Human Physiology Quiz 2 Questions

What medication acts by increasing the action of nitric oxide as a treatment for erectile dysfunction? A. Viagra B. marijuana C. Prozac D. naloxone

A. Viagra

The ____________ is a cerebral lobe that is involved in memory and integration of sensory information (mostly pain) with visceral responses. A. temporal B. frontal C. parietal D. insula

D. insula

The ____________ is a cerebral lobe that is involved in memory and integration of sensory information (mostly pain) with visceral responses. A. temporal B. frontal C. parietal D. insula

D. insula

Axonal regeneration is inhibited by A. brain-derived neurotrophic factor. B. nerve growth factor. C. neurotrophin-3. D. myelin-associated inhibitory protein.

D. myelin-associated inhibitory protein.

Neural crest cells differentiate into A. the telencephalon B. the red nucleus C. the basal nuclei D. peripheral nervous system ganglia

D. peripheral nervous system ganglia

Brain metabolism may be best studied by A. electroencephalography. B. computed tomography. C. magnetic resonance imaging. D. positron-emission tomography

D. positron-emission tomography

Visual inputs are interpreted on the occipital lobe of the cerebral cortex.

TRUE

Blood flow to skeletal muscle would be _____________ in response to muscarinic antagonists. A. increased B. decreased C. not changed

B. decreased

In a myelinated axon, Na+ channels are A. along the whole length of the axon. B. every 5 mm. C. concentrated at the nodes of Ranvier. D. less numerous at the nodes of Ranvier.

C. concentrated at the nodes of Ranvier.

Somatic motor reflexes involve A. the autonomic nervous system. B. contraction of smooth muscle. C. contraction of skeletal muscle. D. the autonomic ganglia.

C. contraction of skeletal muscle.

What occurs when one sympathetic preganglionic neuron synapses on several postganglionic neurons? A. convergence B. cooperation C. divergence D. All apply.

C. divergence

What occurs when one sympathetic preganglionic neuron synapses on several postganglionic neurons? A. convergence B. cooperation C. divergence D. All apply.

C. divergence

What type of neural pathway involves one neuron forming synapses with several post synaptic neurons? A. convergent B. oscillating C. divergent D. plastic

C. divergent

Which type of cell lines the ventricles of the brain and help produce cerebrospinal fluid? A. microglia B. satellite cells C. ependymal cells D. oligodendrocytes

C. ependymal cells

Neural stem cells from the subventricular zone are important in the renewal of _______ neurons. A. visual B. gustatory C. olfactory D. auditory

C. olfactory

Which of the following is true of axons? A. contain receptive areas B. very thin and short C. originates at the axon hillock on the cell body D. transmits graded electrochemical impulses

C. originates at the axon hillock on the cell body

Damage to the terminal ganglia would have the greatest effect on A. somatic motor nerves. B. sympathetic motor nerves. C. parasympathetic motor nerves D. somatic reflex function.

C. parasympathetic motor nerves

Which brain structure contains two respiratory control centers? A. cerebellum B. epithalamus C. pons D. midbrain

C. pons

Cells supporting neuron cell bodies in ganglia are termed A. astrocytes. B. ependymal cells. C. satellite cells. D. Schwann cells.

C. satellite cells.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) uses ______________ as its basis for producing images. A. x-rays B. gamma rays C. spinning protons D. electrical currents

C. spinning protons

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) uses ______________ as its basis for producing images. A. x-rays B. gamma rays C. spinning protons D. electrical currents

C. spinning protons

___________ selectively stimulates a2 receptors in brain neurons thereby suppressing sympathoadrenal activation and lowering blood pressure. A. Clonidine B. Atropine C. Acetylcholine D. Bradykinin

A. Clonidine

Neurons of the ventrolateral preoptic nucleus (VLPO) of the hypothalamus release _______ that promotes sleep. A. GABA B. acetylcholine C. dopamine D. histamine

A. GABA

The brain and spinal cord comprise the A. central nervous system. B. peripheral nervous system. C. peripheral ganglia. D. spinal nerves.

A. central nervous system.

Destruction of the embryonic ______________ will prevent formation of the nervous system. A. ectoderm B. mesoderm C. endoderm D. mesoglia

A. ectoderm

Destruction of the embryonic_____________ will prevent formation of the nervous system A.ectoderm B.mesoderm C.endoderm D.mesoglia

A. ectoderm

Botulism toxin prevents release of ACh, causing A. flaccid paralysis. B. hemiplegia. C. spastic paralysis. D. None apply.

