Human Development, EXAM 5

How does the United States compare to other countries regarding the infant mortality rate?

The rate is fairly high in the United States.

Noticing that two of her friends from elementary school are seated at the "cool girls" table in the front row of the cafeteria, Samantha tries to sit with them. She is coldly told that the table is full. The "cool girls" apparently regard themselves as __________.

an ingroup

According to Kübler-Ross, people who lash out at others or at God after a diagnosis of death are in the __________ stage of dying.

anger

For the women who is interviewed in this video segment, the roughest times occur:

at night and weekends

In most families, teenagers' __________ grows gradually over the course of adolescence.

autonomy

Amy sees herself as part of the "sandwich generation," which in her case she defines as

being squished between having a young son and an aging mother.

Minority ethnicity group members who embrace the dominant culture often have a __________, in which they regard themselves simultaneously as part of the dominant culture and their own culture of origin.

bicultural identity

Television that shows women with large breasts, small waists, and slender legs represented as an ideal is likely to have negative consequences on which area?

body image

Long-term participation in child care at an early age is particularly helpful for __________.

children from impoverished home environments

Moving back and forth between the majority and minority cultures according to the particular situation that one is in is called __________.

code switching

After the loss of her husband, Sheila has been feeling significant grief nonstop for over two years. She is experiencing __________.

complicated grief

The term helicopter parents refers to parents who __________.

constantly intervene in their children's lives

By the time children are 4, they engage in __________ play, manipulating objects to produce or build something.

constructive

Parents have a greater __________ in keeping close ties with their children than children have with their parents.

developmental stake

One takeaway message from this video is that __________.

different age groups view the world differently

According to the narrator of this video, most people in developing countries ______.

do not have enough money to retire

The rigid rankings of group members that typify friend networks among boys are known as the __________.

dominance hierarchy

Which of the following is one of the factors that impacts the ultimate consequences for children living in a single-parent household?

economic status of the family

Parents can best create an atmosphere that promotes successful entry into elementary school by __________.

encouraging their children's problem-solving skills

Maria says that she has always known __________ and explains that this was part of her Italian heritage and was "how we grew up."

extended family

What major issue do caretakers such as Amy have to deal with as they care for younger and older generations?

feeling guilty when they are not there for someone

What did most of the younger adults interviewed think that the older generation cared about most?

financial stability

When different cultures come together, one result may be that people identify with neither their own minority culture nor the majority culture. This is called __________.

marginalization

Children whose entry into first grade has been delayed so they can be older than most of their classmates __________.

may show emotional and behavioral problems in adolescence

In the United States, death education is commonly provided to __________.

members of the helping professions

By the end of adolescence, power and influence between parent and child have become __________.

more balanced

A major criticism of Kübler-Ross's theory is that __________.

not everyone passes through all the stages once and in sequence

Caring for one's aging parents can be psychologically tricky because __________.

of the significant degree of role reversal in the relationship

In the United States, more than __________ of births to women under age 30 now occur outside of marriage.

one-half

Close to __________ of families with children are headed by single mothers.

one-quarter

Which of the following is a type of play in which children are not interacting with each other?

parallel play

Which of the following is a risk for children raised in poverty?

poor academic performance

Which of the following is one effect of poverty?

poor medical care

Research shows that adolescents who multitask, performing several tasks simultaneously, tend to __________.

produce more errors than non-multitasking adolescents

In general, early-enrolling children who are younger than their classmates __________.

progress at the same rate as their older peers

The universal function of funeral rites across cultures is to __________.

provide an occasion for sharing grief and comfort

In the third stage of friendship, which begins toward the end of middle childhood (ages 11 to 15), friendship is based on __________.

psychological closeness

Which of the following is a factor in successfully surviving the stress that develops in marriage after the birth of a child?

regarding problems as controllable and solvable

Living in a blended family can be challenging because of __________, a situation in which roles and expectations are unclear.

role ambiguity

Thelma, the 80 year old female from the US, goes to __________ every Friday.

school

The woman who speaks in this interview emphasizes what aspect of coping that has helped her deal with her husband's death?

she tries to remember and focus on the good times she and her husband shared together

The people who are most likely to have adjustment difficulties and health problems after a death are those who __________.

show the most intense distress after the death

As people move from early adulthood into midlife, they typically begin to place a higher priority on __________.

social relationships

In general, people who have adequate resources to choose early retirement __________.

take up a variety of new activities that keep them busy

The technological medium to which adolescents are exposed most often is __________.

television

A significant drop in cognitive performance that foreshadows death in old age is known as __________.

terminal decline

The difficult part of their multi-generation household is ___________.

the parents and grandparents do not always share the same approach to childrearing.

