Human Bio- Chapter 11 hw questions

d

A nerve impulse moves away from a neuron's cell body along _____. a. dendrites b. Nissl bodies c. synapses d. axons e. glia

a

A nerve impulse moves toward a neuron's cell body along _____. a. dendrites b. synaptic terminals c. oligodendrocytes d. axons e. nodes of Ranvier

a

A neuron at rest has a charge difference across its cell membrane, with the interior of the cell negative relative to the exterior. This difference in charge across the plasma membrane is referred to as ________ potential. a. resting b. graded c. action d. depolarization e. refractory

a

A neuron's nucleus is located in its _____. a. cell body b. axon c. myelin sheath d. dendrite e. synaptic terminals

d

All of the following are directly involved in synaptic transmission, EXCEPT __________. a. chemical-sensitive ion channels on the postsynaptic membrane b. neurotransmitters c. Ca2+ d. voltage-sensitive ion channels on the postsynaptic membrane

c

An action potential __________. a. travels faster in response to larger stimuli b. can travel in both directions down an axon or dendrite c. is self-propagating d. is larger in response to larger stimuli

c

An impulse relayed along a myelinated axon "jumps" from _____ to _____. a. oligodendrocyte ... Schwann cell b. node of Ranvier ... Schwann cell c. node of Ranvier ... node of Ranvier d. Schwann cell ... Schwann cell e. Schwann cell ... node of Ranvier

d

As an action potential is propagated and the voltage-regulated ion gates open and close, what happens? a. The membrane polarity reverses and stays reversed until the next action potential is propagated. Then the electrical charge returns to normal. b. The gates opening and closing causes the propagation of the action potential. This event really has nothing to do with the relative polarity of the two sides of the membrane. c. The polarity is reversed, but it then becomes neutral. For a short time, the membrane cannot accept another action potential. Then the membrane potential goes from neutral back to its original state. d. First the membrane polarity is reversed and then the ions return to their normal electrical state. e. Voltage-regulated gates have nothing to do with shifts in polarity.

a

As an action potential moves along an axon, we could say that ________. a. when the signal first reaches the axon, the sodium channels open and the sodium ions move down a concentration gradient b. when the signal first reaches the axon, the leaky potassium channels, which are normally always open, suddenly close and become electrical channels for sodium c. when the signal first reaches the axon, the potassium channels open and the potassium ions move down a concentration gradient d. when the signal first reaches the nucleus, the sodium and potassium channels in the axon membrane open (which allows the transfer of ions from one side to the other)

c

Axons insulated by a(n) _____ are able to conduct impulses faster that those not so insulated. a. node of Ranvier b. synaptic terminal c. myelin sheath d. layer of asbestos e. astrocytes

d

In a resting nerve cell membrane (think axon), the electrical relationship between the fluid inside the membrane (inside the cell) and the fluid outside the membrane (extracellular fluid) is as follows: ________. a. the relative electrical difference (or membrane potential) cannot be determined b. the interior is positive relative to the exterior c. the relative electrical measurement varies with the type of nerve cell. Some nerve cells have a resting potential with the interior positive relative to the exterior, and some nerve cells have a resting potential with the interior negative relative to the exterior. A few are even neutral d. the interior is negative relative to the exterior e. the fluid inside the membrane (in the cytoplasm) and the fluid outside the membrane (the extracellular fluid) are electrically identical

e

In the propagation of an action potential, which voltage-regulated gates open first? a. calcium gates b. both sodium and potassium gates open at the same time c. potassium gates d. channels for negatively charged protein molecules e. sodium gates

e

Name the three principal parts of the nerve cell. a. cell body, nutritional center, axon b. dendrites, nucleus, axon hillock c. nucleus, axon hillock, nodes of Ranvier d. cell body, axon, axon hillock e. axon, dendrites, cell body

b

The brain and spinal cord make up the __________. a. parasympathetic nervous system b. central nervous system c. sympathetic nervous system d. sensory nervous system

e

The part of the nerve cell responsible for origination of the nerve impulse is the _______. a. dendrite, because it brings the impulse into the cell body b. nucleus, because the nucleus is responsible for the general coordination of any cell c. axon, because the axon takes the impulse away from the cell body d. nutritional center, because if it were not for raw materials, the cell could not generate the electrical impulse e. axon hillock, because this is the specific area of the nerve cell that generates the electrical impulse that travels along the axon

d

The role of the sodium-potassium pump in the story of the action potential is as follows: ________. a. the sodium-potassium pump maintains the synaptic terminals, where the neurons communicate with other cells b. the sodium-potassium pump is responsible for the storing of potential energy in the membrane c. the sodium-potassium pump produces channels that rebuff both sodium ions and potassium ions (which prevents these ions from moving across the membrane) d. the sodium-potassium pump functions in returning the membrane to its "normal" state after an action potential has been propagated

