Human Biology Chapter 5

arteries

-carry blood away from the heart -includes aorta -thick muscular walls

capillaries

-permit exchange of material with the tissues -join arterioles to venules -may be bypassed by arteriovenous shunts

veins

-return blood to the heart -have valves that regulate the flow of blood -blood flow due to skeletal muscle contraction

How is the structure of veins different from arteries

Veins carry blood at a lower pressure and can function with thinner walls with less muscle and elastic fiber. They have valves to help move the blood back to the heart

Blood moves from the atria to the ventricles through which valves?

atrioventricular valves

aorta and pulmonary veins

attached to left side of the heart

vena cava and pulmonary trunk

attached to the right side of the heart

superior vena cava and inferior vena cava

carry oxygen-poor blood that is high in carbon dioxide from body veins to the right atrium

four pulmonary veins

carry oxygen-rich blood from the lungs, enters the left atrium

right atrum

chamber of the heart that receives deoxygenated blood returning from the body sends blood through the triscuspid valve to the right ventricle

Heart

cone-shaped, muscular organ located between the lunch, directly behind the sternum (breastbone).

Intercalated discs

contain gap junctions that allow muscle cells to simultaneously contract

Myocardium

interion wall of tissue

Blood received into the heart from the systemic circuit is

low in oxygen and high in carbon dioxide

blood vessels

red if they carry O2- rich blood blue if they carry O2-poor blood

Blood from the systemic circuit enters the heart and flows into the ______ before being pumped into the lungs.

right atrium, and then the right ventricle

left ventricle

send blood through the aortic semilunar valve into the aorta to the rest of the body

right ventricle

send blood through the pulmonary semilunar valve into the pulmonary trunk and through the two pulmonary arteries to the lungs

The pulmonary circuit delivers blood to and from _____, while the systemic circuit delivers blood to and from _____.

the lugs; the tissues of the body

Blood leaving the left ventricle enters ______, while blood leaving the right ventricle enters ______.

the systemic system; the pulmonary system