Human Nutrition Test #4

According to the USDA, a whole cooked chicken is safe to serve when its internal temperature reaches a minimum of

165 F

A pound of body fat provides about _____ kcal.

3500

According to national surveys, the percentage of obese American adults increased by almost ____ % between 1988-1994 and 2009-2010.

60

A young person's metabolic rate increases during periods of growth

A young person's metabolic rate increases during periods of growth

_____ is the primary source of direct energy ("energy currency") for cells.

ATP

Aerobic exercise involves rhythmic, sustained contractions of large muscle groups

Aerobic exercise involves rhythmic, sustained contractions of large muscle groups

Which of the following behaviors is typical of someone who has disordered eating but not an eating disorder?

Skipping breakfast when late for an exam

Which of the following persons is in a state of negative energy balance?

a 22-year old man who consumes 1900 kcal/day and is losing weight

Wendy is a 17-year-old world class gymnast who suffers from female athlete triad. Based on this information, she has

abnormal menstrual cycles

Darlene is a 5 2, 23-year-old woman who weighs almost 250 pounds. To lose weight, she's tried calorie-restricted diets, fad diets, exercise programs, and appetite-suppressing pills without success. She would like to try a surgical weight loss method that reduces the size of her stomach without the use of staples and is reversible. Her physician is likely to recommend

adjustable gastric banding

Which of the following conditions is often associated with the abuse of anabolic steroids?

aggressive behavior

Many sports organizations have banned the use of _____ by athletes.

anabolic steroids

Pathogens

are disease-causing microbes

athletes can benefit from consuming sports drinks during prolonged physical exertion

athletes can benefit from consuming sports drinks during prolonged physical exertion

Which of the following types of pathogens is responsible for most cases of "traveler's diarrhea"?

bacteria

Risk factors for eating disorders include

being female

According to the DSM-5, the three main types of eating disorders are

binge-eating disorder, bulimia nervosa, and anorexia

According to scientific evidence, which of the following substances may benefit muscle recovery after intense exercise?

branched-chain amino acids

By performing exercise regularly, people can reduce their risk of

cardiovascular disease

Trevor enjoys cooking chicken, but he wants to reduce the chances that his food preparation practices do not result in cross contamination. What should he avoid doing?

cleaning the plate used to carry the chicken to the grill with a paper towel before using it for the serving raw vegetables

_____ often transmit pathogens to food.

cockroaches

Which of the following conditions increases a person's metabolic rate?

consuming caffeine

According to scientific evidence, which of the following substances may improve the performance of sprinters and weightlifters?

creatine

Which of the following activities is generally classified as aerobic?

cycling

Consuela is an overweight young woman who wants to lose 10 pounds. The most reliable and safe way for her to lose this weight is to

decrease her usual daily energy intake

dehydration can result in declines in an athlete's strength and endurance

dehydration can result in declines in an athlete's strength and endurance

Esther would like to gain weight, but despite eating regular meals and having no disordered eating practice or eating disorder, her BMI dropped from 19.0 to 16.2 in one year. According to this information, Esther's physician will need to

determine whether Esther has cancer or another chronic diease

Which of the following physical activities is not aerobic?

driving

In their efforts to avoid regaining the weight they have lost, members of the National Weight Control Registry tend to

eat breakfast daily

Which of the following U.S. government agencies oversees the quality of drinking water?

environmental protection agency

Which of the following nutrients can be metabolized for ATP production?

fat

Which of the following conditions or situations increases a person's metabolic rate?

fever

. Which of the following U.S. government agencies regulates all domestic and imported food sold in interstate commerce?

food and drug administration

Which of the following foods is often recommended for an athlete who wants to replenish his or her glycogen stores quickly after performing vigorous physical activity?

fruit juices

Marcia's BMI is 24.2. Based on this information, her weight is in the _____ range.

healthy

Cells release much of the energy stored in macronutrients as

heat

The process of pasteurization involves the use of

heat to kill pathogens

Which of the following pesticides kills weeds?

herbicide

The International Olympic Committee bans the use of _____ among competitive athletes.

