed / smaller c. open / larger d. open / smaller e. fenestrated / smaller

a. closed / larger

Which of the following is the only bone cell that divides? a. osteogenic cell b. osteoblast c. osteocyte d. osteoclast

a. osteogenic cell

Lymph enters a lymph node via _____ and exits through _____. • afferent vessels; efferent vessels • efferent vessels; afferent vessels • medullary sinuses; trabecular sinuses • subscapular sinuses; medullary sinuses

afferent vessels; efferent vessels

The importance of the bronchopulmonary segments is that they ____________. Entry field with correct answer contain their own air supply contain their own blood supply contain their own lymphatic drainage all of these choices none of these choices

all of these choices

Which of the following substances contribute to a person's overall skin color? Entry field with correct answer hemoglobin melanin carotene all of these choices only hemoglobin and melanin

all of these choices

Which of the following is true regarding a ligand as a mediator of certain types of gated channels? a. ligands are usually water soluble and can cross the cell membrane without opening a gated channel b. ligands are usually water soluble and cannot cross the cell membrane c. ligands are usually lipid soluble and can cross the cell membrane without a carrier protein d. ligands are usually lipid soluble, but they cannot cross the cell membrane due to their large size e. ligands are electrically charged, so they trigger the opening of voltage-gated channels and then enter the cell

b. ligands are usually water soluble and cannot cross the cell membrane

Which property of muscle tissue directly allows tension to be generated while pulling on its attachment points? Entry field with correct answer electrical excitability contractility extensibility elasticity

contractility

he part of your fingernail you can see, the nail body, can be compared to the stratum ________ of your epidermis. Entry field with correct answer lucidum corneum granulosum basale

corneum

The vascular sinus in the coronary sulcus on the posterior surface of the heart, called the _____, empties into the right atrium. • right coronary artery • anterior interventricular artery • middle cardiac vein • coronary sinus

coronary sinus

The _____ forms an external boundary between the superior atria and inferior ventricles. • fossa ovalis • foramen ovale • coronary sulcus • interventricular sulcus

coronary sulcus

Which of the following is generally false with regard to skin pigmentation? a. amounts of melanin pigment types vary with regard to production and transport to keratinocytes b. about 8% of the epidermal cells found in nearly all skin colors are melanocytes c. carotene can cause an orange or yellow pigmentation in the skin, especially if there is an abundance of carotene in one's diet d. darker skin pigmentation is the result of increased numbers of melanocytes compared to lighter skin pigmentation e. in lighter colored skin where the epidermal layers are more translucent, a pink to red pigmentation can be seen due to the amount of and oxygenation of blood flow to the intermediate and deep layers of the integumentary system

d. darker skin pigmentation is the result of increased numbers of melanocytes compared to lighter skin pigmentation

Adjacent cardiac muscle cells need to communicate with each other extremely quickly. Which type of cell junction would best help accomplish this? • tight junction • adherens junction • desmosomes • gap junctions

gap junctions

Adjacent cardiac muscle cells need to communicate with each other extremely quickly. Which type of cell junction would best help accomplish this? • tight junction • adherens junction • desmosomes • gap junctions

gap junctions

Which of the following types of cell junctions allow communication between cardiomyocytes? • adherens junctions • desmosomes • gap junctions • hemidesmosomes • tight junctions

gap junctions

Which of the following types of cell junctions allow communication between cells? • adherens junctions • desmosomes • gap junctions • hemidesmosomes • tight junctions

gap junctions

This hormone has been used by athletes to increase muscle mass and reverse or slow the aging process of muscular atrophy. Entry field with correct answer progesterone thyroxin parathyroid human growth oxytocin

human growth

Which joint is the only moveable skull joint? Entry field with correct answer parietal suture coronal suture sagittal suture temporomandibular joint

temporomandibular joint

In adult long bones, the medullary cavity if filled primarily with: • fluid • epithelial tissue • red marrow • muscle • yellow marrow

• yellow marrow

Which of the following muscles make up the rotator cuff? Entry field with correct answer supraspinatus infraspinatus subscapularis all of the choices are correct

all of the choices are correct

Damage to a motor neuron would cause which of the following problem(s)? 1. muscle weakness 2. decreased sensation 3. decreased gland output • 1 only • 2 only • 3 only • 1 and 3 only

