Human anatomy final review

having a matrix is a characteristic of which type of tissue? epithelial connective muscular cardiac bueral

connective

the crista galli is a bone feature found on which of the following bones ?

ethmoid

splenis capitis

extends neck

latissiumus dorsi action

extends, adducts, and medially rotates humerus

Pressure, pain, and temperature receptors in the skin are: interoceptors mechanoreceptors proprioceptors exteroceptors

exteroceptors

which bone has the linea aspera as a bone feature ?

femur

when calcium levels in the blood fall below homeostasis, which bone cells act to raise calcium levels and through what mechanism ? -osteoblast;depositon -osteoclast;depositon -osteoclast;resorption -osteoblast;resorption

ostepclast;resorption

The ________ hormone triggers the contraction of smooth muscles in the walls of lactiferous ducts & sinuses, which eject milks out of the nipple. oxytocin luteinizing hormone estrogen prolactin

oxytocin

If a needle pokes your skin and the result in instant bleeding, which skin layer had the needle reached? stratum spinosum, papillary layer stratum basale stratum granulosm startum corneum

papillary layer

The gastrocnemius acts to do the following: dorsiflex the ankle and extend the knee extend and adduct the femur dorsiflex the ankle and flex the knee plantar flex the ankle and flex the knee

plantar flex the ankle and flex the knee

If osteoclast activity exceeds osteoblast activity in a bone, how will bone mass be affected? -mineralization of the bone would occur at a much slower rate -matrix deposition would occur at a much slower rate and therefore reapsorption would occur at a slower rate as well -the would have an decrease mineral content and result,it would also be weaker -the bone would have an increased mineral content and, as a result, it would also be stronger

-the would have an decrease mineral content and result,it would also be weaker

Which of the following helps maintain the intraocular pressure; located in the anterior part of the eye? retina lens aqueous humor fovea

Aqueous humor

how many layers of the dermis is present in thick skin ? 2 5 4 3

2

The larynx is composed of _______ big pieces of cartilage: ____ ______ cartilage, and ____ _______ cartilage. 2; 1 hyaline and 1 elastic 3; 3 hyaline and 0 elastic 3; 2 hyaline and 1 elastic 3; 1 hyaline and 2 elastic

3; 2 hyaline and 1 elastic

Which of the following stays the same length during muscle contraction? Both H and I bands stay the same length I band H band A band

A band

Which cranial nerve has a cranial root and a spinal root? Hypoglossal nerve - CN XII A Accessory nerve - CN XI Glossopharyngeal nerve - CN IX Abducens nerve - CN VI

Accessory Nerve CN XI

pectoralis major

Adducts and flexes humerus

In the brain, the separation of the periosteal layer and the meningeal layer form which structure(s)? All dural venous sinuses Subarachnoid space Lateral ventricles Subdural space

All dural venous sinuses

TONIC(receptors)

All pain receptors are this class of receptor

distal convoluted tubule

Between the loop of Henle and the collecting duct; Selective reabsorption and secretion occur here, most notably to regulate reabsorption of water and sodium

Although rare, brain stem damage may occur due to inflammation produced by other brain injuries. Which of the following functions will be affected due to damage in the Pons? Communication between lateral and third ventricles. Regulation of body's internal temperature. Communication between cerebellum and cerebrum. Processing of sight and auditory data.

Communication between cerebellum and cerebrum.

tendon

Connects muscle to bone

Trapezius

Elevates, depresses, retracts, and rotates the scapula; rotates the arm

Which of the following is a fold of dura mater between the right and left cerebral hemispheres? Longitudinal fissure Tentorium cerebelli Falx cerebri Falx cerebelli

Falx cerebri

Which of the following statements regarding cardiac muscle contraction is TRUE?​ The only type of cell junction in cardiac muscle is gap junctions Contraction of cardiac muscle requires only a stimulus and ATP Contraction of cardiac muscle relies mainly on input from the nervous system Gap junctions in the heart allow electrical impulses to travel from one cardiac cell to another

Gap junctions in the heart allow electrical impulses to travel from one cardiac cell to another

Which three components make up the Porta Hepatis? Hepatic artery proper, common hepatic vein, common bile duct Common hepatic artery, common hepatic vein, common bile duct Hepatic artery proper, hepatic portal vein, common bile duct Common hepatic artery, hepatic portal vein, common bile duct