A. flaccid paralysis.

Muscarinic ACh receptors are found in all of the following locations EXCEPT A. skeletal muscle B. smooth muscle C. cardiac muscle D. glands

A. skeletal muscle

Which poison inhibits glycine receptors? A. strychnine B. curare C. tetrodotoxin D. All of the choices are correct.

A. strychnine

Visual reflexes would be impaired by damage to the A. superior colliculi. B. inferior colliculi. C. red nucleus. D. medial geniculate nuclei.

A. superior colliculi.

MAO inhibitors may cause hypertensive crisis by a person eating foods rich in A. phenylalanine. B. tyramine. C. glutamic acid. D. tryptophan.

B. tyramine.

What part of the mesolimbic system found in the midbrain is involved with behavioral reward? A. corpora quadrigemina B. ventral tegmental area C. substantia nigra D. nigrostriatal system

B. ventral tegmental area

____________ is an acetylcholinesterase antagonist used to treat myasthenia gravis. A. Neostigmine B. Muscarine C. Naloxone D. Nitric oxide

A. Neostigmine

What type of cerebellar cells provide communication to other brain areas? A. Purkinje cells B. reticular cells C. supraoptic cells D. pyramidal cells

A. Purkinje cells

During ______________ sleep, dreams that can be recalled are most likely to occur. A. REM B. deep C. nonREM D. dozing

A. REM

During ______________ sleep, dreams that can be recalled are most likely to occur. A. REM B. deep C. nonREM D. dozing

A. REM

The myelin sheaths of PNS neurons are produced by A. Schwann cells. B. oligodendrocytes. C. ependymal cells. D. leukocytes.

A. Schwann cells.

A "word salad" speech pattern occurs when A. Wernicke's area is damaged B. Broca's area is damaged C. the angular gyrus is damaged D. spinal nerve are damaged

A. Wernicke's area is damaged

Phenylephrine functions as a _______ because it promotes vasodilation in nasal mucosa. A. a1 agonist. B. a1 antagonist. C. b1 agonist. D. b1 antagonist.

A. a1 agonist.

64. The neurotransmitter released at terminal ganglia is A. acetylcholine. B. dopamine. C. epinephrine. D. norepinephrine.

A. acetylcholine.

What is the purpose of the motor circuit? A. allows intended movements to occur and inhibits unwanted movements B. permits REM sleep C. activates the RAS D. inhibits language comprehension

A. allows intended movements to occur and inhibits unwanted movements

Intracellular Ca2+ is elevated if norepinephrine binds to a(n) _____________ receptor. A. alpha-1 adrenergic B. alpha-2 adrenergic C. beta-1 adrenergic D. beta-2 adrenergic

A. alpha-1 adrenergic

Enhancing the excitability of a synapse so that transmission is favored along certain pathways is called A. long-term potentiation. B. synaptic plasticity. C. excitotoxicity. D. summation.

A. long-term potentiation.

Which type of cell of the CNS is phagocytotic? A. microglia B. satellite cells C. ependymal cells D. oligodendrocytes

A. microglia

Which of the following is NOT a structural classification of neurons? A. motor neuron B. bipolar neuron C. multipolar neuron D. pseudounipolar neuron

A. motor neuron

What condition is caused by a sudden failure of the RAS? A. narcolepsy B. Parkinson's disease C. Alzheimer's disease D. insomnia

A. narcolepsy

Which of the following is a catecholamine? A. norepinephrine B. acetylcholine C. nitric oxide D. All apply.

A. norepinephrine

Which of the following is NOT true of dendrites? A. transmits action potentials toward the cell body B. are thin extensions of the cell body C. transmit graded electrochemical impulses toward the cell body D. contain receptive areas

A. transmits action potentials toward the cell body

a "word salad" speech patter occurs when A.Wernicke's area is damaged B.Broca's area is damaged C.the angular gyrus is damaged D.spinal nerves are damaged

A.Wernicke's area is damaged

Somatic motor neurons have a direct connection between the CNS and their effector organs while ______________ motor neurons must synapse on with a peripheral neuron before reaching their effectors. A. skeletal B. sensory C. autonomic D. Both skeletal and autonomic are correct.