1 and 3 only

Which of the following involves movement of a substance from an area of high concentration to low concentration? 1 diffusion 2 facilitated diffusion 3 active transport 4 osmosis

1, 2 and 4

The branches of the arch of the aorta, in correct order, are: 1. brachiocephalic trunk 2. left common carotid 3. left subclavian • 1, 2, 3 • 1, 3, 2 • 2, 1, 3 • 3, 2, 1

1, 2, 3

Which of the following are TRUE about muscle cells? 1. able to contract when stimulated 2. able to respond to stimuli by producing electrical stimuli 3. able to return to their original length and shape after contraction or extension 4. able to stretch, within limits, without being damaged

1, 2, 3 and 4

Which of the choices below are TRUE statements about the hyoid bone? 1. attachment site for some tongue muscles 2. attachment site for some muscles of the neck 3. attachment site for throat muscles 4. it articulates with both a cervical vertebra and the mandible 5. it does not articulate with any other bone

1, 2, 3 and 5 only

Which of the functions listed below is/are associated with skeletal muscle? 1. aid the return blood in veins to the heart 2. produce body movements 3. produce heat 4. regulate the volume of hollow organs, e.g. heart, stomach, and urinary bladder 5. stabilize body position

1, 2, 3 and 5 only

Which of the choices listed below is/are function(s) of lymph nodes? 1 filter microbes and foreign substances from lymph 2 site of antibody formation 3 site of B cell proliferation 4 site where proliferation of T cells can occur 5 site of plasma cell development • 1 only • 1, 2, 3 and 5 only • 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 • 1, 2, and 4 only • 1 and 4 only

1, 2, 3, 4 and 5

Which of the substances listed below are transported in blood? 1. carbon dioxide 2. various nutrients, such as vitamins and glucose 3. hormones 4. oxygen 5. heat

1, 2, 3, 4 and 5

Which of the functions listed below is/are attributed to various plasma proteins? 1. contribute to blood clotting 2. exert colloid osmotic pressure (to assist the maintenance of water balance) 3. help attack viruses and bacteria 4. function as transport proteins for several steroid hormones 5. transport fat-soluble vitamins 6. transport oxygen

1, 2, 3, 4 and 5only

In which of the vessels below can a blood pressure reading be taken? 1. radial artery 2. brachial artery 3. popliteal artery 4. axillary artery 5. right common carotid artery

1,2,3

Which of the activities listed below are functions of the Lymphatic System? 1 transports lipids to the blood 2 transports lipid-soluble vitamins to the blood 3 drains excess interstitial fluid from tissue spaces and returns it to the blood 4 initiates specific immune responses against particular microbes and abnormal cells 5 stores energy in the form of fat

1,2,3,4

Which of the anatomical planes listed below are vertical? 1. frontal 2. midsagittal 3. oblique 4. parasagittal 5. transverse

1,2,4

Which of the following are classified as granular leukocytes? 1. eosinophils 2. lymphocytes 3. neutrophils 4. monocytes 5. basophils 6. reticulocytes

1,3,5

Which of the muscles listed below serve as borders of the femoral triangle indicated in the figure? 1. adductor longus 2. gracilis 3. rectus femoris 4. sartorius 5. vastus lateralis 6. vastus medialis

1,4

Which of the structures listed below form the boundary of the triangle of auscultation indicated in the figure? 1. latissimus dorsi muscle 2. posterior axillary fold 3. spinous processes of thoracic vertebrae 4. teres major muscle 5. trapezius muscle 6. vertebral border of the scapula

1,5,6

What is the main difference between a morula and a blastocyst? • A morula contains blastomeres; a blastocyst does not • A morula undergoes mitotic divisions; a blastocyst undergoes meiotic divisions • A morula is a solid ball of cells; a blastocyst contains a large fluid-filled cavity • The morula implants in the endometrium; the blastocyst implants in the myometrium

A morula is a solid ball of cells; a blastocyst contains a large fluid-filled cavity

What is the hyponychium?

