Human Nutrition Exam 2

Because of the high glycemic index (GI), which of the following foods should be avoided or consumed in moderation by a person with diabetes? Whole grain spaghetti Edamame (sweet green soybeans) Apple Baked potato

Baked Potato

Liana has elevated blood levels of LDL. To lower her LDL levels, she should _______. use more coconut oil in baking eat fewer fruits and vegetables eat less red meat consume more partially-hydrogenated fats

eat less red meat

Pancreatic amylase converts glucose to energy in cells. digests starch in the small intestine. contributes to cystic fibrosis. is secreted by the gallbladder.

digest starch in small intestine

Felix generally consumes about 2500 kcal/day. He wants to reduce the amount of added sugars in his diet to meet the recommendation for added sugar intake according to the 2020-2025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans. Based on this information, Felix will limit his daily intake of added sugars to less than ________ kcal. 115 250 60 345

250

Which of the following characteristics or conditions is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD)? Low body fat Household income Male sex Vitamin D intake

male sex

Cholecystokinin (CCK) is a hormone that ________. enables glucose to enter muscle cells increases the production of salivary amylase stimulates the gallbladder to release bile into the small intestine decreases the excretion of sodium ions from kidneys

stimulates the gallbladder to release bile into the small intestine

A ________ reaction is one in which the nitrogen-containing group of one amino acid is transferred to another substance (such as a Kreb's Cycle intermediate) to make a nonessential amino acid. condensation aminopeptidase transamination deamination

transamination

Which of the following substances is an enzyme that participates in the digestion of proteins? Cholecystokinin Amylase Trypsin Bile

trypsin

Which of the following foods is a rich source of saturated fat and cholesterol? Whole milk Margarine Peanut butter Coconut oil

whole milk

Petros is a 20-year-old male who weighs 180 lbs (82 kg). Based on the RDA for protein for a healthy young adult, what is the minimum amount of protein should Petros consume daily? 180 grams 66 grams 104 grams 92 grams

66 grams

Which of the following statements about hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) is false? HSL is an enzyme that facilitates the removal of three fatty acids from the glycerol backbone of a triglyceride. HSL functions only when insulin levels are low. HSL acts predominately in liver cells. HSL facilitates lipolysis.

HSL acts predominately in liver cells

Which of the following statements about phospholipids is FALSE? Phosopholipids have both hydrophobic and hydrophilic portions. Lecithin is an example of a phospholipid found naturally in egg yolks. Phospholipids are naturally found in both plant and animal foods. Phospholipids have a similar chemical structure to cholesterol.

Phospholipids have a similar chemical structure to cholesterol.

Which of the following grains does NOT contain gluten? Quinoa Rye Semolina flour Barley

Quinoa

Which of the following statements about resistant starches is false? Resistant starches are more fully broken down in the human GI tract than regular starches. Food manufacturers can add resistant starches to their food products. Resistant starches act similar to dietary fiber in the GI tract. Seeds, legumes, and unripened bananas are natural food sources of resistant starches.

Resistant starches are more fully broken down in the human GI tract than regular starches.

Which of the following is a complex carbohydrate? High-fructose corn syrup Soluble fiber Glucose Lactose

Soluble Fiber

The process of ________ occurs when energy is wasted as heat, rather than being converted to ATP. beta-oxidation glycogenolysis ketosis adaptive thermogenesis

adaptive thermogenesis

The citric acid cycle is a/an ________ process. aerobic thermoneutral anaerobic mitochondratic

aerobic

Cole was told by his healthcare provider that he has metabolic syndrome. Which of the following can occur as a result of metabolic syndrome? Increased breakdown of glycogen from the liver to replenish blood glucose levels All of these choices are correct. Insulin resistance Increased insulin secretion

all of these choices are correct

Which of the following factors influences the metabolism of alcohol in the human body? Prior drinking history All of these choices are correct. Body size and composition Age

all of these choices are correct

According to the 2020-2025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans, healthy adults should consume ________. less than 200 mg cholesterol/day as little cholesterol as possible while following a healthy diet less than 400 mg cholesterol/day no cholesterol

