Human phys lab X

What is a typical value for cardiac output in a healthy adult human (in L)?

5

point on ribs if asked for mitral placement

5 down on right side

Your subject's cardiac output is 4.4 L/min , their heart rate is 80 bpm, and their blood pressure is 111/60. What is their stroke volume (use ml, not L)? (no units required)

55.0 ± 2

Based on current (after 2017) guidelines hypertension could be diagnosed based on a diastolic blood pressure greater or equal than__________ mmHg

80

Mean arterial pressure

DBP+1/3 (pp)

Heart Oxygen Demand

HR x SBP

pulse pressure in paragraph form

last millimeters number

In a subject who had aortic stenosis, we would expect to hear?

lub - whistle - dup

Our body is a little like Goldilocks; it wants everything just right. Which of the following is/are true about hypertension, normotension, and hypotension?

. 40-50% of all US adults have hypertension hypertension increases the risk of having a stroke a blood pressure of 80 over 40 could cause syncope severe hypotension may be a more immediate threat to a pateint's life than hypertension

What is a typical value for systolic blood pressure in a healthy adult human?

120

Based on current (after 2017) guidelines a systolic blood pressure of __________ mmHg would be classified as elevated (more than one acceptable answer)

125

Based on current (after 2017) guidelines hypertension could be diagnosed based on a systolic blood pressure greater or equal than__________ mmHg

130

You are taking a subject's blood pressure by the auscultatory method. When you have worked with this patient before, their blood pressure is usually around 132/84. You pump the cuff up until the pressure is 155 mmHg. You then release the pressure from the cuff, while listening for changes in sound as the pressure in the cuff gradually becomes lower. The needle on the sphygmomanometer is moving down and is at 130 mmHg when you hear a relatively loud sound, then it becomes a little softer at around 121, then a little louder again around 111, becomes muffled around 99, and then disappears at 85 mmHg. Based on this information what is their systolic blood pressure?

130

Based on pre-2017 guidelines hypertension could be diagnosed based on a systolic blood pressure __________ mmHg

140

Your subject's heart rate is 67 bpm, their stroke volume is 74 ml/bt, their mean arterial pressure is 95 mmHg, their pulse pressure is 38 mmHg, the distance from their heart to the top of their head is 40 cm, and the distance from their heart to the bottom of their feet is 104 cm. What is the pressure at the bottom of their feet? (no units required)

175.1 ± 1%

Your subject's heart is beating once every 1.07 seconds. Their heart is pumping out 5.0 liters of blood from the heart every minute. After every beat of the heart, there is still 59 milliliters of blood left in the ventricle. The minimum pressure recorded during diastole is 61 millimeters of mercury and every time blood is ejected the pressure increases by 33 millimeters fo mercury from this point. What is this subject's pulse pressure? (no units required

33

point on ribs if asked for tricuspid placement

4 down on right side

Your subject's cardiac output is 6.1 L/min , their heart rate is 62 bpm, and their blood pressure is 115/68. What is their pulse pressure? (must provide units)

47 mmHg

Your subject's heart rate is 67 bpm, their stroke volume is 76 ml/bt, their mean arterial pressure is 100 mmHg, their pulse pressure is 40 mmHg, the distance from their heart to the top of their head is 53 cm, and the distance from their heart to the bottom of their feet is 132 cm. What is the pressure at the top of their head? (no units required)

59.2 ± 1%

a diastolic blood pressure of less than or equal than ________ mmHg would be suggestive of hypotension

60

What is a typical value for stroke volume in a healthy adult human (in mL)?

75

What is a typical value for diastolic blood pressure in a healthy adult human?

80

You are taking a subject's blood pressure by the auscultatory method. When you have worked with this patient before, their blood pressure is usually around 132/84. You pump the cuff up until the pressure is 155 mmHg. You then release the pressure from the cuff, while listening for changes in sound as the pressure in the cuff gradually becomes lower. The needle on the sphygmomanometer is moving down and is at 130 mmHg when you hear a relatively loud sound, then it becomes a little softer at around 120, then a little louder again around 115, becomes muffled around 101, and then disappears at 89 mmHg. Based on this information what is their diastolic blood pressure?