human growth hormone

To make your exercise routine more enjoyable, the routine should

incorporate a variety of aerobic, resistance, and flexibility activities

Caffeine's physiological effects

increases urine production

lack of sweating is a sign of heatstroke

lack of sweating is a sign of heatstroke

The liver can convert _____ into glucose that can be released into the bloodstream or stored as glycogen

lactate

Muscle cells can use the _____ energy system to obtain energy..

lactic acid

_____ are often referred to as the "powerhouses" of cells because most of the energy stored in macronutrients is released in them.

mitochondria

most physically active people should consume 20 to 35% of their total energy intake from fat

most physically active people should consume 20 to 35% of their total energy intake from fat

In the United States, _____ are more likely to be overweight or obese than other adults.

non-Hispanic black women

Jillian is an American who is staying in a small town in Guatemala, Central America. To avoid traveler's diarrhea, Jillian should

not drink fresh water

Muscle cells can use the _____ energy system to obtain energy.

oxygen

Which of the following foods would be a nutritious low-fat, high-carbohydrate meal for an athlete?

pasta with fresh vegetables

people who consume the toxin produced by E. coli should seek immediate medical attention

people who consume the toxin produced by E. coli should seek immediate medical attention

pregnant women, very young children, and people who have weakened immune systems have high risk of food-borne illness

pregnant women, very young children, and people who have weakened immune systems have high risk of food-borne illness

According to the ____ theory, a person's body fat level is genetically determined and difficult to alter.

set point

What is exercise?

skeletal muscle contractions that are planned and conducted to increase muscle mass

_____ fat insulates the body and protects muscles and bones from bumps and bruises.

subcutaneous

People with anorexia nervosa have a high risk of dying from

suicide

The _____ gland produces the primary hormone that controls the metabolic rate.

thyroid

_____ is a type of parasitic worm that can be transferred to humans who eat raw or undercooked pork, bear, or seal meat

trichinella

A person's risk of _____ increases as his or her BMI is 30 or more.

type 2 diabetes

People who exercise regularly can reduce their risk of

type 2 diabetes

People with central-body obesity are more likely to develop _____ than people who do not have excess fat in the midsection of their bodies.

type 2 diabetes

Which of the following body fat assessment techniques relies on the principle that lean tissue is denser than water?

underwater weighing

Ashley's BMI is 16.8. Based on this information, her weight is in the _____ range.

underweight

_____ fat is located deep within the abdominal region and protects digestive organs

visceral

Which of the following physical activities metabolizes the most fat?

walking for an hour

During a dental examination, the dentist notices that the enamel on the back sides of Andrew's teeth has eroded, and the some of the teeth are decaying. Based on this information, the dentist suspects that Andrew

frequently makes himself vomit after eating

Obese women have a higher risk of developing _____ during pregnancy than pregnant women who are not obese.

gestational diabetes

A scientist wants to develop a medication that safely reduces hunger to help obese people lose weight. Based on this information, this researcher will explore ways to block the production, release, or action of

ghrelin

Which of the following nutrients can be metabolized for ATP production??

glucose

Muscles store ____, the immediate source of glucose for contracting muscles

glycogen

Which of the following conditions decreases a person's metabolic rate?

growing older

Which of the following foods would be a nutritious low-fat, high-carbohydrate pre-event snack for an athlete?

handful of dried apricots

Jason is a college football player who works out for 60 minutes per day, at least 5 days a week. He weighs 230 pounds, and his BMI is 24.3. According to this information, Jason

has more lean than fat tissue

People with BMIs of 25 or more have greater risks of _____ than people with BMIs in the healthy range.

hypertension

Which of the following conditions is commonly associated with the abuse of anabolic steroids?

hypertension

To boost his complex carbohydrate intake without adding much fat to his diet, Devon can eat

pretzels

Typical treatments for eating disorders include

psychotherapy

Which of the following foods is likely to be a source of Salmonella?

raw chicken

Which of the following foods is not a likely source of food-borne pathogens?

ready-to-eat cereal

What is physical fitness?

the ability to perform moderate to vigorous physical activity without becoming excessively tired