A.autonomic

Being able to recognize the face of a schoolmate at your 30 year reunion, would be a function of the A. inferior temporal lobes. B. occipital lobe. C. medial temporal lobes. D. anterior frontal lobes.

A.inferior temporal lobes

Having the APOE4 gene increases the likelihood of developing A. Huntingdon's disease. B. Alzheimer's disease. C. Parkinson's disease. D. amnesia.

B. Alzheimer's disease.

Which of the following statements is true of the cerebral cortex? A. Sensations from the feet would be on the most inferior area of the somatesthetic cortex. B. Areas of the body with the greatest density of receptors will have larger areas on the somatesthetic cortex. C. The hands have a very small area on the motor cortex. D. The left side of the motor cortex controls muscles on the left side of the body.

B. Areas of the body with the greatest density of receptors will have larger areas on the somatesthetic cortex.

Muscarinic ACh receptors act through ____________ activation of K+ channels. A. cGMP B. G-protein C. M-protein D. ATP

B. G-protein

_____________ ganglia are associated with the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system. A. Paravertebral B. Terminal C. Collateral D. Basal

B. Terminal

Sensory neurons A. are multipolar and carry impulses toward the CNS. B. are pseudounipolar and carry impulses toward the CNS. C. are bipolar and carry impulses away from the CNS. D. are multipolar and carry impulses away from the CNS.

B. are pseudounipolar and carry impulses toward the CNS.

The function of ____________ neurons is to link sensory stimuli with the appropriate motor responses. A. bipolar B. association C. motor D. pseudounipolar

B. association

Ablation of the amygdala and limbic system would primarily result in A. loss of voluntary muscle contraction. B. attenuation of aggressive behaviors. C. loss of ability to detect olfactory inputs. D. no noticeable effects.

B. attenuation of aggressive behaviors.

What condition may be partly caused by impairment of mirror neuron function? A. Alzheimer's disease B. autism spectrum disorder C. Parkinson's disease D. epilepsy

B. autism spectrum disorder

Acetylcholine can induce hyperpolarization by A. binding to nicotinic receptors. B. binding to muscarinic receptors. C. binding to -adrenergic receptors. D. binding to -adrenergic receptors.

B. binding to muscarinic receptors.

Atropine would A. block the release of epinephrine from the adrenal medulla. B. block constriction of the pupil. C. stimulate skeletal muscle contraction. D. facilitate near vision.

B. block constriction of the pupil.

What structure separates the frontal and parietal lobes? A. corpus callosum B. central sulcus C. lateral sulcus D. longitudinal fissure

B. central sulcus

Which of the following is NOT a function of the hypothalamus? A. controls hunger and thirst B. controls reactions to odors C. controls body temperature D. controls the autonomic nervous system

B. controls reactions to odors

Ataxia is often associated with A. damage to the motor cortex. B. damage to the cerebellum. C. damage to the pyramidal tracts. D. damage to the occipital lobe.

B. damage to the cerebellum.

Impaired motor coordination in Parkinson's disease is often due to A. degeneration of the red nucleus. B. degeneration of the substantia nigra. C. lack of regulation of the cerebral peduncles. D. degeneration of the mesolimbic system.

B. degeneration of the substantia nigra.

Excitatory postsynaptic potentials are produced by A. glycine. B. glutamic acid. C. gamma-aminobutyric acid. D. benzodiazepines.

B. glutamic acid.

Where do autonomic postganglionic neurons originate? A. hindbrain B. gray matter of spinal cord C. peripheral ganglia D. All apply.

B. gray matter of spinal cord

Which of the following is NOT a collateral ganglion? A. superior mesenteric B. hepatic C. celiac D. inferior mesenteric

B. hepatic

Writing skills would be impaired if the ___________ cerebral hemisphere atrophied. A. right B. left C. both

B. left

An electroencephalogram obtained from an adult who is thinking would probably display A. many alpha waves. B. many beta waves. C. many delta waves. D. many theta waves.

B. many beta waves.

Individuals with aphasia A. often have damage to spinal nerves. B. may not be able to write if the angular gyrus is damaged C. often speak slowly if Wernicke's area is damaged D. often form nonsensicial sentences fi Broca's area is damaged

B. may not be able to write if the angular gyrus is damaged

Individuals with aphasia A. often have damage to spinal nerves. B. may not be able to write if the angular gyrus is damaged. C. often speak slowly if Wernicke's area is damaged. D. often form nonsensical sentences if Broca's area is damaged.