Phinney's first stage of ethnic identity development that is characterized by a lack of exploration of one's own identity and acceptance of the beliefs of the dominant culture is known as __________.

unexamined ethnic identity

Hospice __________.

focuses on making people's final days comfortable

According to the narrator of this video, across cultures, people who choose to retire experience

good physical and mental health

Compared to their peers in traditional schooling, children who have been homeschooled generally __________.

have comparable college acceptance rates

Pressures to simultaneously hold down a job while raising children have convinced many women to __________.

have fewer children

As boys and girls move into puberty, the __________ typical in middle childhood ends.

sex cleavage

Most research suggests that children raised in gay and lesbian households __________ when compared with children raised in heterosexual households.

show few differences in development

The human brain handles multitasking by __________.

switching back and forth between tasks

__________ adolescents are liked by some of their peers and disliked by others.

Controversial

Parents move in with their adult children for many reasons. What was the reason that Maria moved in with her daughter?

Cultural norms

Which of the following statements about the empty nest syndrome is true?

Feelings of sadness and distress are temporary and mild.

Maria's daughter recently got her master's degree. How did her mother's move into the household affect this?

Her mother provided help with the children and the house that allowed her to make this possible.

__________ is the main reason that young adults become boomerang children.

Inability to earn enough money to make it alone

According to measures of the average pace of life, __________ has a quicker pace of life than the United States.

Italy

The woman who speaks in this interview had what experience after her husband died?

She had anxiety and depression.

What did the older person in the film believe that young people focused on?

Social media

In the video interviews, the older man wishes that younger people would focus more on __________.

values

Amy spends approximately how much time a week with her mother?

14 hours

Compared to time spent on productive and maintenance activities, suburban, white, middle-class adolescents typically spend about __________ percent of their time on leisure activities.

50

About how many children in the United States have lesbian or gay parents?

6 million

How did the husband of the woman interviewed in this segment die?

He died of a heart attack at work

Which of the following is one of the significant problems with Do Not Resuscitate orders (DNRs)?

Medical personnel are reluctant to act on DNRs.

Which of the following statements about gender bias in higher education is true?

Men in college classrooms are called on more often than women.

__________ preschools, developed in Italy, use a carefully designed set of materials to create an environment that fosters sensory, motor, and language development through play.

Montessori

How are cliques and crowds the same?

They are both groups of people with similar characteristics.

Maria's daughter comments that her children (Maria's grandchildren) do something that indicate their feelings about their grandmother living with them. What is it?

They include her when they draw family pictures at school.

Which of the following is one of the major reasons why adults are participating in higher education in greater numbers?

They want to acquire skills to prepare for their future retirement.

True or false? Each generation goes through similar stages during life, in terms of goals and values.

True

An institution that provides elderly residents with various levels of care over the remainder of their lives, from separate apartments to full-time medical care, is called __________.

a continuing-care community

According to the narrator of this video, across cultures, people who are forced to retire often experience

a decline in physical and mental health.

According to the video, death is ________.

a natural part of the life cycle

Which of the following is a characteristic of high-quality child care?

a rich language environment involving a lot of interaction

Compared to Sunni Muslim and Druze children, Christian and Jewish children view death in terms of __________.

a scientific viewpoint, seeing death as a cessation of physical activity

__________ is a set of beliefs and expectations about members of a group simply because they belong to that group.

a stereotype

People in middle adulthood typically report that, compared with earlier in life, the pace of their lives is __________.

about the same

Justin has been told by his doctor that he does not have long to live. After some time of difficulty with this news, he decides that he is ready for death, and he wants to be left alone. Which of the stages in Kübler-Ross's theory is Justin experiencing?

acceptance

When two or more different groups of people come into sustained contact, they make changes and adjustments known as __________.

acculturation

According to psychologist Jean Phinney, people who have developed a clear sense of their ethnicity and are proud of it are in the __________ stage of ethnic identity.

achieved ethnic identity

Which of Schlossberg's identified six basic paths of retirement describes those who use retirement as a time to explore entirely new pursuits?

adventurers

In the second stage of grief, people begin to __________.

fully realize their loss and experience their grief

The absence of a heartbeat and breathing is the definition of __________ death.

functional

Which of the following is a factor in adults' choice of friends?

geographical proximity

Popular adolescents generally possess __________, which would make them good diplomats.

high emotional intelligence

Elderly nursing home residents are likely to avoid __________, a psychological apathy about their lives, if they have control over key aspects of daily life.

institutionalism

Adults who are actively engaged in taking care of their grandchildren are called __________ grandparents.

involved

Amy worries that her mother is ______.

isolated

The fact that the initial stage of grief usually includes numbness may be beneficial because __________.

it permits the survivor to accomplish emotionally difficult post-death tasks

According to the narrator of this video, the factors that influence the decision to retire include finances, physical health, and

job satisfaction.

Amy, like many people who are dealing with a serious family or personal problem, finds that

just saying something out loud helps her understand and cope with it.

The percentage of children enrolled in preschool programs in the United States __________ other countries.

lags behind

Compared to white suburban adolescents, poor, urban, African American adolescents spend more time on __________ activities.

leisure

Compared with those in other developed countries, U.S. government-supported public assistance programs for families in poverty are __________.

less generous

Women age 65 and over are almost twice as likely to __________ as men of the same age.

live in poverty