Human anatomy final review
having a matrix is a characteristic of which type of tissue? epithelial connective muscular cardiac bueral
connective
the crista galli is a bone feature found on which of the following bones ?
ethmoid
splenis capitis
extends neck
latissiumus dorsi action
extends, adducts, and medially rotates humerus
Pressure, pain, and temperature receptors in the skin are: interoceptors mechanoreceptors proprioceptors exteroceptors
exteroceptors
which bone has the linea aspera as a bone feature ?
femur
when calcium levels in the blood fall below homeostasis, which bone cells act to raise calcium levels and through what mechanism ? -osteoblast;depositon -osteoclast;depositon -osteoclast;resorption -osteoblast;resorption
ostepclast;resorption
The ________ hormone triggers the contraction of smooth muscles in the walls of lactiferous ducts & sinuses, which eject milks out of the nipple. oxytocin luteinizing hormone estrogen prolactin
oxytocin
If a needle pokes your skin and the result in instant bleeding, which skin layer had the needle reached? stratum spinosum, papillary layer stratum basale stratum granulosm startum corneum
papillary layer
The gastrocnemius acts to do the following: dorsiflex the ankle and extend the knee extend and adduct the femur dorsiflex the ankle and flex the knee plantar flex the ankle and flex the knee
plantar flex the ankle and flex the knee
If osteoclast activity exceeds osteoblast activity in a bone, how will bone mass be affected? -mineralization of the bone would occur at a much slower rate -matrix deposition would occur at a much slower rate and therefore reapsorption would occur at a slower rate as well -the would have an decrease mineral content and result,it would also be weaker -the bone would have an increased mineral content and, as a result, it would also be stronger
-the would have an decrease mineral content and result,it would also be weaker
Which of the following helps maintain the intraocular pressure; located in the anterior part of the eye? retina lens aqueous humor fovea
Aqueous humor
how many layers of the dermis is present in thick skin ? 2 5 4 3
2
The larynx is composed of _______ big pieces of cartilage: ____ ______ cartilage, and ____ _______ cartilage. 2; 1 hyaline and 1 elastic 3; 3 hyaline and 0 elastic 3; 2 hyaline and 1 elastic 3; 1 hyaline and 2 elastic
3; 2 hyaline and 1 elastic
Which of the following stays the same length during muscle contraction? Both H and I bands stay the same length I band H band A band
A band
Which cranial nerve has a cranial root and a spinal root? Hypoglossal nerve - CN XII A Accessory nerve - CN XI Glossopharyngeal nerve - CN IX Abducens nerve - CN VI
Accessory Nerve CN XI
pectoralis major
Adducts and flexes humerus
In the brain, the separation of the periosteal layer and the meningeal layer form which structure(s)? All dural venous sinuses Subarachnoid space Lateral ventricles Subdural space
All dural venous sinuses
TONIC(receptors)
All pain receptors are this class of receptor
distal convoluted tubule
Between the loop of Henle and the collecting duct; Selective reabsorption and secretion occur here, most notably to regulate reabsorption of water and sodium
Although rare, brain stem damage may occur due to inflammation produced by other brain injuries. Which of the following functions will be affected due to damage in the Pons? Communication between lateral and third ventricles. Regulation of body's internal temperature. Communication between cerebellum and cerebrum. Processing of sight and auditory data.
Communication between cerebellum and cerebrum.
