Human Body Chapter 4 Review

Describe two interactions between the endocrine system and the body that happen when a person is frightened.

Fright makes the endocrine system release the hormone epinephrine, which increases the heart rate and the rate of breathing.

What is the function of the bones in the middle ear?

They transmit vibrations from the eardrum to the cochlea, which then converts the vibrations into electrical impulses that are interpreted by the brain as sound.

What would happen if your autonomic nervous system stopped working?

You would eventually die because your body could not maintain homeostasis and functions such as digestion, breathing, and heart rate would soon all stop working right.

Compare a feedback mechanism with a reflex.

a feedback mechanism operates over a period of time and involves a series of events where one step affects an earlier step in the process, but a reflex is an immediate and unconscious response to a stimulus-not a process.

Why is the endocrine system important to your body?

because it produces chemical messengers called hormones that regulate body processes such as growth, fluid balance, and development

How are the nervous system and the endocrine system similar?

both systems send messages to control body functions and to respond to internal and external stimuli.

The two parts of your ___________ ____________ ____________ are your brain and spinal cord.

central nervous system

What part of the eye allows you to see the world in color?

cones

One hormone that helps to regulate blood-glucose levels is _____________.

insulin.

Why are both the somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system important to the body?

Because together they keep your body active and alive. You are able to do all of your voluntary activities while your body functions are controlled by the autonomic nervous system.

What is the difference between the somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system?

The main difference is that the somatic nervous system controls voluntary movements and activities, and the autonomic nervous system controls body function that you do not need to think about (AUTOnomic = on its own/by itself)

The peripheral nervous system does not include which? a)spinal cord b)motor neurons c)axons d)sensory receptors

The peripheral nervous system does not include the spinal cord. The spinal cord is part of the central nervous system.

How are the nervous system and the endocrine system different?

electrical messages travel much faster along the nerves in the nervous system than chemicals can travel through the blood in the endocrine system

The process in which the endocrine system, the digestive system, and the circulatory system control the level of blood glucose is an example of a ____________ _______________.

feedback mechanism.

Epinephrine is a _____________ that triggers the fight-or-flight response.

hormone

What part of the brain regulates blood pressure?

medulla

A _____________ is a specialized cell that receives and conducts electrical impulses.

neuron

What has receptors for smelling?

olfactory cells

What gland makes insulin?

pancreas

A _____________ is an involuntary and almost immediate movement in response to a stimulus.

reflex

Sensory receptors in the ___________ detect light.

retina

Why is it important to have a lens that can change shape inside the eye?

so that the light rays are focused on the retina and so that you are able to see images from a wide range of distances

What is the relationship between the CNS (central nervous system)and the PNS (peripheral nervous system)?

the PNS receives stimuli from inside and outside the body and sends messages to the CNS. the CNS then processes the messages and sends responses. The PNS carries the responses to the part of the body that will respond to a stimulus.

Why is it important that reflexes happen with out thinking about them?

the speed of a reflex response can prevent serious harm to the body.