B. may not be able to write if the angular gyrus is damaged.

The midbrain forms from the A. telencephalon. B. mesencephalon. C. myelencephalon. D. diencephalon.

B. mesencephalon.

The cerebellum forms from the A. telencephalon B. metencephalon C. myelencephalon D. diencephalon

B. metencephalon

The gap of exposed axon in the myelin sheath is the A. neurilemma. B. node of Ranvier. C. sheath of Schwann. D. white matter.

B. node of Ranvier

The myelin sheaths of CNS neurons are produced by A. Schwann cells. B. oligodendrocytes. C. ependymal cells. D. leukocytes.

B. oligodendrocytes.

Cutaneous effectors such as blood vessels, sweat glands, and errector pili muscles are innervated by A. only parasympathetic nerves. B. only sympathetic nerves. C. both parasympathetic and sympathetic nerves. D. both parasympathetic and somatic nerves.

B. only sympathetic nerves.

Postganglionic ____________ nerves release acetylcholine. A. sympathetic B. parasympathetic C. somatic D. sensory

B. parasympathetic

Which area of the brain has shown to be involved in complex problem-solving? A. hippocampus B. prefrontal cortex C. amygdala D. medial temporal lobe

B. prefrontal cortex

Endocannabinoids are retrograde neurotransmitters, meaning they are A. released from presynaptic neurons and diffuse to the postsynaptic neuron. B. released from postsynaptic neurons and diffuse to the presynaptic neuron. C. released from presynaptic neurons and diffuse back to the presynaptic cell body. D. None apply.

B. released from postsynaptic neurons and diffuse to the presynaptic neuron.

Autonomic motor nerves do NOT innervate A. smooth muscle. B. skeletal muscle. C. cardiac muscle. D. glands.

B. skeletal muscle.

Nitric oxide A. is a chemical messenger activating adenylate cyclase. B. stimulates the dilation of blood vessels. C. is produced from L-asparagine. D. All apply.

B. stimulates the dilation of blood vessels.

Which area of the brain contains neural stem cells that are apparently important in learning and memory? A. arcuate fascicles B. subgranular zone of the hippocampus C. temporal lobe D. cerebral cortex

B. subgranular zone of the hippocampus

Aphasias are most often associated with damage to ___________ and ___________ areas. A. Wernicke's and the angular gyrus B. fornix and Broca's C. Broca's and Wernicke's D. the angular gyrus and septal nuclei

C. Broca's and Wernicke's

What ion is involved in stimulating genetic transcription needed for learning and memory? A. Na+ B. K+ C. Ca2+ D. NO

C. Ca2+

Which imaging technique uses magnetic fields produced by postsynaptic electric currents to produce an image? A. EEG B. fMRI C. MEG D. PET

C. MEG

____________ innervate muscles and glands. A. Sensory neurons B. Ganglia C. Motor neurons D. Association neurons

C. Motor neurons

_____________ is released by most postganglionic sympathetic nerves. A. Acetylcholine B. Epinephrine C. Norepinephrine D. Dopamine

C. Norepinephrine

The conversion of short-term memory to long-term memory would be inhibited by A. ablation of the pons. B. ablation of the cerebral nuclei. C. ablation of the hippocampus. D. ablation of the occipital lobe.

C. ablation of the hippocampus.

"Synapses en passant" refers to the fact that postganglionic autonomic neurons release neurotransmitter A. from the axon terminal. B. only when receptors pass over the axon. C. along the length of the axon. D. from the soma.

C. along the length of the axon.

What structure connects Wernicke's area to Broca's area? A. corpus striatum B. angular gyrus C. arcuate fasciculus D. corpus callosum

C. arcuate fasciculus

What structure connects Wernicke's area to Broca's area? A. corpus striatum B. angular gyrus C. arcuate fasciculus D. corpus callosum

C. arcuate fasciculus

Somatic motor neurons have a direct connection between the CNS and their effector organs while ______________ motor neurons must synapse on with a peripheral neuron before reaching their effectors. A. skeletal B. sensory C. autonomic D. Both skeletal and autonomic are correct.

