Human Growth and Development Chapter 3

The average age of the onset of puberty in girls is ____, while the average age of onset of puberty in boys is ____.

11 years and 13 years

prejudice

refers to a view of other people, usually a negative view, based on their membership in a specific group.

​Traditionally, giftedness was defined by having an IQ score of ____ or higher.

130

​According to a theory proposed by ____, identity is a primary force in an adolescent's choice of career.

Donald Super

According to ____, adolescents face a crisis between identity and role confusion. They must balance the desire to try out different selves with the need to select a single self.

Erik Erikson

According to Erikson's theory, only adolescents with behavioral or psychological problems face a crisis between identity and role-confusion.

False

Adolescent males and females both characterize their first sexual experiences as occurring in the context of love.

False

Which statement concerning part-time work and teenagers is true?​

Jobs that require the use of some skill tend to enhance self-esteem

Which of the following is the correct formula for determining one's intelligence quotient (IQ), a measure that was first employed in intelligence testing by Lewis Terman in 1916?

MA/CA X 100

emotional

Making threats of physical or other harm is considered to be a form of _____ violence.

by comparing a child's score with the average score of same-age children

On modern tests of intelligence, IQ scores are determined

neglect

One form of child maltreatment is called ____, and involves depriving a child of adequate food, clothing, and/or medical care.

the rewards associated with risky behavior are so appealing.

One reason that adolescents engage in risky behavior is because

the imaginary audience

Patrick wakes up one morning to find that he has developed an enormous pimple right on the end of his nose. All throughout the school day he is absolutely sure that everyone is staring at the blemish, when in reality almost nobody cares enough about it to even look. Patrick's certainty that he is the focus of others' attention demonstrates ____

According to novelists and filmmakers, the search for identity is described as a struggle, a time of ____ for adolescents.

Storm and Stress

Instrumental

aggression occurs when a child uses aggressive actions to achieve an explicit goal.

​The ____ parenting style can be described as highly controlling but low in warmth.

authoritarian

​The ____ child in a classroom is liked by some classmates, and disliked by other classmates, but in neither case is there a high level of intensity to those feelings.

average

​There was this family—maybe you've heard of them. There was a father who had three sons, and he married a woman with three daughters. They were a really fun "bunch." This group is an example of a(n) ____ family.

blended

​Individuals with anorexia nervosa have a grossly distorted ____.

body image

The most effective sex education programs are those that are _____.​

comprehensive and emphasize responsibility

The third stage of Piaget's theory of cognitive development, which typically occurs between ages 7 and 11 years, is the ____ period.

concrete operational

The ability to draw a conclusion from a set of facts reflects ____ reasoning.

deductive

Which disorder is associated with a pervasive feeling of sadness, irritability, low self-esteem, poor sleep, and difficulty concentrating?​

depression

​A style of controlling a child's behavior where the parent tells them what to do, when to do it, and why it should be done is called

direct instruction

​Regulating the way one feels, recognizing how others feel, and correctly interpreting the facial expressions of others are all elements of ____ intelligence.

emotional

​Preconventional moral reasoning is based on ____ forces.

external

Teenagers are more likely to engage in sexual activity when parents​

fail to monitor their activities.

When parents set rules with little justification and enforce them without explanation, adolescents are more likely to remain in the identity ____ status because they are prevented from experimenting with different selves, and simply do what they are told to do.​

foreclosure

What type of reasoning skills, usually developed during the formal-operational stage of Piaget's theory, are needed for an adolescent to experiment with different selves to learn more about possible identities?​

hypothetical reasoning skills

bulimia nervosa

is a disease in which people binge eat and then purge by vomiting or using laxatives.

Friendship

is a voluntary relationship between two people involving mutual liking.

peer pressure

is often regarded as an irresistible harmful force, but research has found that it can have positive consequences as well.

A primary cause of death that is common to both adolescent girls and boys is

motor vehicle accidents

The textbook identifies three ways in which the environment can contribute to differences in test scores. Which of the following is NOT one of them?

peer pressure

puberty

refers to a collection of physical changes that marks the onset of adolescence, including changes height, weight and body composition, and transitions in sexual maturation.

​For children and adolescents, the technical definition of overweight is based on ____.

the percentile of their body mass index

Which of the following BEST encapsulates the majority of relationships between adolescents and their parents?​

the relationships are warm, loving, and satisfying.

Which of the following is the single best predictor of adolescent sexual behavior?​

there is no single factor that best predicts adolescent sexual behavior

Which of the following discipline techniques combines the best features of punishment while also avoiding its drawbacks?

time-out

A child who is diagnosed with a learning disability must meet all EXCEPT which of the following criteria?

​The child has an absence of adaptive skills and has difficulties adjusting to their surroundings.

Adolescents are more likely to achieve an identity when parents encourage discussion and recognize the adolescent's growing ____.​

​autonomy

​With regard to the level of behavioral control parents assert over children, research finds that a(n) ____ amount of control is best for children.

​moderate

​Which of the following are the two dimensions that differentiate various parenting styles?

​warmth and responsiveness & parental control

The main assumption of Holland's theory is that people​

​will be happiest in work environments that match their personalities.