Hepatic artery proper, hepatic portal vein, common bile duct

What is the tunica vaginalis and where is it located in the male reproductive system? It is a serous membrane that covers the testes It is a tissue not found in the male reproductive system It is a dense fibrous capsule that invaginates and form the testes septa It is the outer layer of the ductus deferens

It is a serous membrane that covers the testes

right hypochondriac region contains

Liver, Gallbladder, Right Kidney, Small Intestine

in the muscular layer of the digestive system, which of the following stimulate contraction? submucosal neural plexus Sympathetic fibers Myenteric neural plexus Muscularis mucosae

Myenteric neural plexus

The __________ separates the nasal and oral cavities. nasal septum pharynx internal nare palate

Palate

The receptors that get adapted over the course of time, and provide information on the intensity and rate of change of a stimulus are termed: phasic receptors proprioceptors photoreceptors tonic receptors

Phasic receptors

Which of the following adducts the scapula? Rhomboid minor Teres minor Serratus anterior Pectoralis minor

Rhomboid minor

Photoreceptors

Rods and cones respond to light

While doing yoga, Ann noted that when she sat with her legs crossed, she felt a sharp pain in her thigh. The muscle that allows Ann to cross her legs is called: Quadriceps Femoris Tibialis Anterior Sartorius Adductor Longus

Sartorius

The white, outer tough connective tissue covering of the eyeball is called: choroid ciliary muscle retina sclera

Sclera

Where in the spinal cord is the cerebrospinal fluid located? A.) Pia Mater A.) Dura Mater A.) Subdural Space A.) Arachnoid A.) Subarachnoid Space

Subarchanoid space

Select the correct statement about the heart valves. Aortic and pulmonary valves control the flow of blood into the heart. The bicuspid valve separates the right atrium from the right ventricle The tricuspid valve divides the left atrium from the left ventricle. The AV valves are supported by chordae tendineae so that they do not blow back up into the atria during ventricular contraction

The AV valves are supported by chordae tendineae so that they do not blow back up into the atria during ventricular contraction

During atrial systole, atrial blood passes passively into the ventricles. The semilunar valves are open. The ventricles are in systole. The atrioventricular valves are open.

The atrioventricular valves are open.

sensory amplification

The energy of the stimuli actually gets strengthened by the sensory receptors or by other cells or structures in the sensory pathways. Sound gets enhanced, Light energy is turned into action potentials that have way more energy than the original light energy

Frank has been outside playing basketball in 101°F weather. Describe the appearance of his testicles from your understanding of their muscular anatomy. They are father from his body and smooth because the muscles are contracting They are closer to his body and wrinkled because the muscles are contracting. They are father from his body and smooth because the muscles are relaxed. They are closer to his body and wrinkled because the muscles are relaxed.

They are father from his body and smooth because the muscles are relaxed.

The _________________________ innervates the superior oblique muscle. Optic nerve - CN II Oculomotor nerve - CN III Vagus nerve - CN X Trochlear nerve - CN IV

Trochlear nerve CN IV

Buccinator

Used to suck in your cheeks

The ________________________ innervates the trapezius and the sternocleidomastoid. Vagus nerve (CN X) Trigeminal nerve (CN V) Vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII) Accessory nerve (CN XI)

accessory nerve (CN XI)

thin filaments

actin, tropomyosin, troponin

Fertilization most likely occurs at the ovaries uterus ampulla of the uterine tubule fimbrae of the uterine tube

ampulla of the uterine tubule

when the foreman is pronated , the shaft of the radius is ________ to the shaft of the ulna, posterior anterior lateral cephalic medial

anterior

In the spinal cord, the somas of the lower motor neurons are found in the: posterior horns central canal cauda equina dorsal root ganglia anterior horns

anterior horns

Which structure prevents backflow into the left ventricle? mitral valve aortic valve pulmonary valve tricuspid valve

aortic ventricle

The process of ejaculation is under control of the _________ nervous system, because it is mainly ________ . Autonomic; voluntary Somatic; involuntary Somatic; voluntary Autonomic; involuntary

autonomic ; involuntary

During the early phase of ventricular filling: pressure in the heart is at its peak blood flows passively from atria to the ventricles ventricles are in systole atria are in systole

blood flows passively from atria to the ventricles

The afferent division of the pns ______, while the efferent division of the PNS ______.