Area under the nail of thick skin

Which of the following are the smallest living units in the human body?

Cells

An accident report submitted by an officer who is a former anatomy student contains the following statement: "The victim suffered a severe blow to the mental region." This means

Chin

___________ is the name of the labeled structure in the figure below? Entry field with correct answer Blastocyst Cavity Trophoblast Endometrial Gland Embryoblast

Embryoblast

Where is the uterine cycle located?

Endometrium of uterus

What hormone stimulates the development of the mature follicles and regulates the activities of the corpus luteum?

Luteinizing Hormone

Your patient has chronically low B lymphocyte and T lymphocyte levels but sufficient erythrocyte and platelet levels. Which cell is most likely developing incorrectly? • Lymphoid stem cell • Myeloid stem cell • T lymphoblast cells • Pluripotent stem cell

Lymphoid stem cell

In the figure shown, which anatomical region contains the esophagus, heart, trachea, and thymus?

Mediastinum

This neuron is found in the cerebellum and is named after a noted histologist who first described this cell. What is it called? Entry field with correct answer Oligodendrocyte Schwann cell Astrocyte Purkinje cell Ependymal cell

Purkinje cell

The serous membrane covering the lungs is called the:

Visceral Pleura

In the figure shown, when does implantation normally occur? 24 hours after fertilization about 4 days after fertilization about 5 days after fertilization about 6 days after fertilization about 1 month after fertilization

about 6 days after fertilization

The extracellular matrix of epithelial tissues is called: a. adipose tissue b. the basement membrane c. cellulose d. dermis e. endoderm

b. the basement membrane

A correct sequence for fluid flow in the body is: • arteries, lymphatic capillaries, lymphatic ducts, heart, veins, blood capillaries, interstitial spaces. • blood capillaries, interstitial spaces, lymphatic capillaries, lymphatic ducts, veins, heart, arteries. • lymphatic capillaries, interstitial spaces, lymphatic ducts, veins, heart, arteries, blood capillaries. • veins, heart, arteries, lymphatic ducts, interstitial spaces, lymphatic capillaries, blood capillaries.

blood capillaries, interstitial spaces, lymphatic capillaries, lymphatic ducts, veins, heart, arteries.

Lymphatic capillaries are found in: 1 intracellular spaces 2 intercellular spaces 3 interstitial spaces • 1 only • 2 only • 3 only • both 2 and 3

both 2 and 3

Systemic circulation Entry field with correct answer transports oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to systemic capillaries transports deoxygenated blood from systemic capillaries to the right atrium transports oxygenated blood from the pulmonary capillaries to the left atrium transports deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the pulmonary capillaries both A and B are correct

both A and B are correct

The following terms/names - simple squamous; stratified cuboidal and simple columnar - reflect the ________ of epithelial cells. number of layers shape both number of layers and shape

both number of layers and shape

During a histological survey of nervous tissue, columnar cells with cilia and microvilli were observed under the microscope. What is the most likely source of the tissue sample? Entry field with correct answer brain ventricles white matter of spinal cord gray matter of brain ganglion of PNS

brain ventricles

The clouding of the lens due to aging or injury is called ____________. Entry field with correct answer glaucoma cataract macular degeneration pigmentation vascularation

cataract

Which of the following is NOT one of the tonsils which form a tonsillar (Waldeyer's) ring at the junction of the oral cavity and oropharynx and at the junction of the nasal cavity and nasopharynx? • palatine tonsils • pharyngeal (adenoid) tonsil • cervical tonsils • lingual tonsils

cervical tonsils

Which of the following is FALSE regarding compact bone? Entry field with correct answer contains spaces for red bone marrow composed of osteons covers and protects spongy bone found on the surface of bones makes up the bulk of the diaphysis of a long bone

contains spaces for red bone marrow

4. The fluid that surrounds the organelles is known as: • cytosol • cytoplasm • extracellular fluid • interstitial fluid

cytosol

4. _____________is the study of the body by systems, such as the cardiovascular, nervous, skeletal, and muscular systems. a. artificial anatomy b. regional anatomy c. physiology d. systemic anatomy e. surface anatomy

d

This neuron is found in the cerebellum and is named after a noted histologist who first described this cell. What is it called? a. Oligodendrocyte b. Schwann cell c. Astrocyte d. Purkinje cell e. Pyramidal cell

d. Purkinje cell

Which of the following is FALSE regarding skin color? Entry field with correct answer melanocytes transfer the pigment melanin to keratinocytes melanin can range in color from yellow-red to brown-black carotene and hemoglobin contribute to skin color the amount of melanin produced by melanocytes is variable between different skin colors dark-skinned individuals have many more melanocytes than light-skinned individuals

dark-skinned individuals have many more melanocytes than light-skinned individuals