tendon
Connects muscle to bone
Trapezius
Elevates, depresses, retracts, and rotates the scapula; rotates the arm
Which of the following is a fold of dura mater between the right and left cerebral hemispheres? Longitudinal fissure Tentorium cerebelli Falx cerebri Falx cerebelli
Falx cerebri
Which of the following statements regarding cardiac muscle contraction is TRUE? The only type of cell junction in cardiac muscle is gap junctions Contraction of cardiac muscle requires only a stimulus and ATP Contraction of cardiac muscle relies mainly on input from the nervous system Gap junctions in the heart allow electrical impulses to travel from one cardiac cell to another
Gap junctions in the heart allow electrical impulses to travel from one cardiac cell to another
Which three components make up the Porta Hepatis? Hepatic artery proper, common hepatic vein, common bile duct Common hepatic artery, common hepatic vein, common bile duct Hepatic artery proper, hepatic portal vein, common bile duct Common hepatic artery, hepatic portal vein, common bile duct
Hepatic artery proper, hepatic portal vein, common bile duct
What is the tunica vaginalis and where is it located in the male reproductive system? It is a serous membrane that covers the testes It is a tissue not found in the male reproductive system It is a dense fibrous capsule that invaginates and form the testes septa It is the outer layer of the ductus deferens
It is a serous membrane that covers the testes
right hypochondriac region contains
Liver, Gallbladder, Right Kidney, Small Intestine
in the muscular layer of the digestive system, which of the following stimulate contraction? submucosal neural plexus Sympathetic fibers Myenteric neural plexus Muscularis mucosae
Myenteric neural plexus
The __________ separates the nasal and oral cavities. nasal septum pharynx internal nare palate
Palate
The receptors that get adapted over the course of time, and provide information on the intensity and rate of change of a stimulus are termed: phasic receptors proprioceptors photoreceptors tonic receptors
Phasic receptors
Which of the following adducts the scapula? Rhomboid minor Teres minor Serratus anterior Pectoralis minor
Rhomboid minor
Photoreceptors
Rods and cones respond to light
While doing yoga, Ann noted that when she sat with her legs crossed, she felt a sharp pain in her thigh. The muscle that allows Ann to cross her legs is called: Quadriceps Femoris Tibialis Anterior Sartorius Adductor Longus
Sartorius
The white, outer tough connective tissue covering of the eyeball is called: choroid ciliary muscle retina sclera
Sclera
Where in the spinal cord is the cerebrospinal fluid located? A.) Pia Mater A.) Dura Mater A.) Subdural Space A.) Arachnoid A.) Subarachnoid Space
Subarchanoid space
Select the correct statement about the heart valves. Aortic and pulmonary valves control the flow of blood into the heart. The bicuspid valve separates the right atrium from the right ventricle The tricuspid valve divides the left atrium from the left ventricle. The AV valves are supported by chordae tendineae so that they do not blow back up into the atria during ventricular contraction
The AV valves are supported by chordae tendineae so that they do not blow back up into the atria during ventricular contraction
During atrial systole, atrial blood passes passively into the ventricles. The semilunar valves are open. The ventricles are in systole. The atrioventricular valves are open.
The atrioventricular valves are open.
sensory amplification
The energy of the stimuli actually gets strengthened by the sensory receptors or by other cells or structures in the sensory pathways. Sound gets enhanced, Light energy is turned into action potentials that have way more energy than the original light energy
Frank has been outside playing basketball in 101°F weather. Describe the appearance of his testicles from your understanding of their muscular anatomy. They are father from his body and smooth because the muscles are contracting They are closer to his body and wrinkled because the muscles are contracting. They are father from his body and smooth because the muscles are relaxed. They are closer to his body and wrinkled because the muscles are relaxed.
They are father from his body and smooth because the muscles are relaxed.
The _________________________ innervates the superior oblique muscle. Optic nerve - CN II Oculomotor nerve - CN III Vagus nerve - CN X Trochlear nerve - CN IV
Trochlear nerve CN IV
Buccinator
Used to suck in your cheeks
The ________________________ innervates the trapezius and the sternocleidomastoid. Vagus nerve (CN X) Trigeminal nerve (CN V) Vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII) Accessory nerve (CN XI)
accessory nerve (CN XI)
thin filaments
actin, tropomyosin, troponin
Fertilization most likely occurs at the ovaries uterus ampulla of the uterine tubule fimbrae of the uterine tube
ampulla of the uterine tubule
when the foreman is pronated , the shaft of the radius is ________ to the shaft of the ulna, posterior anterior lateral cephalic medial
anterior
In the spinal cord, the somas of the lower motor neurons are found in the: posterior horns central canal cauda equina dorsal root ganglia anterior horns
anterior horns
Which structure prevents backflow into the left ventricle? mitral valve aortic valve pulmonary valve tricuspid valve
aortic ventricle
The process of ejaculation is under control of the _________ nervous system, because it is mainly ________ . Autonomic; voluntary Somatic; involuntary Somatic; voluntary Autonomic; involuntary
autonomic ; involuntary
During the early phase of ventricular filling: pressure in the heart is at its peak blood flows passively from atria to the ventricles ventricles are in systole atria are in systole
blood flows passively from atria to the ventricles
The afferent division of the pns ______, while the efferent division of the PNS ______.
