Human Bio - Chapter Six Review
30%
Neurons and muscle cells become relatively unresponsive if calcium concentrations increase by what percentage?
adipose tissue
Pads of ________ are often found around the edges of diarthrotic joints to provide protection for the articular cartilages.
true
Ribs that are connected to the sternum by separate cartilaginous extensions are called ________ ribs.
Vit D3
Rickeys is a softening and bending go the bones that occurs in children as a result of ______ deficiency. Vit C Vit A magnesium Vit D3
synchondroses
Sctructurally, epiphyseal cartilages are known as synchondroses gomphoses syndesmosomes symphyses
amphiarthroses
Slightly moveable joints are known as ... syntharthroses amphiarthroses diarthroses synovial
trochlea
The _____ extends from the base of the coronoid fossa anteriorly to the olecranon fossa posteriorly. trochlea capitulum greater tubercle lesser tubercle
mandible
Which bone of the skull is labeled "C"?
osteoclasts
Which cells secrete acids and enzymes that dissolve the bony matrix through osteolysis? osteoclasts osteoblasts osteoprogenitor cells osteocytes
ball-and-socket
Which joint type can perform rotation movements? condyloid ball-and-socket hunge saddle ellipsoidal
anterior cruciate ligament
Which ligament injuries affect women up to 5 times more often than men? ligamentum teres patellar ligament rotator cuff anterior cruciate ligament
anterior and posterior cruciate
Which ligaments are located inside the capsule of the knee joint? anterior cruciate posterior cruciate tibial collateral anterior and posterior cruciate
epiphysis of long bones
Which of the following are most prone to osteopenia? epiphysis of long bone diaphysis of long bone mastoid process ribs
clavicles
Which of the following bones are formed by the process of intramembranous ossification? clavicles os coxae vertebrae all of the above
vertebrae
Which of the following bones serves in protection? humerus tarsals mandible vertebrae
phosphate
Which of the following is a major mineral reserve found in bone? iron potassium phosphate sodium
mandible and clavicle
Which of the following is formed via intramembranous ossification? mandible tibia humerus carpal bones femur
lumbar
Which spinal curve develops with the ability of a child to stand? lumbar thoracic cervical sacral
linea aspera
Which structure marks the attachment of powerful muscles that pull the shaft of the femur toward the midline (adduction)? linea aspera greater trochanter lateral condyle capitulum
epiphyseal
Which type of fracture may lead to a permanent stoppage of bone growth at the site of the break? greenstick compression open epiphyseal
cervical
Which vertebrae possess transverse formina? thoracic sacral cervical lunbar
bone growth
While observing bone tissue, you notice that the osteoblast activity exceeds the osteoclast activity. What are you observing?
radial notch
You look directly at your hand, then turn the palm away from you to look at the dorsal side. This movement is the radius rotating around the ulna and is occurring at the
parietal
bones that form the roof and superior walls of the cranium are what bones?
depression
opening of the mouth is completed by the ____ of the mandible
blood cells
red bone marrow functions in the formation of
depress calcium levels in body fluids
the hormone calcitonin functions to
humerus
the subscapularis, supraspinatus, and infraspinatus all attach to the scapula and the humerus clavicle manubrium vertebrae
sacroiliac joint
which of the following consists of an articulation between the axial skeleton and coxal bone acetabulum obturator foramen pubic symphysis sacroiliac joint
perforating canals
which of the following structures link blood vessels of central canals with those of the periosteum and marrow cavity>? trabeculae perforating canal canaliculi lamellae
sulcus
A narrow groove on a bone is called a
Compound
A patient suffered a broken humorous in a bicycle accident. The broken ends of the bone protruded through the skin. This is known as a ____ fracture. Pott's Colles Compound Simple
lipids; yellow marrow
Bones store energy reserves as ______ in areas filled with ______ lipids; red marrow proteins; yellow marrow lipids; yellow marrow proteins; red marrow
canaliculi
Channels within bone, involved with cell-to-cell communication are called
comprised of more massive bones, which are adapted for weight bearing.
Compared with the pectoral girdle, the pelvic girdle is
ligaments
Found outside or inside a joint capsule, structures that join bone to bone are called ________.
individual bones provide framework for the attachment of soft tissues and organs
Give an example of the skeletal system's primary function of providing structural support?
diaphysis
The area of the long bone labeled "A" is known as the __________.
periosteum
The connective tissue covering the outer surface of a bone is (the)
5,3,1,2,4
The following events are part of endochondral ossification. In which order do they occur? 1 - Formation of the primary ossification center 2 - Osteoclasts break down the spongy bone to create marrow cavity. 3 - Cells from the perichondrium differentiate into osteoblasts. 4 - Formation of the secondary ossification centers 5 - Calcification of matrix surrounding chondrocytes
hinges
The joints between the phalanges are classified as
temporal bone
The mastoid process is a feature found on which bone? parietal bone zygomatic bone mandible temporal bone
endosteum
The medullary cavity of a long bone is line with
clavicles
The only direct connections between the pectoral girdles and axial skeleton are the clavicles scapulae ribs coxal bones
clavicle and scapula
The pectoral girdle consists of the
surgical neck
The region of the humerus that corresponds to the epiphyseal cartilage is the head anatomical neck surgical neck greater tubercle
spinous processes
The ridges that can be felt along the backbone, on the dorsal aspect of the body, are produced by the
lamellae
The sheets of calcified matrix in which small pockets with osteocytes are found are called canaliculi lacunae trabeculae lamellae
manubrium
The structure that articulates with he clavicles of the appendicular skeleton and with the cartilages of the first pair of ribs is the sternal body manubrium costal margin xiphoid process
fontanelles
The unfused sutures of a newborn skull are known as
pivot
functionally the joint between the atlas and the axis is a ____ joint saddle pivot ellipsoidal gliding