Why does muscle strength decrease with aging? Entry field with correct answer decreased levels of physical activity less mitosis in skeletal muscle reduced capacity of fibers to produce actin and myosin less calcium is stored with aging

decreased levels of physical activity

One location for intramuscular injections is in the upper arm in this muscle that forms the rounded part of your shoulder. What muscle is that? Entry field with correct answer subscapularis deltoid biceps brachii pectoralis major

deltoid

The shoulder is a prominent anatomical feature to the upper arm. Which anatomical term is best associated with the lateral/superior aspect of the shoulder? Entry field with correct answer axilla biceps muscle pectoralis major muscle deltoid muscle triceps muscle

deltoid muscle

A type of ion channel that is open all the time is called a(n) ____________ channel, and it allows for materials to pass through the cell membrane via _________________. a. leak / active transport b. ligand-mediated / diffusion c. voltage-gated / facilitated diffusion d. ligand-gated / active transport e. leak / facilitated diffusion

e. leak / facilitated diffusion

19. The type of epithelial tissue that would be found in an organ, such as the urinary bladder that contains cells that can stretch and deform without rupture of the organ is called: a. adipose b. basement membrane c. collagen d. elastic cartilage e. transitional

e. transitional

What is the anatomical name for the part of the head commonly known as the forehead? Entry field with correct answer zygomatic region oral region orbital region frontal region

frontal region

The appearance of what feature indicates the end of bone growth in length? Entry field with correct answer epiphyseal ridge epiphyseal line osteon epiphyseal plate

epiphyseal line

Which of the following terms refers to the (proximal and distal) ends of a bone? Entry field with correct answer diaphysis endosteum epiphyses metaphyses periosteum

epiphyses

Which of the following tissues make up glands? connective epithelial muscular nervous

epithelial

Which of the following tissues make up glands? • connective • epithelial • muscular • nervous

epithelial

When charged, medium-sized molecules like glucose and amino acids move across a membrane from high to low concentration via a channel or carrier protein, the following process has occurred. • simple diffusion • osmosis • active transport involving membrane proteins • facilitated diffusion

facilitated diffusion

Capillaries found in the kidneys, choroid plexuses of the ventricles in the brain, and most endocrine glands are most likely to be ______________________ due to the ability of small molecules, but usually not cells, being able to pass through them. • continuous capillaries • fenestrated capillaries • sinusoid capillaries • lacteals • lymphatic capillaries

fenestrated capillaries

Which of the following types of cells, found in connective tissue, are the most abundant and produce collagen and elastic fibers? • macrophages • adipocytes • mast cells • fibroblasts • white blood cells

fibroblasts

Individual bones of the skull in the newborn are separated by connective tissue regions called: Entry field with correct answer suture fontanel plate cartilage

fontanel

In the fetus, what two structures allow most blood to bypass the lungs? • fossa ovalis and ligamentum arteriosum • foramen ovale and ductus arteriosus • fossa ovalis and ductus arteriosus • foramen ovale and ligamentum arteriosum

foramen ovale and ductus arteriosus

Using the three classification schemes presented in your text, categorize a receptor that detects the painful sensation of sand in the eye. Entry field with correct answer encapsulated nerve endings; photoreceptors, exteroceptors free nerve endings; nociceptors; exteroceptors separate cells; chemoreceptors; interoceptors free nerve endings; photoreceptors; proprioceptors

