Human Biology Exam 2

What is the maximal number of oxygen molecules that one hemoglobin molecule can bind?

4

A person is in a car accident and is bleeding. Their wallet has a blood donor card indicating their blood type is A-. What blood types can they receive?

A- and O-

Which statement is true about external respiration?

Carbon dioxide diffuses from plasma to alveoli.

There are many types of microbes that cause disease. Please look at the choices and pick the one that does not belong.

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease

Which disease is characterized by a thick and sticky mucus?

Cystic fibrosis

Which of the following is not true about hemophilia?

It is caused by the Epstein-Barr virus.

What is unique about the great saphenous vein?

It is the longest vein in the body.

What is true about the secondary immune response?

It produces a high antibody concentration.

What is the purpose of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC)?

It tags cells in order for the immune system to recognize them as "self."

What is the purpose of antibody-mediated immune responses?

Neutralize bacterial toxins.

A child receives the MMR vaccine. What is not true about the vaccination?

Pre-made antibodies were injected.

Which is associated with the right side of the heart?

SA node

What is the correct order of the intrinsic conducting system?

SA node, AV node, AV bundle, bundle branches, Purkinje fibers

Specific and nonspecific immunity protect humans from infectious agents. How does specific immunity differ from nonspecific immunity?

Specific immunity has memory.

What happens during ventricular systole?

The atrioventricular valves are closed.

The HIV virus attacks and destroys T helper cells. What happens as a consequence?

The body loses its antibody-mediated and cell-mediated responses.

Why does leukemia lead to bleeding disorders?

The cancerous cells take over bone marrow and prevent production of normal red blood cell components.

What must be true for a baby to suffer from hemolytic disease of the newborn?

The mother must be Rh-, the father must be Rh+, and the baby must be Rh+.

A complete blood cell count (CBC) is performed on a sample of blood. All numbers are fine except for an elevated basophil count. What could possibly be wrong with the patient?

The patient is experiencing inflammation.

What is true about inhalation?

The rib cage moves upward, and the pressure in the lungs drops.

How do veins differ from arteries?

Veins send blood to the heart.

Which of the following is not a characteristic of red blood cells (RBCs)?

able to leave the circulatory system in order to provide cells with oxygen

What is the functions of eosinophils?

attacks parasitic worms

A person went to the doctor complaining of chills and fever. The doctor observes red streaks on their arms. A puncture wound was nearby. The patient said they previously had an accident where they worked. What is wrong with this patient?

blood poisoning

What is the main way that oxygen travels in the blood?

bound to hemoglobin

Asthma is a problem with the ____________.

bronchioles

Which nutrient is needed to promote clotting?

calcium

Which blood vessels are directly involved with gas exchange?

capillaries

Which blood vessel lacks smooth muscle?

capillary

What is the function of perflurocarbons (PFCs)?

carries oxygen

The characteristic lub-DUB sounds that a doctor listens for using a stethoscope is due to ____________.

closing of the atrioventricular valves followed by closing of the semilunar valves

Which is not associated with the first and second lines of defense?

cytotoxic T cell

A person has had a heart transplant. What is most likely going to cause organ rejection?

cytotoxic T cells

Paralysis of which muscle(s) will stop ventilation?

diaphragm and intercostal

Which structure covers the larynx during swallowing?

epiglottis

Which of the following is a branch of the common iliac artery?

femoral artery

Which of the following is not a cardinal sign of inflammation?

fever

Which of the following is not associated with complement?

fever

How do natural killer cells kill pathogens?

form holes in the pathogen

In physiological terms, gas transport means ____________.

getting oxygen from lungs to cells and carbon dioxide from cells to lungs

Which of the following is not a cell associated with nonspecific defense?

helper T cell

Which blood vessel has the lowest blood pressure?

inferior vena cava

Which organ secretes erythropoietin (EPO)?

kidneys

Oxygen-rich blood directly enters which chamber(s) of the heart?

left atrium

What is the stimulus for red blood production?

low concentration of oxygen

Where are the breathing centers located?

medulla oblongata

Which of the following is not an antimicrobial defense provided for by the skin?

mucous production

What keeps blood flowing in one direction, especially in regions of low blood pressure?

muscular pump, breathing, and valves

Which of the following is not true about infectious mononucleosis?

not easily transmitted from one person to another

A person has type B- blood. What antibodies will be present in their blood stream that could bind to their red blood cells? The person was exposed to Rh positive blood 5 years ago.

only anti-A antibodies and anti-Rh antibodies

Blood is a mixture. Please identify the choice that is not a formed element.

plasma

Erythropoietin's (EPO) main function is to ____________.

promote the formation of red blood cells

Please put the steps of blood clot formation in the correct order.

prothrombin activator, prothrombin forms thrombin, thrombin converts fibrinogen to fibrin, and fibrin forms a blood clot

Neutralization is best described as ____________.

rendering a toxin harmless

What is the function of interferon?

slows the spread of viruses

A patient arrives at the doctor fatigued and with an inability to exhale completely. What is a likely cause of these problems?

smoking

Which is not a function of blood?

stores calcium

Pleurisy is an inflammation of the pleural membranes. Where are these membranes located?

surrounding each lung

Which disease is characterized by a high fever, muscle aches, and a sore throat?

the flu

Blood pressure deals with ____________.

the force of blood against the walls of the blood vessel

Where do T cells mature?

thymus gland

Which of these is the lowest volume?

tidal volume

A piece of food gets lodged directly below the larynx. What structure did the food get stuck in?

trachea

Which of the following is not part of the upper respiratory tract?

trachea

Which is not associated with the body trying to lower blood pressure (BP)?

vasoconstrict arteries

Which blood vessel(s) contains valves?

venules and veins

The maximum amount of air that can be inhaled or exhaled in a single breath is known as the ____________.

vital capacity

Pernicious anemia is caused by a lack of ____________.

vitamin B12