brings sensory information to the CNS ; carries motor command from CNS to effectors

The superior trunk originates from the branches of which cervical nerve? C5 and C6 C3-C5 C5-C8 C1-C5 C5-T1

c5 and c6

what component of the bone matrix gives it its toughness? -lamallae -osteoid -calcium phosphate -collagen fibers

calcium phosphate

The bolus enters the stomach at which region? body cardia fundus pylorus

cardia

The ridge found at the bifurcation of the trachea is called the: hilum carina c-shaped rings trachealis muscle

carina

what is the anatomical name of the bones that make up the distal portion of the wrist joint ? radius & ulna carpals tarsals metatarsals

carpals

Below L1-L2, the vertebral canal is occupied by a bundle of spinal nerve roots called the: cauda equina filum terminale sacral plexus descending tracts conus medullaris

cauda equina

The nerve branching off of C5 can belong to both the _________ and ________ plexuses. cervical; phrenic cervical; brachial lumbar; sacral brachial; lumbar cervical; thoracic

cervical; brachial

Which of the following is NOT a structure found in the spermatozoa? head cilia acrosome neck mitochondria

cilia

This structure in females is homologous to the corpus cavernosum in males: bulb of the vestibule vagina clitoris labia majora

clitoris

orbicularis oris

closes and protrudes lips

The bile originating from the right and left hepatic ducts must pass through which ducts to reach the gallbladder? common bile duct, cystic duct common hepatic duct, common bile duct common hepatic duct, common bile duct, cystic duct hepatic portal duct, cystic duct, hepatic proper duct

common hepatic duct, common bile duct, cystic duct

Sarcomere

contractile unit of a muscle fiber

the ____ suture separates the frontal and parietal bones of the skull.

coronal

Conscious perception of vision probably reflects activity in the: thalamus optic chiasm visual bulb cortex of the occipital lobe

cortex of the occipital lobe

There are two joints between the thoracic vertebrae and ribs. which of the following pairs of bone features articulate with one another to form one of these joints ? -costal facet on the centrum ; rib tubercle -costal facet on the transverse process ; rib head -spinous process ; rib head -costal facet on the centrum ; rib head

costal facet on the centrum ; rib head

which body cavity is formed by cranial bones? pelvic cavity abdominal cavity cranial cavity verterbral cavity thoracic cavity

cranial cavity

which bone feature is where one can find the olfactory nerve and what bone can it be found on ? -sella turcica,spheniod bone -foramen lacerum, temporal bone supra -orbital foramen, frontal bone -cribriform plate, ethmoid plate

cribriform plate, ethmoid bone

The first duct bile squeezed out of the gallbladder passes through is the cystic duct left hepatic duct common bile duct common hepatic duct

cystic duct

the back is ______ to the abdomen anterior lateral medial dorsal caudal

dorsal

Which of the following abducts the arm? Deltoid Biceps brachii Trapezius Pectoralis major

deltoid

Which structure of the teeth is most similar to bone? root canal enamel dentine pulp cavity

dentine

depressor labii inferioris

depresses lower lip

Masseter

elevates mandible

levator scapulae

elevates scapula

In an adult, the epiphysis is separated from the diaphysis by the: epiphyseal plate articular cartilage epiphyseal line suture

epiphyseal line

The prime mover of spinal extension is the: trapezius latissimus dorsi levator scapulae splenius capitis erector spinae

erector spinae

In addition to flexing the knee, the sartorius: extends and medially rotates the hip joint flexes and laterally rotates the hip joint adducts the thigh extends and laterally rotates the hip joint

flexes and laterally rotates the hip joint

The act of bending the wrist so that the palmar portion of the hand is moved closer to the forearm involves what movement ? extension flexion abduction medial rotation dorsiflexion

flexion

Which action is performed by most of the muscles located on the anterior compartment of the forearm? supination flexion extension abduction pronation

flexion

Adduction at the wrist involves contraction of the: flexor carpi ulnaris & extensor carpi ulnaris flexor carpi radialis, flexor carpi ulnaris extensor carpi radialis longus, extensor carpi radialis brevis, extensor carpi ulnaris extensor carpi radialis longus, extensor carpi radialis brevis, flexor carpi radialis

