Human Nutrition Ch 12

35) What effect does the high-impact exercise have on the bone health? A) increases the risk of falls and fractures B) decreases calcium requirements C) increases bone growth in males but not females D) improves bone mineral density

Improves bone mineral density

4) Which of the following factors can decrease the bioavailability of a mineral? A) phytates found in grain B) cooking C) deficiency of a mineral D) cold storage

Phytates found in grain

24) Phosphorus is the _______ most abundant mineral in the body. A) first B) second C) third D) fourth

Second

27) Which mineral is a component of the protein Keratin found in the hair, skin, and nails? A) magnesium B) chloride C) calcium D) sulfate

Sulfate

29) Drinking wine can cause the hives and throat swelling for some people who have A) glucose intolerance. B) sulfite sensitivity or allergy. C) gluten sensitivity. D) magnesium deficiency.

Sulfite sensitivity or allergy.

10) The American Heart Association goal is to lower blood pressure by reducing daily sodium intake to less than A) 1000 mg. B) 1500 mg. C) 2000 mg. D) 2500 mg.

1500 mg.

30) At what age does the peak bone mass usually develop? A) before adolescence B) during adolescence C) 20s-to early 30's D) late 30's to early 40's

20s-to early 30's

12) Which anion most helps to maintain the fluid balance? A) magnesium B) potassium C) sodium D) chloride

Chloride

13) By weight the major component of the table salt is A) chloride. B) sodium. C) potassium. D) calcium.

Chloride

22) Calcium may have a protective effect against which type of the cancer? A) colon B) lung C) pancreatic D) leukemia

Colon

26) Good dietary sources of the magnesium include all of the following except A) legumes. B) leafy green vegetables. C) dairy products. D) coffee and tea.

Dairy products.

33) The most accurate way to measure the bone mineral density is through A) bioelectrical impedance analysis. B) ultrasonography. C) dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. D) underwater weighing.

Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.

36) The major minerals are called "major" because they have more important roles in the body than the trace minerals. A) True B) False

False

40) Vitamin D and lactose both decrease the absorption of calcium. A) True B) False

False

41) On average, American diet exceeds the RDA for the magnesium. A) True B) False

False

6) Most of the bone is made of A) hydroxyapatite. B) aldosterone. C) sodium carbonate. D) calcitonin.

Hydroxyapatite.

14) In rare cases, athletes who become extremely dehydrated may experience A) hyponatremia. B) hypernatremia. C) hypochloremia. D) hyperchloremia.

Hyperchloremia.

21) Acute Hypercalcemia may cause all of the following except A) muscle weakness B) interference with the absorption of other minerals. C) mental confusion and lethargy D) inflamed tongue.

Inflamed tongue.

15) Hyperkalemia can cause A) bone pain. B) kidney stones. C) irregular heartbeat. D) constipation.

Irregular heartbeat.

19) Which of the following is not a function of the hormone calcitonin? A) It decreases blood calcium levels after a calcium-rich meal. B) It stimulates the uptake of calcium into the bone. C) It increases the activation of the vitamin D. D) It reduces the amount of calcium absorbed through the small intestine.

It increases the activation of the vitamin D.

32) Which of the following is not true about the type 1 osteoporosis? A) It is due to a decrease in estrogen levels during menopause. B) It is more common in men than women. C) It is often associated with fractures of the spine, hip, wrist, or arm. D) It is a condition in which bones become brittle and weaken.

It is more common in men than women.

25) All of the following statements are correct about the phosphorus except A) it is the most common mineral in the body. B) its metabolism is controlled by parathyroid hormone. C) it is part of DNA and RNA. D) it is important for bones and teeth.

It is the most common mineral in the body.

11) What is a key function of chloride? A) It is part of DNA and RNA. B) It acts as an antioxidant. C) It is a major bone material. D) maintain gastric acidity for the protein digestion.

Maintain gastric acidity for the protein digestion.

31) In women, the bone loss accelerates after A) puberty. B) giving birth. C) any age. D) menopause.

Menopause.

5) Which is not a role that minerals play in the body? A) Minerals participate as cofactors. B) Minerals make up bones and teeth. C) Minerals help maintain fluid balance. D) Minerals act as enzymes.

Minerals act as enzymes.

16) Which of the following is a symptom of the potassium deficiency? A) Extreme thirst B) Muscle weakness C) Profound sweating D) Lowered blood pressure

Muscle weakness

20) Which hormone is released when the blood calcium is low? A) parathyroid hormone (PTH) B) aldosterone C) calcitonin D) angiotensin

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

17) Which of the following is a major cation that acts as a buffer in the blood? A) sulfate B) chloride C) potassium D) phosphate

Potassium

7) Which mineral does the sodium work with to help transmit the nerve impulses that signal the muscles to contract? A) magnesium B) potassium C) chloride D) calcium

Potassium

28) Sulfur-based substances are used in the foods as the A) preservatives. B) skin-care products. C) weight-loss aids. D) caffeine substitutes.

Preservatives.

9) Most of the sodium in the typical American diet comes from A) naturally occurring sodium in foods. B) salt added to cooked foods. C) processed foods. D) carbonated beverages.

Processed foods.

18) Almost all (99%) of the calcium in the body is used to A) provide energy for cells. B) provide rigidity for the bones and teeth. C) regulate the transmission of nerve impulses. D) maintain the blood level of calcium within very narrow limits.

Provide rigidity for the bones and teeth.

8) The DASH diet's goal is to A) reduce the hypertension. B) reduce the obesity. C) increase the bone density. D) increase the metabolism.

Reduce the hypertension.

1) Which of the following is not true about the major minerals? A) They are also known as the macrominerals. B) Humans need to consume them in amounts greater than 100 milligrams per day. C) There are at least 5 grams of the mineral in the body. D) The most abundant major mineral in the body is magnesium.

The most abundant major mineral in the body is magnesium.

2) Which of the following is not true about all minerals? A) They are very stable in food. B) They tend to be water insoluble. C) They are destroyed by heat during cooking. D) They are not destroyed by exposure to air.

They are destroyed by heat during cooking.

37) Minerals often compete with each other for the absorption in the GI tract. A) True B) False

True

38) People with the impaired kidneys are at risk for the hyperkalemia. A) True B) False

True

39) Numerous studies suggest that having plenty of potassium in the diet helps increase the bone strength. A) True B) False

True

42) Smokers or Alcoholics have significantly reduced bone density. A) True B) False

True

3) Which of the following increases the absorption of the calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium? A) phytates B) vitamin D C) vitamin C D) polyphenols

Vitamin D

23) Calcium absorption is facilitated by the presence of A) fiber. B) oxalic acid. C) phytic acid. D) vitamin D.

Vitamin D.

34) All of the following are true about the relationship of body weight to bone mineral density (BMD) except A) women who are heavier than the normal weight, have a lower BMD. B) moderate weight loss does not affect the BMD. C) women with anorexia nervosa have a low BMD. D) severe weight loss causes significant loss of the BMD.

Women who are heavier than the normal weight, have a lower BMD.