brings sensory information to the CNS ; carries motor command from CNS to effectors
The superior trunk originates from the branches of which cervical nerve? C5 and C6 C3-C5 C5-C8 C1-C5 C5-T1
c5 and c6
what component of the bone matrix gives it its toughness? -lamallae -osteoid -calcium phosphate -collagen fibers
calcium phosphate
The bolus enters the stomach at which region? body cardia fundus pylorus
cardia
The ridge found at the bifurcation of the trachea is called the: hilum carina c-shaped rings trachealis muscle
carina
what is the anatomical name of the bones that make up the distal portion of the wrist joint ? radius & ulna carpals tarsals metatarsals
carpals
Below L1-L2, the vertebral canal is occupied by a bundle of spinal nerve roots called the: cauda equina filum terminale sacral plexus descending tracts conus medullaris
cauda equina
The nerve branching off of C5 can belong to both the _________ and ________ plexuses. cervical; phrenic cervical; brachial lumbar; sacral brachial; lumbar cervical; thoracic
cervical; brachial
Which of the following is NOT a structure found in the spermatozoa? head cilia acrosome neck mitochondria
cilia
This structure in females is homologous to the corpus cavernosum in males: bulb of the vestibule vagina clitoris labia majora
clitoris
orbicularis oris
closes and protrudes lips
The bile originating from the right and left hepatic ducts must pass through which ducts to reach the gallbladder? common bile duct, cystic duct common hepatic duct, common bile duct common hepatic duct, common bile duct, cystic duct hepatic portal duct, cystic duct, hepatic proper duct
common hepatic duct, common bile duct, cystic duct
Sarcomere
contractile unit of a muscle fiber
the ____ suture separates the frontal and parietal bones of the skull.
coronal
Conscious perception of vision probably reflects activity in the: thalamus optic chiasm visual bulb cortex of the occipital lobe
cortex of the occipital lobe
There are two joints between the thoracic vertebrae and ribs. which of the following pairs of bone features articulate with one another to form one of these joints ? -costal facet on the centrum ; rib tubercle -costal facet on the transverse process ; rib head -spinous process ; rib head -costal facet on the centrum ; rib head
costal facet on the centrum ; rib head
which body cavity is formed by cranial bones? pelvic cavity abdominal cavity cranial cavity verterbral cavity thoracic cavity
cranial cavity
which bone feature is where one can find the olfactory nerve and what bone can it be found on ? -sella turcica,spheniod bone -foramen lacerum, temporal bone supra -orbital foramen, frontal bone -cribriform plate, ethmoid plate
cribriform plate, ethmoid bone
The first duct bile squeezed out of the gallbladder passes through is the cystic duct left hepatic duct common bile duct common hepatic duct
cystic duct
the back is ______ to the abdomen anterior lateral medial dorsal caudal
dorsal
Which of the following abducts the arm? Deltoid Biceps brachii Trapezius Pectoralis major
deltoid
Which structure of the teeth is most similar to bone? root canal enamel dentine pulp cavity
dentine
depressor labii inferioris
depresses lower lip
Masseter
elevates mandible
levator scapulae
elevates scapula
In an adult, the epiphysis is separated from the diaphysis by the: epiphyseal plate articular cartilage epiphyseal line suture
epiphyseal line
The prime mover of spinal extension is the: trapezius latissimus dorsi levator scapulae splenius capitis erector spinae
erector spinae
In addition to flexing the knee, the sartorius: extends and medially rotates the hip joint flexes and laterally rotates the hip joint adducts the thigh extends and laterally rotates the hip joint
flexes and laterally rotates the hip joint
The act of bending the wrist so that the palmar portion of the hand is moved closer to the forearm involves what movement ? extension flexion abduction medial rotation dorsiflexion
flexion
Which action is performed by most of the muscles located on the anterior compartment of the forearm? supination flexion extension abduction pronation
flexion
Adduction at the wrist involves contraction of the: flexor carpi ulnaris & extensor carpi ulnaris flexor carpi radialis, flexor carpi ulnaris extensor carpi radialis longus, extensor carpi radialis brevis, extensor carpi ulnaris extensor carpi radialis longus, extensor carpi radialis brevis, flexor carpi radialis
flexor carpi ulnaris & extensor carpi ulnaris
Which of the following muscles form the Achille's Tendon? plantaris and soleus plantaris and popliteus gastrocnemius and soleus gastrocnemius and plantaris tibialis posterior and gastrocnemius
gastrocnemius and soleus
which branch of anatomy is defined by the study of body structures that can be examined using unaided eye ? histology developmental biology gross anatomy cell biology embryology
gross anatomy
which bone is most proximal when compared to the other answers ? styolid process of ylna styloid process of radius head of the humerus head of the radiys head of the ulna
head of the humerus
Ventricular systole happens: in a wave that begins at the apex and spreads toward the base in a wave that begins at the base and spreads toward the apex in a wave starting at the middle of the interventricular septum and going around the mid line of ventricles in no particular direction; all ventricular cells contract at the same time
in a wave that begins at the apex and spreads toward the base
Which structure communicates the lateral ventricles to the third ventricle? aqueduct of the midbrain interthalamic adhesion central canal interventricular foramen
interventricular foramen
which three bones form the coxal bone ?