b

True or false. An individual who has suffered a stroke, which has caused damage in his cerebrum, and is now having problems with his hearing, has probably suffered damage to his occipital lobe. a. True b. False

d

What does saltatory conduction mean? a. Saltatory conduction means that the impulse moves along the dendrite instead of along the axon. b. Saltatory conduction is another name for nerve impulses found in the central nervous system. c. Saltatory conduction means that the impulse is regulated by the axons and dendrites working in unison. d. Saltatory conduction means that the nerve impulse seems to jump from one node to the next—and is regenerated as it speeds along. e. Saltatory conduction means that the impulse starts at the cell's nucleus rather than at the axon hillock.

e

What occurs when the action potential reaches the synaptic terminal? a. Sodium ions rush out of the terminal and complex with the postsynaptic terminal. b. Sodium and calcium ions rush back and forth through the voltage channels, and this allows the electrical impulse to cross the synapse. c. Sodium ions rush into the terminal and complex with the neurotransmitter vesicles. d. Calcium ions rush out of the presynaptic terminal. e. Calcium ions rush into the presynaptic terminal.

c

What part of a neuron relays signals from one neuron to another neuron or to an effector? a. dendrite b. axon hillock c. synaptic terminal d. axon e. node of Ranvier

e

What type of cell makes up the myelin sheath of a motor neuron? a. astrocytes b. microglial cells c. Ranvier cells d. ependymal cells e. Schwann cells

a

When speaking of myelinating glial cells, we can correctly say that ________. a. Schwann cells are glial cells found outside the brain and spinal cord; oligodendrocytes are glial cells found in the brain and spinal cord b. glial cells wrap around the nodes of Ranvier and enable these nodes to act as "jumping points" for saltatory conduction c. glial cells wrap nerve cell bodies in myelin, so that the electrical circuits are not shorted out d. Schwann cells are glial cells found within the brain and spinal cord; oligodendrocytes are glial cells found outside the brain and spinal cord e. Schwann cells and oligodendrocytes form tight layers of overlapping cells

a

When the neurotransmitter crosses the synapse, what happens? a. The neurotransmitter causes the channel to open, and this can cause a depolarization of the postsynaptic membrane. b. The neurotransmitters bind to the membrane. This causes the ion channels to close. c. The ions flow into the channels on the postsynaptic membrane. This excites the axons and causes another action potential to be generated. d. The neurotransmitter binds to the axon of the postsynaptic neuron, and this stimulates the nucleus in the cell body to generate another action potential.

d

Which of the following is NOT a method for clearing neurotransmitters from a synapse? a. They can be taken up into the presynaptic terminal. b. They can be enzymatically degraded. c. They are "recycled" by the presynaptic terminal. d. They can be taken up into the postsynaptic neuron.

d

Which of the following is the correct sequence for the electrical transmission of a nerve impulse? a. postsynaptic neuron, synapse, presynaptic neuron b. In humans, electrical stimulation can begin at either end of the transmission passage. It depends on the source of the stimulation. c. synapse, presynaptic neuron, postsynaptic neuron d. presynaptic neuron, synapse, postsynaptic neuron e. synapse, postsynaptic neuron, presynaptic neuron

b

Which of these statements best describes a synapse? a. Synapse is a term used to define the total process of the impulse moving from the presynaptic neuron to the postsynaptic neuron. b. The synapse includes the space between the presynaptic membrane and the postsynaptic membrane. c. The synapse is the membrane on the postsynaptic terminal. d. Synapse is a synonym for "electrical stimulation." e. The synapse is the membrane on the presynaptic terminal.

c

Which part of the brain functions as a relay station for information to the limbic system and the cerebral cortex? a. Medulla oblongata b. Midbrain c. Thalamus d. Hypothalamus

c

Which part of the brain is associated with conscious thought, memory, and personality? a. Pons b. Medulla c. Cerebral cortex d. Cerebellum

e

Which statement accurately describes the myelin sheath? a. It allows the nodes of Ranvier to act as an electrical insulator. b. It is found on dendrites in the central nervous system and prevents crossing over of electrical impulses between the axons and the dendrites. c. It prevents saltatory conduction. d. It is found on all axons outside the brain and spinal cord (central nervous system). e. It speeds up the conduction of nervous impulses.

d

With the exception of sensory neurons, the role of a neuron's __________ is to carry information toward the cell body, whereas the role of the __________ is to carry information away from the cell body. a. presynaptic membranes; dendrites b. myelin sheath; synaptic knob c. axon; dendrites d. dendrites; axon