Human Growth and Development Final Review

According to a research conducted by Eeckhaut et al. in 2013, marriages between people from similar backgrounds tend to be more stable. This practice of people getting married to people who are similar to them is referred to as _____ A) homogamy B) polygamy C) polyandry D) serial monogamy

A

Ego identity is best described as a(n): A) sense of what one stands for. B) identity of self that is adopted from one's parents. C) inflated sense of one's abilities. D) distorted perception of one's worth.

A

Felix is in the stage of early adulthood. In the context of studies conducted by Erik Erikson on the stages of life, the core conflict he is likely to face is _____ A) intimacy versus isolation B) superiority versus inferiority C) autonomy versus dependence D) attempt versus abstinence

A

Hair usually begins to gray in middle adulthood because of: A) a decrease in the production of melanin. B) the replacement of muscle tissues by fat tissues. C) an increase in the production of insulin. D) a decrease in the production of prolactin.

A

In Erik Erikson's fifth stage of psychosocial development, the primary task for adolescents is to develop: A) ego identity. B) ego differentiation. C) ego transcendence. D) ego integrity.

A

__________ Causes the labia, vagina, and uterus to develop during pregnancy a. estrogen b. androgen c. testosterone d. serotonin

A

According to Jeffrey Arnett, _________ is a feature that distinguishes the stage of emerging adulthood A) stability B) self-focus C) lack of possibilities D) resolution of the problems associated with a "revolving door" existence

B

According to a study by Vroman in 2010, unlike early-maturing boys, late-maturing boys are: A) less likely to get involved in substance abuse than early-maturing boys B) more dependent and insecure than early-maturing boys C) more aggressive and delinquent than early-maturing boys. D) more poised, relaxed, and good-natured than early-maturing boys.

B

Adolescents from authoritative homes tend to _________ A) have low self-reliance B) have better mental health C) be rebellious D) be introverts

B

As people age, the immune system produces fewer _________ and the disease-fighting ability of those that remain declines A) ova B) red blood cells C) platelets D) white blood cells

B

Based on research conducted by Shiota and Levenson, middle-aged married couples with differences in conscientiousness and extraversion: A) are unlikely to handle individual and shared responsibilities well. B) are likely to be satisfied in their marriages. C) tend to have more conflicts over division of labor. D) tend to achieve body transcendence rather than ego transcendence.

B

Conflicts between adolescents and parents typically center on issues such as: A) political views. B) curfews. C) economic status. D) health problems.

B

In the context of Kohlberg's postconventional level of moral development, which of the following statements is true of Stage 6? A) It recognizes that laws stem from agreed-on procedures and that many rights have great value and should not be violated. B) It relies on supposed universal ethical principles, such as those of human life, individual dignity, justice, and reciprocity. C) It contends that right and wrong should be judged in terms of social conventions, rules, and laws. D) It assets that adolescents derive conclusions about what they should do in various situations by reasoning from ethical principles.

B

In the context of age-related changes in men and women, which of the following statements is accurate? A) Hearing ability tends to decline more gradually in women than in men. B) Men are more likely than women to die from liver cirrhosis and strokes. C) Heart disease typically develops later in life in men than in women. D) Arthritis is more common in men than women among African Americans. developmental-psychology

B

_________ include alcohol, narcotics derived from the opium poppy (such as heroin, morphine, and codeine), and sedatives (such as barbiturates and methaqualone) A) Stimulants B) Depressants C) Hallucinogenics D) Amphetamines

B

Active religious involvement in late adulthood: A) reduces opportunities for social interactions. B) ensures longevity. C) is linked to life satisfaction D) is unlikely to help achieve ego integrity.

C

Identify a reason life expectancy among men trails that among women by about five years A) Men are less likely to die from accidents, cirrhosis of the liver, strokes, homicide, HIV/AIDS, and cancer. B) Heart disease typically develops later in men as compared to women due to the presence of estrogen. C) Men indulge in unhealthful habits that are more typical of them, such as drinking, reckless behavior, and smoking. D) Women tend to avoid medical attention until preventable or treatable problems become life-threatening.

C

In comparison with adolescents who do not communicate well with their parents, those who do: A) are more likely to have adjustment issues. B) are less likely to be self-reliant or independent. C) are more likely to use birth control. D) are more likely to have low self-esteem.

C

In the context of James Marcia's identity statuses, active exploration of potential career options without actively committing to one of them is associated with _________ A) identity diffusion B) foreclosure C) moratorium D) role diffusion

C

In the context of adolescent employment, which of the following scenarios is true about adolescents who work for more than 11 to 13 hours a week? A) Dwayne, an African American student, finds that his self-esteem is boosted due to his time spent working at a job he is good at. B) Lucy, a European American student, finds that working helps her overcome her issues with social anxiety. C) Rajat, an Asian American student, notices a fall in his grade point average since he has started working. D) Shu, an Asian American student, notices that he wastes a lot of his earnings on frivolous gadgets and gifts.

C

____is a key reason for painful sex among older women a. increased elasticity of vaginal walls b. estrogen production c. lack of adequate lubrication d. diminishing nocturnal emissions

C

in comparison to adolescent girls, adolescent boys are: A) more likely to share personal feelings with friends. B) less likely to interact with those of similar status. C) more likely to engage in organized group activities. D) less likely to have large friendship networks.

C

A difference between cohabitors and noncohabitors is that cohabitors tend to: A) have higher self-esteem and feelings of empathy. B) be more committed to the values associated with the institution of marriage. C) be more religious. D) be less traditional.

D

Andrea and Keith are in love with each other. They have been together for four years and share passionate intimacy. They are committed to each other and plan to marry soon. According to Sternberg's triangular theory of love, Andrea and Keith's relationship can best be termed as: A) romantic love. B) infatuation. C) companionate love. D) consummate love

D

Angeline and Miguel have been dating for almost a year. Six months ago, Miguel moved in with Angeline as they wished to test their compatibility before deciding to get married. This scenario exemplifies: A) polygamy. B) serial monogamy .C) empty love. D) cohabitation.

D

Calcium intake is particularly important for females to: A) avoid early puberty. B) avoid abnormalities in the endocrine system. C) prevent early menopause. D) prevent osteoporosis later in life.

D

Firearms account for 80% of homicides and nearly _________ of suicides A) 25% B) 30% C) 70% D) 50%

D

Identify a benefit of regular church attendance among older adults A) Availability of communal dining facilities B) Propagation of cultural myths C) Emotional and physical intimacy with spouse D) Avoidance of negative coping methods

D

In comparison to friendships of childhood, friendships in adolescence are: A) unlikely to illustrate gender differences. B) less likely to stress the importance of acceptance. C) unlikely to be influenced by age. D) more likely to stress the importance of intimate self-disclosure.

D

In the context of Kohlberg's postconventional level of moral development, which of the following statements is true of Stage 5? A) It relies on universal ethical principles, such as individual dignity, justice, and reciprocity. B) If a law is seen as unjust or contradicts the right of the individual, it is wrong to obey it. C) Moral judgments are derived from conventional standards, not from personal values. D) It is recognized that many rights have great value and should not be violated.

D