free nerve endings; nociceptors; exteroceptors

Which of the following is CORRECT for an individual with AB+ blood type? Entry field with correct answer has A, B, and Rh antibodies on the surface of the red blood cells has A, B, and Rh antibodies in the plasma lacks A, B, and Rh antigens on the surface of the red blood cells has AB and Rh antigens on the surface of the red blood cells has A, B, and Rh antigens on the surface of the red blood cells

has A, B, and Rh antigens on the surface of the red blood cells

Which of the following delivers nutrient-rich, deoxygenated blood to liver sinusoids? Entry field with correct answer central vein hepatic artery hepatic portal vein inferior vena cava hepatic vein

hepatic portal vein

Venous blood from the liver reaches the inferior vena cava via the • hepatic veins • splenic vein • hepatic portal vein • superior mesenteric vein

hepatic veins

The blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, renal pelvis and nerves enter and leave the kidney at the ___________________. Entry field with correct answer renal column hilum renal pyramid apex renal capsule

hilum

The knee is considered a modified Entry field with correct answer hinge joint saddle joint pivot joint ball-and-socket joint

hinge joint

Which sub-discipline of anatomy examines the microscopic structure of tissues? • cell biology • histology • surface anatomy • gross anatomy • regional anatomy

histology

How are innate and adaptive immunity different? Entry field with correct answer innate immunity is the defense we are born with; adaptive immunity is what we acquire once exposed to a pathogen innate immunity provides resistance; adaptive immunity provide susceptibility innate immunity provides resistance to viruses; adaptive provides resistance to bacteria innate immunity responds to specific pathogens in unique ways; adaptive responds to all pathogens the same way

innate immunity is the defense we are born with; adaptive immunity is what we acquire once exposed to a pathogen

The lack of production of this hormone produces diabetes. Entry field with correct answer thyroxin glucagon parathyroid insulin growth

insulin

The fibrous joint that forms a sheet of dense irregular connective tissue between two bones are Entry field with correct answer interosseous membranes synovial membranes sutures syndesmoses

interosseous membranes

Which of the following is the correct sequence of fluid flow, starting with blood capillaries (blood) and ending with junction of internal jugular and subclavian veins (blood)? Entry field with correct answer interstitial spaces→lymphatic vessels→lymphatic ducts→lymphatic capillaries lymphatic capillaries→lymphatic vessels→lymphatic ducts→interstitial spaces interstitial spaces→lymphatic capillaries→lymphatic vessels→lymphatic ducts lymphatic vessels→lymphatic ducts→interstitial spaces→lymphatic capillaries lymphatic ducts→lymphatic vessels→lymphatic capillaries→interstitial spaces

interstitial spaces→lymphatic capillaries→lymphatic vessels→lymphatic ducts

What is the function of the rotator cuff? Entry field with correct answer it anchors the humerus to the scapula it prevents over extension of the arm it reduces the movement of the shoulder it flexes the arm

it anchors the humerus to the scapula

. Which principle cell type makes up most of the epidermis, roughly 90%? • melanocytes • Langerhans cells • keratinocytes • tactile epithelial cells • nerve cells

keratinocytes

The perception of body movement is called _________________. Entry field with correct answer brachiation kinesthesia nociception mechanation movesthesia

kinesthesia

Which of the following is TRUE of thick skin? Entry field with correct answer contains sebaceous glands present on the face dermal papillae are fewer in number and less well organized lacks arrector pili muscles lacks epidermal ridges

lacks arrector pili muscles

Compared to skeletal and cardiac muscle, smooth muscle Entry field with correct answer lacks transverse tubules lacks actin and myosin lacks enzymes does not require calcium for contractions

lacks transverse tubules

Which is NOT a ganglia of the parasympathetic division? Entry field with correct answer otic pterygopalatine submandibular lacrimal ciliary

lacrimal

Which suture joins the two parietal bones and the occipital bone? Entry field with correct answer lambdoid sagittal coronal squamous occiparietal

lambdoid

Which structure forms the prominence on the lateral surface of the ankle? Entry field with correct answer lateral malleolus of tibia medial malleolus of tibia lateral condyle of tibia medial malleolus of fibula lateral malleolus of fibula

lateral malleolus of fibula

Which of the following contain papillary muscles? Entry field with correct answer left atrium only left and right atria left ventricle only left and right ventricles right ventricle only