ischium,ilium,pubis
Which of the following distinguishes smooth muscle from skeletal and cardiac muscle? it is striated it contracts voluntarily it contracts on its own intrinsic rhythm without any external stimulation it contracts involuntarily it is nonstriated
it is nonstriated
A thick midline ridge in the thyroid cartilage that is sometimes referred to as the Adam's apple is technically named the: laryngeal prominence glottis epiglottis cricoid extension
laryngeal prominence
teres minor action
laterally rotates arm
Which of the following muscles raises the upper lip? depressor labii superioris masseter orbicularis oris levator labii superioris buccinator
levator labii superioris
Production of bile is one of several important functions of the: liver gallbladder pancreas appendix
liver
Which type of general sense receptor detects pressure changes in walls of blood vessels and in portions of the digestive, reproductive and urinary tracts? chemoreceptors nociceptors mechanoreceptors thermoreceptors
mechanoreceptors
The vital centers for the control of visceral activities such as heart rate, breathing, and blood pressure are located in the: Pons Mesencephalon Medulla oblongata Midbrain
medulla oblongata
This phase consists of the destruction of the endometrium. Arteries of the region will constrict blood flow and cause cells of endometrium to die. Which phase is it? proliferative phase ovulation menstruation secretory phase
menstruation
what joint is considered biaxial ? knee shoulder pubic symphysis metatarso-phalangeal joints hip
metatarso-phalangeal joints
Proprioceptors
monitor the position and movement of skeletal muscles and joints
The fat pad that sits on the two pubic bones is known as: labia minora labia majora prepuce mons pubis
mons pubis
A muscle fascicle is composed of several: myofibrils endomysium tendons muscle fibers
muscle fibers
thick filaments
myosin
A cross-bridge is formed when _______________ bind to _______________. Myosin heads; actin Troponin; actin actin heads; myosin Myosin heads; tropomyosin
myosin heads ; actin
The _____________ is the functional unit of the kidney. nephron renal pyramid renal cortex renal medulla
nephron
which of the following describes a gomphosis joint correctly ? -one bone rotates around another bone -the convex atrticular surface of one bone fits into a concave articular surface of another bone -the flat articular surfaces of two bones glide past one another -no statement is describing a gomphosis joint -the rounded ,ball-like end of one bone fits into a concave depression of another bone
no statement is describing a gomphosis joint
Potentially damaging stimuli that result in pain are selectively detected by: photoreceptors nociceptors proprioceptors interoceptors
nociceptors
Gaps in the myenlination of axons known as __ are present ____.