89

Your subject's cardiac output is 4.4 L/min , their heart rate is 73 bpm, and their blood pressure is 128/73. Estimate their heart's oxygen demand? (no units required)

9,344.0 ± 1%

Your subject's heart is beating once every 0.83 seconds. Their heart is pumping out 5.0 liters of blood from the heart every minute. After every beat of the heart, there is still 55 milliliters of blood left in the ventricle. The minimum pressure recorded during diastole is 79 millimeters of mercury and every time blood is ejected the pressure increases by 51 millimeters fo mercury from this point. What is this subject's rate pressure product? (no units required)

9,397.6 ± 1.5%

A systolic blood pressure of __________ mmHg would be suggestive of hypotension

90

A systolic blood pressure of less or equal than__________ mmHg increases the possibility of the subject experiencing syncope

90

Based on pre-2017 guidelines hypertension could be diagnosed based on a diastolic blood pressure __________ mmHg

90

Your subject's heart is beating once every 1.20 seconds. Their heart is pumping out 5.7 liters of blood from the heart every minute. After every beat of the heart, there is still 50 milliliters of blood left in the ventricle. The minimum pressure recorded during diastole is 79 millimeters of mercury and every time blood is ejected the pressure increases by 39 millimeters fo mercury from this point. What is this subject's mean arterial pressure? (no units required)

92 79+ 1/3 (39)

What is a typical value for mean arterial pressure in a healthy adult human?

93.3

if we heard lub - swish - dup it could mean that

E is insufficient

if we heard lub - swish - dup it could mean that

E is regurgitating

bottom of feet

MAP + (0.77 x bottom of feet cm)

top of the head

MAP - (0.77 x top of head cm)

If we heard lub -swish - dup when listening to heart sounds it could mean that

R is regurgitating (mitral valve)

Which sound do we associate with systolic blood pressure?

The first Korotkoff sound

The second heart sound would occur when

The pressure in D falls below the pressure in H

lub-whistle dub

a is stenotic

Pulse pressure

bottom minus top

We demonstrated a couple different methods for determining blood pressure in lab X. One method that we did not use entails placing a catheter into the subject's brachial artery at the level of the heart. This is a very accurate way to measure blood pressue and is is called the _____________________________________________________________ method for determining blood pressure.

direct method

The fourth heart sound would occur when during the cardiac cycle?

during late filling of the ventricle when the atria contract

The third heart sound would occur when during the cardiac cycle?

early filling of the ventricles right after the AV valves open

Which heart sound is associated with closing of the AV valves?

first

When we take a subject's blood pressure by inflating a blood pressure cuff and feeling for their radial pulse, we call this the ___________________________ method for determining blood pressure.

indirect-palpatory

When we use a stethoscope and blood pressure cuff to determine blood pressure, what is true of the first sound we hear?

it is called the first Korotkoff sound

The fifth Korotkoff sound is associated with:

laminar blood flow

diastolic blood pressure in paragraph form

last mmHg number

In a subject who has mitral regurgitation, we would expect to hear? lub - swish - sup

lub - swish - sup

When we use a stethoscope and blood pressure cuff to determine blood pressure, we place the diaphragm of the stethoscope where?

medial anticubital fossa

mean arterial pressure in paragraph form

milimeters + 1/3 (2nd milimeters)

Specific locations around the thorax serve as the optimal sites for listening to sounds associated with normal/abnormal valve function. The 5th intercostal space at the mid-clavicular line is approximately the location of the apex of the heart. This is considered the best location for listening to sounds associated with the __________________ valve

mitral

What does the 4th Korotkoff sound sound like?

muffled

What does the 5th Korotkoff sound sound like?

no sound

The first heart sound would occur when

pressure in P increases above pressure in S

Which heart sound is associated with closing of the semilunar valves?

second

stroke volume

seconds/60 (L/min) / ^ that number mL, not L = ^ that x 1000

rate pressure product in paragraph form

seconds/60=x add last two numbers=y multiply X & Y

If observed, when does the 3rd heart sound occur relative to our other heart sounds?

shortly after S2

If observed, when does the 4th heart sound occur relative to our other heart sounds?

shortly before S1

When we talk about a patient's blood pressure, if we do not say otherwise we are referring to pressure in what part of the circulatory system?

systemic arterial presssure at the level of the heart

During the fourth heart sound

the pressure in T is below pressure in O

One of your patients has hypertension and you usually determine that their blood pressure is around 154/90. However, one of your interns usually determines that they have a blood pressure of around 128/90. What might they be doing wrong to get this answer?

they might not be pumping the pressure in the cuff high enough to be able to observe the first Korotkoff sound

The first Korotkoff sound is associated with:

turbulent blood flow and systolic blood pressure

systolic blood pressure (in paragraph form) = top number

when the sphygmomanometer is moving down number