left and right ventricles

If a surgeon performing an abdominal surgery wishes to avoid severing muscles and only damage a minimum of blood vessels and nerves, which of the following would be selected as the incision site? Entry field with correct answer linea alba linea semilunaris McBurney's point inguinal ligament anterior superior iliac spine

linea alba

Which of the following traces the flow of lymph from the lower extremities back to the circulatory system? • lymph node, lymph vessels, lymph trunks, lymph duct, subclavian vein • lymph vessels, lymph trunks, lymph duct, lymph node, subclavian vein • lymph vessels, lymph capillaries, lymph node, lymph duct, subclavian vein • lymph vessels, lymph node, lymph trunk, lymph duct, subclavian vein

lymph vessels, lymph node, lymph trunk, lymph duct, subclavian vein

B and T cells are types of Entry field with correct answer lymphocytes macrophages RBCs eosinophils

lymphocytes

The spaces or cavities characteristic of spongy bone are filled with ________________. Entry field with correct answer fluid connective tissue marrow muscle

marrow

During which large intestine mechanical movement is the colonic contents driven into the rectum? Entry field with correct answer haustral churning peristalsis mass peristalsis peristalsis and mass peristalsis

mass peristalsis

Which two skull bones contain alveolar processes? Entry field with correct answer maxilla and mandible bones sphenoid and ethmoid bones vomer and nasal bones lacrimal and parietal

maxilla and mandible bones

Which bone surface marking is described as a 'tubelike opening,' for example the opening for the ear canal through the temporal bone? Entry field with correct answer meatus tuberosity line epicondyle fossa

meatus

Using anatomical directional terms, complete the following:the ulna is ______ to the radius.

medial

Against which of the following does the ulnar nerve lie, thereby forming the "funny bone"? Entry field with correct answer coronoid process cubital fossa lateral epicondyle of the humerus medial epicondyle of the humerus olecranon

medial epicondyle of the humerus

If you crossed your eyes, which extrinsic eye muscle would you be contracting? Entry field with correct answer medial rectus lateral rectus superior rectus superior oblique

medial rectus

What vessel is frequently used to withdraw blood for diagnostic purposes? Entry field with correct answer cubital artery brachial vein radial vein median cubital vein

median cubital vein

Which of the following is NOT located in the dermis? Entry field with correct answer melanocytes hair follicles free nerve endings touch receptors blood vessels

melanocytes

Which of the following produce pigment granules? Entry field with correct answer keratinocytes Langerhans cells melanocytes tactile epithelial cells

melanocytes

The fan-shaped fold peritoneum which secures the loops of the jejunum and ileum to the posterior abdominal wall is the Entry field with correct answer greater omentum falciform ligament mesentery mesocolon

mesentery

All muscles of the body except the muscles of the iris of the eyeball is derived from Entry field with correct answer mesoderm ectoderm endoderm periderm

mesoderm

The development of the kidney is from this embryonic tissue layer. Entry field with correct answer ectoderm renal mesoderm urethral endoderm

mesoderm

Which of the following is a route for nutrients and oxygen to reach osteocytes in the compact bone of a diaphysis? Entry field with correct answer central canal, canaliculi, perforating canal, periosteum trabecula, central canal, canaliculi perforating canal, periosteum, central canal, canaliculi periosteum, canaliculi, central canal, perforating canal periosteum, perforating canal, central canal, canaliculi

periosteum, perforating canal, central canal, canaliculi

Which of the following is the correct sequence of bones of the upper limb, from distal to proximal ends? Entry field with correct answer carpals, metacarpals, phalanges, radius and ulna, humerus humerus, radius and ulna, metacarpals, carpals, phalanges humerus, tibia and ulna, metatarsals, tarsals, phalanges phalanges, metacarpals, carpals, radius and fibula, humerus phalanges, metacarpals, carpals, radius and ulna, humerus

phalanges, metacarpals, carpals, radius and ulna, humerus

The palatine tonsils and pharyngeal tonsil (adenoid) are aggregates of lymphoid tissue located in the: • nasal cavity • pharynx (throat) • larynx (voice box) • trachea (windpipe)

pharynx (throat)