as little cholesterol as possible while following a healthy diet

________ is a chemical pathway involved in the catabolism of an activated fatty acid and occurs in the mitochondria. Glycogenesis Glycogenolysis Ketogenesis Beta-oxidation

beta-oxidation

Which of the following foods is NOT usually responsible for causing allergic responses? Wheat and shellfish Carrots and celery Fish and shellfish Peanuts and other nuts

carrots and celery

The breakdown of glycogen into individual glucose molecules is an example of ________. catabolism glycogenesis homeostasis anabolism

catabolism

The body uses proteins to make ________. calcium carbonate magnesium ions certain hormones trans fats

certain hormones

Which of the following plant oils contains the highest amount of saturated fat per tablespoon? Coconut oil Walnut oil Canola oil Safflower oil

coconut oil

Victor is making cake batter. When he added canola oil, low-fat milk, baking powder, and salt together, the oil and milk separated into two layers. To make a mixture that does not separate into oily and watery components, Victor should add ________ and stir the ingredients together. high-fructose corn syrup whey protein fruit juice egg yolks

egg yolks

Which of the following chemical pathways of glucose catabolism produces the highest amount of ATP molecules? Electron chain transport Citric acid cycle Glycolysis Fermentation

electron chain transport

Which of the following statements is true? To remain healthy, your fasting blood glucose level should always be at least 140 mg/dl. Excessive thirst and frequent urination are signs of diabetes. A healthy person's hemoglobin A1c level is greater than 7.5%. People who have excess body fat are more likely to develop type 1 diabetes than type 2 diabetes.

excessive thirst and frequent urination are signs of diabetes

Most lipids have ________ in their chemical structures. glucose polymers nitrogen and sulfur amino acids fatty acids

fatty acids

Compared to a triglyceride molecule, an amino acid molecule ________. is comprised of glucose units has nitrogen in its chemical structure provides more energy has three fatty acids attached to a glycerol

has nitrogen in its chemical structure

Insulin helps glucose enter cells. stimulates cells to break down glycogen for energy. increases blood glucose levels after meals. is released during fasting periods, such as between meals.

helps glucose enter cells

A fasting blood LDL cholesterol level of 165 mg/dL is considered ________. high borderline high near optimal optimal

high

Betty is constipated; she generally has bowel movements only twice a week. To help relieve her constipation without taking medications, Betty should increase her intake of foods that contain soluble fiber. increase her intake of foods that contain insoluble fiber. increase her intake of hard cheese and yogurt. increase her intake of ultraprocessed foods.

increase her intake of foods that contain insoluble fiber

Adrian's diet supplies only about 5% of his daily energy needs from carbohydrates. Therefore, most of his energy intake is provided by proteins and fats. As a result of following this diet, Adrian's body may go into ketosis. lipolysis. glycogenesis. proteolysis.

ketosis

Which of the following statements describes lactic acid? Lactic acid is made from acetyl CoA. Lactic acid is a primary source of energy in the human body. Lactic acid is made under anaerobic conditions. Lactic acid is a two-carbon molecule.

lactic acid is made under anaerobic conditions

In an incomplete protein, the ______ is/are the essential amino acid(s) found in the lowest amount(s) in the food source. limiting amino acid(s) missing amino acid(s) conditionally essential amino acid(s) incomplete amino acid(s)

limiting amino acids

According to Shawn's physician, Shawn has a high risk of ________ because his waist circumference is 42 inches, his blood pressure consistently measures 140 mm Hg/90 mm Hg, and his fasting blood glucose level is 110 mg/dl. diverticulitis metabolic syndrome constipation cystic fibrosis

metabolic syndrome

Jacob is a healthy, active 14-year-old boy. Recently, he began to experience a growth spurt. Based on this information, his body is in ________ nitrogen balance. negative activated inverted positive

positive

Hemoglobin is an example of a protein that exists in the ________ form. quaternary primary tertiary secondary

quaternary

Which of the following statements about epinephrine is false? Increases lipolysis in adipose tissue Stimulates anabolism Increases glycogenolysis in the liver and muscle Also called adrenaline

stimulates anabolism