flexor carpi ulnaris & extensor carpi ulnaris

Which of the following muscles form the Achille's Tendon? plantaris and soleus plantaris and popliteus gastrocnemius and soleus gastrocnemius and plantaris tibialis posterior and gastrocnemius

gastrocnemius and soleus

which branch of anatomy is defined by the study of body structures that can be examined using unaided eye ? histology developmental biology gross anatomy cell biology embryology

gross anatomy

which bone is most proximal when compared to the other answers ? styolid process of ylna styloid process of radius head of the humerus head of the radiys head of the ulna

head of the humerus

Ventricular systole happens: in a wave that begins at the apex and spreads toward the base in a wave that begins at the base and spreads toward the apex in a wave starting at the middle of the interventricular septum and going around the mid line of ventricles in no particular direction; all ventricular cells contract at the same time

in a wave that begins at the apex and spreads toward the base

Which structure communicates the lateral ventricles to the third ventricle? aqueduct of the midbrain interthalamic adhesion central canal interventricular foramen

interventricular foramen

which three bones form the coxal bone ?

ischium,ilium,pubis

Which of the following distinguishes smooth muscle from skeletal and cardiac muscle? it is striated it contracts voluntarily it contracts on its own intrinsic rhythm without any external stimulation it contracts involuntarily it is nonstriated

it is nonstriated

A thick midline ridge in the thyroid cartilage that is sometimes referred to as the Adam's apple is technically named the: laryngeal prominence glottis epiglottis cricoid extension

laryngeal prominence

teres minor action

laterally rotates arm

Which of the following muscles raises the upper lip? depressor labii superioris masseter orbicularis oris levator labii superioris buccinator

levator labii superioris

Production of bile is one of several important functions of the: liver gallbladder pancreas appendix

liver

Which type of general sense receptor detects pressure changes in walls of blood vessels and in portions of the digestive, reproductive and urinary tracts? chemoreceptors nociceptors mechanoreceptors thermoreceptors

mechanoreceptors

The vital centers for the control of visceral activities such as heart rate, breathing, and blood pressure are located in the: Pons Mesencephalon Medulla oblongata Midbrain

medulla oblongata

This phase consists of the destruction of the endometrium. Arteries of the region will constrict blood flow and cause cells of endometrium to die. Which phase is it? proliferative phase ovulation menstruation secretory phase

menstruation

what joint is considered biaxial ? knee shoulder pubic symphysis metatarso-phalangeal joints hip

metatarso-phalangeal joints

Proprioceptors

monitor the position and movement of skeletal muscles and joints

The fat pad that sits on the two pubic bones is known as: labia minora labia majora prepuce mons pubis

mons pubis

A muscle fascicle is composed of several: myofibrils endomysium tendons muscle fibers

muscle fibers

thick filaments

myosin

A cross-bridge is formed when _______________ bind to _______________. Myosin heads; actin Troponin; actin actin heads; myosin Myosin heads; tropomyosin

myosin heads ; actin

The _____________ is the functional unit of the kidney. nephron renal pyramid renal cortex renal medulla

nephron

which of the following describes a gomphosis joint correctly ? -one bone rotates around another bone -the convex atrticular surface of one bone fits into a concave articular surface of another bone -the flat articular surfaces of two bones glide past one another -no statement is describing a gomphosis joint -the rounded ,ball-like end of one bone fits into a concave depression of another bone

no statement is describing a gomphosis joint

Potentially damaging stimuli that result in pain are selectively detected by: photoreceptors nociceptors proprioceptors interoceptors

nociceptors

Gaps in the myenlination of axons known as __ are present ____.

node of ranvier ; for saltatory conduction and increased speed of action potential transmission