A professor evaluating a student's histology lab report noted that the student identified the observed tissue sample source as the brain of a sheep. However, in that same report the student described another observation that is inconsistent with that first observation. Which of the following observations would be incorrect for a tissue sample from a sheep brain? Entry field with correct answer presence of satellite cells presence of ciliated columnar ependymal cells presence of myelin sheaths presence of microglial cells

presence of satellite cells

The first evidence of gastrulation is the formation of the __________. Entry field with correct answer primitive streak notochord neural tube somites

primitive streak

How do basal cells contribute to olfaction? Entry field with correct answer produce new olfactory receptors serve as olfactory receptors transmit the olfactory neural impulse to the brain produce the protective epithelial cells lining the nasal passages

produce new olfactory receptors

Which joints are cartilaginous? Entry field with correct answer pubic symphysis sacroiliac intercarpal radioulnar

pubic symphysis

ll of the joints below are freely moveable except Entry field with correct answer pubic symphysis sacroiliac intercarpal radioulnar

pubic symphysis

Which of the following transports oxygenated (oxygen-rich) blood? Entry field with correct answer pulmonary trunk superior vena cava right ventricle pulmonary veins pulmonary arteries

pulmonary veins

The complete transection of the spinal cord at the C4 or C5 vertebral level would normally result in ________________. Entry field with correct answer hemiplegia paraplegia monoplegia quadriplegia death by respiratory failure

quadriplegia

Which of the following is NOT one of the four basic types of tissues comprising the human body? connective epithelial muscular nervous skeletal

skeletal

Along with bones and joints, the type of muscle tissue responsible for providing body movements is/are Entry field with correct answer skeletal muscle cardiac muscle smooth muscle skeletal and smooth muscle

skeletal muscle

Which structure does NOT normally produce any hormones? Entry field with correct answer stomach kidney placenta adipose tissue skeletal muscle tissue

skeletal muscle tissue

The model describing skeletal muscles shorterning during contraction due to the thick and thin filaments sliding past one another is the ___ mechanism. Entry field with correct answer sliding filament synaptic cleft sarcomere synapsing neuromuscular junction

sliding filament

The overstimulation of the vagus nerve may cause ______________. Entry field with correct answer slowing or stopping of the heart rate dilation of the pupil of the eye slowing or stopping of the gastrointestinal tract speeding up of the heart dilation of the bronchial muscles of the lung

slowing or stopping of the heart rate

When you run your hand down the posterior surface of your neck, you'll feel a large bump at about the level of your shoulders. What makes this bump? Entry field with correct answer spinous process of C7 transverse process of C7 styloid process of C5 spinous condyle of C5

spinous process of C7

What forms during the first round of mitosis of a spermatagonia?

two 2n cells

At the elbow joint, which ligaments connect the humerus and the ulna? Entry field with correct answer ulnar collateral ligament radial collateral ligament interosseus membrane olecranon bursa

ulnar collateral ligament

What is the "funny bone"? Entry field with correct answer ulnar nerve radial nerve musculocutaneous nerve brachial nerve

ulnar nerve

In the figure shown, oxygen and nutrients are carried from the placenta into the fetus by the: chorionic villi umbilical arteries allantois umbilical vein lacunae

umbilical vein

This structure connects the kidney and urinary bladder. Entry field with correct answer minor calyx ureter major calyx urethra renal pelvis

ureter

In the figure shown, where does fertilization normally occur?

uterine (fallopian) tube

Which of the following is a feature of veins of the lower limbs but not of arteries? Entry field with correct answer tunica externa tunica interna (intima) tunica media valves none of these choices

valves

Plasma is made up primarily of: Entry field with correct answer proteins electrolytes dissolved gases water

water

When you smile, you can palpate a muscle superior and lateral to the corner of your mouth. Which muscle is this? Entry field with correct answer zygomaticus masseter buccinator frontalis

zygomaticus

There are 4 chambers inside the heart. Which chamber(s) receive blood from outside the heart? 1. right atrium 2. right ventricle 3. left atrium 4. left ventricle • 1 only • 2 only • 3 only • 4 only • 1 and 3

• 1 and 3