node of ranvier ; for saltatory conduction and increased speed of action potential transmission
When viewing a dissected heart, it is easy to visually discern the right and left ventricles by: noticing the thickness of the ventricle walls locating the apex finding the papillary muscles tracing out where the auricles connect
noticing the thickness of the ventricle walls
Which of the following is not a functional synovial joint ? nourishment of chondrocytes nourishment of osteocytes shock absorption lubrication
nourishment of osteocytes
Which of the following is in the correct order of the olfactory pathway? olfactory epithelium, olfactory nerve, central nervous system, olfactory bulb olfactory epithelium, olfactory nerve, olfactory tract, thalamus, cerebral cortex, olfactory epithelium, olfactory nerve, olfactory tract, cerebral cortex olfactory epithelium, olfactory tract, olfactory nerve, cerebral cortex
olfactory epithelium, olfactory nerve, olfactory tract, cerebral cortex
The scientific term for "blind spot" is: optic disc optic chiasm fovea vitreous humor
optic disc
The ___________ is lined by squamous epithelium. nasopharynx trachea oropharynx nasal cavity
oropharynx
this kind of section separates right and left portions of the body in anatomical positions but misses the midline. which kind of section is this ? parasagittal section transverse section coronal section midsagittal section frontal section
parasagittal section
ithin the stomach lining, _______________ cells secrete hydrochloric acid. parietal G chief zymogen
parietal
Blood is pushed out from the right atrium into the right ventricle (every last drop of it) by this muscle. Can you name the structure? chordae tendineae papillary muscles pectinate muscles AV valves
pectinate muscles
Eva Marie is a boxer! She goes and trains at her gym to properly prepare for her competitions against other boxers. Her last match consisted of her throwing five punches in a row and resulted in a knock out. Which of the following muscles were used to perform a punch if we are discussing movement at the level of the SHOULDER joint? sternocleidomastoid levator scapulae pectoralis minor latissimus dorsi
pectoralis minor
Which of these is NOT a region of the spinal cord? cervical lumbar pelvic thoracic sacral
pelvic
Which cord is formed by all trunks? ventral anterior posterior medial lateral
posterior
the main function of a fibrous joint is to
provide stability between two bones
which kind of epithelium would you find in lining the nasal cavity ? transitional epithelium simple columnar stratified squamous psuedostratified cilitaed columnar epithelium
psuedostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
serratus anterior
pulls scapula anteriorly and downward
Which structure prevents backflow into the right ventricle? mitral valve tricuspid valve pulmonary valve aortic valve
pulmonary valve
Collectively as a group, the muscles of the anterior thigh that work together to extend the leg are referred to as: rectus femoris gluteus maximus hamstrings quadriceps femoris
quadriceps femoris
The ulnar notch is located in the ________(bone) and articulates with the _____ -ulna ; head of the radius -ulna ; head of the ulna -radius; head of the ulna -radius ; head of the radius -humerus ; capitulum
radius ; head of the ulna
Which of the following is true of the proximal convoluted tubule? contains simple squamous epithelium reabsorbs glucose is under ADH control contains stratified cuboidal epithelium
reabsorbs glucose
The phrenic nerve ______________. Branches off at the clavicle into the sternothyroid nerve. Is an integral part of the reflex arc. Is part of the brachial plexus. Reaches diaphragm and innervates it.
reaches the diaphgram and innervates it
_________are found only in the peripheral nervous system. astrocytes oligodendrocytes satellite cells microglia ependymal cells
satellite cells
Which structure anchors the kidney to surrounding structures? hilum fibrous capsule renal fascia perinephric fat
renal fascia
mechanoreceptors
respond to touch, pressure, vibration, stretch, and itch
what is the correct order in which bone reformation occurs ?
resting bone, resorption, reversal, matrix deposition, mineralization
The pubic symphysis united which two bones ? right and left ilium right and left pubis ilium to the sacrum right and left ischium
right and left pubis
Internal folds of the stomach are called: mesentery rugae pylorus haustra
rugae
Which gland produces the largest volume of "basic" semen and, as a consequence, is the main gland responsible for neutralizing the acidity of the vagina? prostatic gland seminal gland membranous gland bulbourethral gland
seminal gland
interreceptors
sense internal stimuli
CCK is release in the blood stream when enteroendocrine cells of the duodenum sense the stomach production of mucus and HCl sense the bolus going through the esophagus sense the gallbladder squeezing sense the acidic chyme within the duodenum
sense the acidic chyme within the duodenum
________occurs when a receptor becomes so accustomed to the stimulation that it stops gathering impulses. sensory amplification sensory exhaustion sensory accommodation sensory adaptation
sensory adaptation
Anne had pale skin and goes to the beach. Instead of getting tan, her skin gets red and maybe even burned. why does that happen ? she has increased blood supply to her skin she produces more melanocytes she produces more melanin she produces less melanin she produces less melanocytes
she produces less melanin
Which of the following describes how signals pass through a typical single neuron ?