When viewing a dissected heart, it is easy to visually discern the right and left ventricles by: noticing the thickness of the ventricle walls locating the apex finding the papillary muscles tracing out where the auricles connect

noticing the thickness of the ventricle walls

Which of the following is not a functional synovial joint ? nourishment of chondrocytes nourishment of osteocytes shock absorption lubrication

nourishment of osteocytes

Which of the following is in the correct order of the olfactory pathway? olfactory epithelium, olfactory nerve, central nervous system, olfactory bulb olfactory epithelium, olfactory nerve, olfactory tract, thalamus, cerebral cortex, olfactory epithelium, olfactory nerve, olfactory tract, cerebral cortex olfactory epithelium, olfactory tract, olfactory nerve, cerebral cortex

olfactory epithelium, olfactory nerve, olfactory tract, cerebral cortex

The scientific term for "blind spot" is: optic disc optic chiasm fovea vitreous humor

optic disc

The ___________ is lined by squamous epithelium. nasopharynx trachea oropharynx nasal cavity

oropharynx

this kind of section separates right and left portions of the body in anatomical positions but misses the midline. which kind of section is this ? parasagittal section transverse section coronal section midsagittal section frontal section

parasagittal section

ithin the stomach lining, _______________ cells secrete hydrochloric acid. parietal G chief zymogen

parietal

Blood is pushed out from the right atrium into the right ventricle (every last drop of it) by this muscle. Can you name the structure? chordae tendineae papillary muscles pectinate muscles AV valves

pectinate muscles

Eva Marie is a boxer! She goes and trains at her gym to properly prepare for her competitions against other boxers. Her last match consisted of her throwing five punches in a row and resulted in a knock out. Which of the following muscles were used to perform a punch if we are discussing movement at the level of the SHOULDER joint? sternocleidomastoid levator scapulae pectoralis minor latissimus dorsi

pectoralis minor

Which of these is NOT a region of the spinal cord? cervical lumbar pelvic thoracic sacral

pelvic

Which cord is formed by all trunks? ventral anterior posterior medial lateral

posterior

the main function of a fibrous joint is to

provide stability between two bones

which kind of epithelium would you find in lining the nasal cavity ? transitional epithelium simple columnar stratified squamous psuedostratified cilitaed columnar epithelium

psuedostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

serratus anterior

pulls scapula anteriorly and downward

Which structure prevents backflow into the right ventricle? mitral valve tricuspid valve pulmonary valve aortic valve

pulmonary valve

Collectively as a group, the muscles of the anterior thigh that work together to extend the leg are referred to as: rectus femoris gluteus maximus hamstrings quadriceps femoris

quadriceps femoris

The ulnar notch is located in the ________(bone) and articulates with the _____ -ulna ; head of the radius -ulna ; head of the ulna -radius; head of the ulna -radius ; head of the radius -humerus ; capitulum

radius ; head of the ulna

Which of the following is true of the proximal convoluted tubule? contains simple squamous epithelium reabsorbs glucose is under ADH control contains stratified cuboidal epithelium

reabsorbs glucose

The phrenic nerve ______________. Branches off at the clavicle into the sternothyroid nerve. Is an integral part of the reflex arc. Is part of the brachial plexus. Reaches diaphragm and innervates it.

reaches the diaphgram and innervates it

_________are found only in the peripheral nervous system. astrocytes oligodendrocytes satellite cells microglia ependymal cells

satellite cells

Which structure anchors the kidney to surrounding structures? hilum fibrous capsule renal fascia perinephric fat

renal fascia

mechanoreceptors

respond to touch, pressure, vibration, stretch, and itch

what is the correct order in which bone reformation occurs ?

resting bone, resorption, reversal, matrix deposition, mineralization

The pubic symphysis united which two bones ? right and left ilium right and left pubis ilium to the sacrum right and left ischium

right and left pubis

Internal folds of the stomach are called: mesentery rugae pylorus haustra

rugae

Which gland produces the largest volume of "basic" semen and, as a consequence, is the main gland responsible for neutralizing the acidity of the vagina? prostatic gland seminal gland membranous gland bulbourethral gland

seminal gland

interreceptors

sense internal stimuli

CCK is release in the blood stream when enteroendocrine cells of the duodenum sense the stomach production of mucus and HCl sense the bolus going through the esophagus sense the gallbladder squeezing sense the acidic chyme within the duodenum

sense the acidic chyme within the duodenum

________occurs when a receptor becomes so accustomed to the stimulation that it stops gathering impulses. sensory amplification sensory exhaustion sensory accommodation sensory adaptation

sensory adaptation

Anne had pale skin and goes to the beach. Instead of getting tan, her skin gets red and maybe even burned. why does that happen ? she has increased blood supply to her skin she produces more melanocytes she produces more melanin she produces less melanin she produces less melanocytes

she produces less melanin

Which of the following describes how signals pass through a typical single neuron ?

