Human Growth and Development Chapter 3
The average age of the onset of puberty in girls is ____, while the average age of onset of puberty in boys is ____.
11 years and 13 years
prejudice
refers to a view of other people, usually a negative view, based on their membership in a specific group.
Traditionally, giftedness was defined by having an IQ score of ____ or higher.
130
According to a theory proposed by ____, identity is a primary force in an adolescent's choice of career.
Donald Super
According to ____, adolescents face a crisis between identity and role confusion. They must balance the desire to try out different selves with the need to select a single self.
Erik Erikson
According to Erikson's theory, only adolescents with behavioral or psychological problems face a crisis between identity and role-confusion.
False
Adolescent males and females both characterize their first sexual experiences as occurring in the context of love.
False
Which statement concerning part-time work and teenagers is true?
Jobs that require the use of some skill tend to enhance self-esteem
Which of the following is the correct formula for determining one's intelligence quotient (IQ), a measure that was first employed in intelligence testing by Lewis Terman in 1916?
MA/CA X 100
emotional
Making threats of physical or other harm is considered to be a form of _____ violence.
by comparing a child's score with the average score of same-age children
On modern tests of intelligence, IQ scores are determined
neglect
One form of child maltreatment is called ____, and involves depriving a child of adequate food, clothing, and/or medical care.
the rewards associated with risky behavior are so appealing.
One reason that adolescents engage in risky behavior is because
the imaginary audience
Patrick wakes up one morning to find that he has developed an enormous pimple right on the end of his nose. All throughout the school day he is absolutely sure that everyone is staring at the blemish, when in reality almost nobody cares enough about it to even look. Patrick's certainty that he is the focus of others' attention demonstrates ____
According to novelists and filmmakers, the search for identity is described as a struggle, a time of ____ for adolescents.
Storm and Stress
Instrumental
aggression occurs when a child uses aggressive actions to achieve an explicit goal.
The ____ parenting style can be described as highly controlling but low in warmth.
authoritarian
The ____ child in a classroom is liked by some classmates, and disliked by other classmates, but in neither case is there a high level of intensity to those feelings.
average
There was this family—maybe you've heard of them. There was a father who had three sons, and he married a woman with three daughters. They were a really fun "bunch." This group is an example of a(n) ____ family.
blended
Individuals with anorexia nervosa have a grossly distorted ____.
body image
The most effective sex education programs are those that are _____.
comprehensive and emphasize responsibility
The third stage of Piaget's theory of cognitive development, which typically occurs between ages 7 and 11 years, is the ____ period.
concrete operational
The ability to draw a conclusion from a set of facts reflects ____ reasoning.
deductive
Which disorder is associated with a pervasive feeling of sadness, irritability, low self-esteem, poor sleep, and difficulty concentrating?
depression
A style of controlling a child's behavior where the parent tells them what to do, when to do it, and why it should be done is called
direct instruction
Regulating the way one feels, recognizing how others feel, and correctly interpreting the facial expressions of others are all elements of ____ intelligence.
emotional
Preconventional moral reasoning is based on ____ forces.
external
Teenagers are more likely to engage in sexual activity when parents
fail to monitor their activities.
When parents set rules with little justification and enforce them without explanation, adolescents are more likely to remain in the identity ____ status because they are prevented from experimenting with different selves, and simply do what they are told to do.
foreclosure
What type of reasoning skills, usually developed during the formal-operational stage of Piaget's theory, are needed for an adolescent to experiment with different selves to learn more about possible identities?
hypothetical reasoning skills
bulimia nervosa
is a disease in which people binge eat and then purge by vomiting or using laxatives.
Friendship
is a voluntary relationship between two people involving mutual liking.
peer pressure
is often regarded as an irresistible harmful force, but research has found that it can have positive consequences as well.
A primary cause of death that is common to both adolescent girls and boys is
motor vehicle accidents
The textbook identifies three ways in which the environment can contribute to differences in test scores. Which of the following is NOT one of them?
peer pressure
puberty
refers to a collection of physical changes that marks the onset of adolescence, including changes height, weight and body composition, and transitions in sexual maturation.
For children and adolescents, the technical definition of overweight is based on ____.
the percentile of their body mass index
Which of the following BEST encapsulates the majority of relationships between adolescents and their parents?
the relationships are warm, loving, and satisfying.
Which of the following is the single best predictor of adolescent sexual behavior?
there is no single factor that best predicts adolescent sexual behavior
Which of the following discipline techniques combines the best features of punishment while also avoiding its drawbacks?
time-out
A child who is diagnosed with a learning disability must meet all EXCEPT which of the following criteria?
The child has an absence of adaptive skills and has difficulties adjusting to their surroundings.
Adolescents are more likely to achieve an identity when parents encourage discussion and recognize the adolescent's growing ____.
autonomy
With regard to the level of behavioral control parents assert over children, research finds that a(n) ____ amount of control is best for children.
moderate
Which of the following are the two dimensions that differentiate various parenting styles?
warmth and responsiveness & parental control
The main assumption of Holland's theory is that people
will be happiest in work environments that match their personalities.