signals pass from the dendrites through the cell body and down the axon to the axon terminals.
the following are examples of connective tissue, except : cartlages bones tendons blood skeletal muscle
skeletal muscle
left hypochondriac region contains
stomach, liver (tip), left kidney, spleen
what layer of skin are mekle cells present in ? stratum spinosum stratum basale stratum granulosm stratum corneum
stratum basale
Layers of thick skin from superficial to deep
stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, stratum basale
which is the last layer of skin in which the cells are still living ? stratum granulosm stratum basale startum lucidum stratum spinosum stratum corneum
stratum granulosm
Which epidermal layer is found only in thick skin? stratum lucidum stratum basale stratum spinosum stratum germinativum
straum lucidum
The abducens nerve _________. is a branch of the trigeminal nerve exits from the medulla supplies innervation to the lateral rectus muscle of the eye relays sensory information from taste buds on the tongue
supplies innervation to the lateral rectus muscle of the eye
Which tarsal bone articulates with the tibia? calcaneus navicular talus cuboid
talus
Amanda was recently driving and was involved in a T-bone car accident. As the other car struck her passenger side ,Amanda's heat hit against the side window located on the drivers door. what part of the skull would, most likely, be the areas where could have sustained injuries?
temporal and parietal bones
The epimysium, endomysium and perimysium come together at the end of a skeletal muscle to form a: tendon thin filaments thick filaments sarcomere
tendon
Which statement defines extensibility? the ability to stretch. the ability of a muscle to rebound toward its original length after a contraction the ability to shorten when receiveing a theshold stimulus. ability to respond to stimulation
the ability to stretch
one characteristic of ALL epithelia is the attachment , which means that there are no blood vessels within the epithelia epithelia are composed by cells bound closely together cells forming the typical epithelium are strongly attached to each other the basal surface of a typical epithelium is bound to thin basal lamina
the basal surface of a typical epithelium is bound to thin basal lamina
which of the following bones articulate with the femur? tibula and fibia tibia tibia and fibula fibula
tibia
What type of epithelium allows for expansion of the ureters and bladder to stretch in order to accommodate urine, and then recoil back to the original shape when they are empty? elastic epithelium ciliated epithelium squamosal epithelium transitional epithelium
transitional epithelium
the urinary bladder is an organ that due to its function is required to be constantly contracting and expanding (relaxing).what type of epithelium is Present therefore is this organ? stratified cuboidal epithelium simple squamous epithelium transitional epithelium muscular epithelium
transitional epithelium
Which carpal bone, based on its location , would articulate with the metacarpal of the thumb ? -triquetrum -scaphiod -capitate -pisiform -trapezium
trapezium
Which structure is known as an AV valve with three flaps? aortic valve mitral valve pulmonary valve tricuspid valve
tricuspid valve
The "lubb" sound heard with a stethoscope is caused by: Contraction of the atria Turbulence in the blood when the semilunar valves close Blood rushing through the semilunar valves when they open. Turbulence in the blood when the AV valves close
turbulence in the blood when the AV valves close
most of the small intestine is in the ___ region pubic right hypochondriac epigastric left hypochondriac umbilical reigon
umbilical region
What structure transports urine from the kidney to the bladder? urethra nephron ureter renal pelvis
ureter
organ system that removes waste from your body? respiratory urinary endocrine cardiovascular circulatory
urinary
The ___________________________nerve is the longest cranial nerve. It even goes down to the abdominal cavity and innervates the digestive system. hypoglossal vagus glossopharyngeal trigeminal
vagus
The longest nerve that innervates the digestive system is the: hypoglossal vagus glossopharyngeal trigeminal
vagus
The motor command leaves through the: posterior root ventral root dorsal root
ventral root
Amanda has dimples. Dimples are an inheritable trait caused by a shortened muscle which leads to a small depression in the flesh, either one that exists permanently or one that forms in the cheeks when one smiles. Which muscle causes this effect? masseter depressor anguli oris levator labii superioris zygomaticus major orbicularis oris
zygomaticus major