signals pass from the dendrites through the cell body and down the axon to the axon terminals.

the following are examples of connective tissue, except : cartlages bones tendons blood skeletal muscle

skeletal muscle

left hypochondriac region contains

stomach, liver (tip), left kidney, spleen

what layer of skin are mekle cells present in ? stratum spinosum stratum basale stratum granulosm stratum corneum

stratum basale

Layers of thick skin from superficial to deep

stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, stratum basale

which is the last layer of skin in which the cells are still living ? stratum granulosm stratum basale startum lucidum stratum spinosum stratum corneum

stratum granulosm

Which epidermal layer is found only in thick skin? stratum lucidum stratum basale stratum spinosum stratum germinativum

straum lucidum

The abducens nerve _________. is a branch of the trigeminal nerve exits from the medulla supplies innervation to the lateral rectus muscle of the eye relays sensory information from taste buds on the tongue

supplies innervation to the lateral rectus muscle of the eye

Which tarsal bone articulates with the tibia? calcaneus navicular talus cuboid

talus

Amanda was recently driving and was involved in a T-bone car accident. As the other car struck her passenger side ,Amanda's heat hit against the side window located on the drivers door. what part of the skull would, most likely, be the areas where could have sustained injuries?

temporal and parietal bones

The epimysium, endomysium and perimysium come together at the end of a skeletal muscle to form a: tendon thin filaments thick filaments sarcomere

tendon

Which statement defines extensibility? the ability to stretch. the ability of a muscle to rebound toward its original length after a contraction the ability to shorten when receiveing a theshold stimulus. ability to respond to stimulation

the ability to stretch

one characteristic of ALL epithelia is the attachment , which means that there are no blood vessels within the epithelia epithelia are composed by cells bound closely together cells forming the typical epithelium are strongly attached to each other the basal surface of a typical epithelium is bound to thin basal lamina

the basal surface of a typical epithelium is bound to thin basal lamina

which of the following bones articulate with the femur? tibula and fibia tibia tibia and fibula fibula

tibia

What type of epithelium allows for expansion of the ureters and bladder to stretch in order to accommodate urine, and then recoil back to the original shape when they are empty? elastic epithelium ciliated epithelium squamosal epithelium transitional epithelium

transitional epithelium

the urinary bladder is an organ that due to its function is required to be constantly contracting and expanding (relaxing).what type of epithelium is Present therefore is this organ? stratified cuboidal epithelium simple squamous epithelium transitional epithelium muscular epithelium

transitional epithelium

Which carpal bone, based on its location , would articulate with the metacarpal of the thumb ? -triquetrum -scaphiod -capitate -pisiform -trapezium

trapezium

Which structure is known as an AV valve with three flaps? aortic valve mitral valve pulmonary valve tricuspid valve

tricuspid valve

The "lubb" sound heard with a stethoscope is caused by: Contraction of the atria Turbulence in the blood when the semilunar valves close Blood rushing through the semilunar valves when they open. Turbulence in the blood when the AV valves close

turbulence in the blood when the AV valves close

most of the small intestine is in the ___ region pubic right hypochondriac epigastric left hypochondriac umbilical reigon

umbilical region

What structure transports urine from the kidney to the bladder? urethra nephron ureter renal pelvis

ureter

organ system that removes waste from your body? respiratory urinary endocrine cardiovascular circulatory

urinary

The ___________________________nerve is the longest cranial nerve. It even goes down to the abdominal cavity and innervates the digestive system. hypoglossal vagus glossopharyngeal trigeminal

vagus

The longest nerve that innervates the digestive system is the: hypoglossal vagus glossopharyngeal trigeminal

vagus

The motor command leaves through the: posterior root ventral root dorsal root

ventral root

Amanda has dimples. Dimples are an inheritable trait caused by a shortened muscle which leads to a small depression in the flesh, either one that exists permanently or one that forms in the cheeks when one smiles. Which muscle causes this effect? masseter depressor anguli oris levator labii superioris zygomaticus major orbicularis oris

zygomaticus major