Human Bio - Chapter Six Review

30%

Neurons and muscle cells become relatively unresponsive if calcium concentrations increase by what percentage?

adipose tissue

Pads of ________ are often found around the edges of diarthrotic joints to provide protection for the articular cartilages.

true

Ribs that are connected to the sternum by separate cartilaginous extensions are called ________ ribs.

Vit D3

Rickeys is a softening and bending go the bones that occurs in children as a result of ______ deficiency. Vit C Vit A magnesium Vit D3

synchondroses

Sctructurally, epiphyseal cartilages are known as synchondroses gomphoses syndesmosomes symphyses

amphiarthroses

Slightly moveable joints are known as ... syntharthroses amphiarthroses diarthroses synovial

trochlea

The _____ extends from the base of the coronoid fossa anteriorly to the olecranon fossa posteriorly. trochlea capitulum greater tubercle lesser tubercle

mandible

Which bone of the skull is labeled "C"?

osteoclasts

Which cells secrete acids and enzymes that dissolve the bony matrix through osteolysis? osteoclasts osteoblasts osteoprogenitor cells osteocytes

ball-and-socket

Which joint type can perform rotation movements? condyloid ball-and-socket hunge saddle ellipsoidal

anterior cruciate ligament

Which ligament injuries affect women up to 5 times more often than men? ligamentum teres patellar ligament rotator cuff anterior cruciate ligament

anterior and posterior cruciate

Which ligaments are located inside the capsule of the knee joint? anterior cruciate posterior cruciate tibial collateral anterior and posterior cruciate

epiphysis of long bones

Which of the following are most prone to osteopenia? epiphysis of long bone diaphysis of long bone mastoid process ribs

clavicles

Which of the following bones are formed by the process of intramembranous ossification? clavicles os coxae vertebrae all of the above

vertebrae

Which of the following bones serves in protection? humerus tarsals mandible vertebrae

phosphate

Which of the following is a major mineral reserve found in bone? iron potassium phosphate sodium

mandible and clavicle

Which of the following is formed via intramembranous ossification? mandible tibia humerus carpal bones femur

lumbar

Which spinal curve develops with the ability of a child to stand? lumbar thoracic cervical sacral

linea aspera

Which structure marks the attachment of powerful muscles that pull the shaft of the femur toward the midline (adduction)? linea aspera greater trochanter lateral condyle capitulum

epiphyseal

Which type of fracture may lead to a permanent stoppage of bone growth at the site of the break? greenstick compression open epiphyseal

cervical

Which vertebrae possess transverse formina? thoracic sacral cervical lunbar

bone growth

While observing bone tissue, you notice that the osteoblast activity exceeds the osteoclast activity. What are you observing?

radial notch

You look directly at your hand, then turn the palm away from you to look at the dorsal side. This movement is the radius rotating around the ulna and is occurring at the

parietal

bones that form the roof and superior walls of the cranium are what bones?

depression

opening of the mouth is completed by the ____ of the mandible

blood cells

red bone marrow functions in the formation of

depress calcium levels in body fluids

the hormone calcitonin functions to

humerus

the subscapularis, supraspinatus, and infraspinatus all attach to the scapula and the humerus clavicle manubrium vertebrae

sacroiliac joint

which of the following consists of an articulation between the axial skeleton and coxal bone acetabulum obturator foramen pubic symphysis sacroiliac joint

perforating canals

which of the following structures link blood vessels of central canals with those of the periosteum and marrow cavity>? trabeculae perforating canal canaliculi lamellae

sulcus

A narrow groove on a bone is called a

Compound

A patient suffered a broken humorous in a bicycle accident. The broken ends of the bone protruded through the skin. This is known as a ____ fracture. Pott's Colles Compound Simple

lipids; yellow marrow

Bones store energy reserves as ______ in areas filled with ______ lipids; red marrow proteins; yellow marrow lipids; yellow marrow proteins; red marrow

canaliculi

Channels within bone, involved with cell-to-cell communication are called

comprised of more massive bones, which are adapted for weight bearing.

Compared with the pectoral girdle, the pelvic girdle is

ligaments

Found outside or inside a joint capsule, structures that join bone to bone are called ________.

individual bones provide framework for the attachment of soft tissues and organs

Give an example of the skeletal system's primary function of providing structural support?

diaphysis

The area of the long bone labeled "A" is known as the __________.

periosteum

The connective tissue covering the outer surface of a bone is (the)

5,3,1,2,4

The following events are part of endochondral ossification. In which order do they occur? 1 - Formation of the primary ossification center 2 - Osteoclasts break down the spongy bone to create marrow cavity. 3 - Cells from the perichondrium differentiate into osteoblasts. 4 - Formation of the secondary ossification centers 5 - Calcification of matrix surrounding chondrocytes

hinges

The joints between the phalanges are classified as

temporal bone

The mastoid process is a feature found on which bone? parietal bone zygomatic bone mandible temporal bone

endosteum

The medullary cavity of a long bone is line with

clavicles

The only direct connections between the pectoral girdles and axial skeleton are the clavicles scapulae ribs coxal bones

clavicle and scapula

The pectoral girdle consists of the

surgical neck

The region of the humerus that corresponds to the epiphyseal cartilage is the head anatomical neck surgical neck greater tubercle

spinous processes

The ridges that can be felt along the backbone, on the dorsal aspect of the body, are produced by the

lamellae

The sheets of calcified matrix in which small pockets with osteocytes are found are called canaliculi lacunae trabeculae lamellae

manubrium

The structure that articulates with he clavicles of the appendicular skeleton and with the cartilages of the first pair of ribs is the sternal body manubrium costal margin xiphoid process

fontanelles

The unfused sutures of a newborn skull are known as

pivot

functionally the joint between the atlas and the axis is a ____ joint saddle pivot ellipsoidal gliding