C. autonomic

Which division of the nervous system innervates involuntary effectors? A. central nervous system B. somatic nervous system C. autonomic nervous system D. associative nervous system

C. autonomic nervous system

Which drug acts to inhibit the reuptake of dopamine and amphetamines into the nucleus accumbens in the forebrain? A. alcohol B. amphetamines C. cocaine D. opiates

C. cocaine

23. Which of the following is the correct list of the lobes of the cerebrum? A. insula, temporal, parietal, pons, occipital B. temporal, frontal, insula, cerebellum, occipital C. frontal, parietal, temporal, insula, occipital D. cerebrum, midbrain, thalamus, pons, medulla oblongata

C. frontal, parietal, temporal, insula, occipital

Which of the following is the correct list of the lobes of the cerebrum? A. insula, temporal, parietal, pons, occipital B. temporal, frontal, insula, cerebellum, occipital C. frontal, parietal, temporal, insula, occipital D. cerebrum, midbrain, thalamus, pons, medulla oblongata

C. frontal, parietal, temporal, insula, occipital

Damage to the temporal lobe of the cerebrum would limit A. voluntary skeletal muscle contraction. B. integration of cerebral activities. C. hearing. D. vision.

C. hearing

Damage to the temporal lobe of the cerebrum would limit A. voluntary skeletal muscle contraction. B. integration of cerebral activities. C. hearing. D. vision.

C. hearing.

In the spinal cord, the gray matter is arranged into _____ and the white matter is arranged into ______. A. columns, horns B. funiculi, tracts C. horns, funiculi D. tracts, funiculi

C. horns, funiculi

The second messenger mediating the effects of norepinephrine on the heart would be A. increased intracellular Ca2+. B. decreased Ca2+. C. increased cyclic AMP. D. decreased intracellular cyclic AMP.

C. increased cyclic AMP.

At what region of the neuron are action potentials first produced? A. dendrites B. cell body C. initial segment of an axon D. axon hillock

C. initial segment of an axon

Most corticospinal tracts decussate in the A. midbrain. B. basal nuclei. C. medulla oblongata. D. spinal cord.

C. medulla oblongata.

The disease ______________ is characterized by destruction of CNS myelin sheaths and the formation of hardened scars. A. Parkinson's B. Alzheimer's C. multiple sclerosis. D. myasthenia gravis

C. multiple sclerosis.

The varied strength of synaptic transmission is called A. spatial summation. B. temporal summation. C. synaptic plasticity. D. EPSP.

C. synaptic plasticity.

Damage to the Papez circuit prevents communication between A. the limbic system and olfactory bulbs. B. the limbic system and hippocampus. C. the limbic system and the diencephalon. D. the limbic system and the cerebrum.

C. the limbic system and the diencephalon.

Which of the following is NOT a vital function of the medulla oblongata? A. vasomotor control B. cardiac control C. thirst control D. respiratory control

C. thirst control

A bundle of axons in the CNS is called a/an A. nerve. B. bundle. C. tract. D. neuron.

C. tract.

What type of neurons are found in the precentral gyrus? A. sensory neurons B. lower motor neurons C. upper motor neurons D. middle motor neurons

C. upper motor neurons

What type of neurons are found in the precentral gyrus? A. sensory neurons B. lower motor neurons C. upper motor neurons D. middle motor neurons

C. upper motor neurons

The parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system A. utilizes norepinephrine as a postganglionic neurotransmitter. B. has a relatively short preganglionic neuron. C. utilizes acetylcholine as a preganglionic neurotransmitter. D. includes the adrenal medulla.

C. utilizes acetylcholine as a preganglionic neurotransmitter.

The parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system A. utilizes norepinephrine as a postganglionic neurotransmitter. B. has a relatively short preganglionic neuron. C. utilizes acetylcholine as a preganglionic neurotransmitter. D. includes the adrenal medulla.

C. utilizes acetylcholine as a preganglionic neurotransmitter.

The swellings on postganglionic axons that contain neurotransmitter are called A. synaptic bulbs. B. axon terminals. C. varicosities. D. neuromuscular junctions.

C. varicosities.

The ______ is involved in the improvement of memory when the memory has an emotional content. A. caudate nucleus B. substantia nigra C. amygdala D. lentiform nucleus

C.amygdala

Which of the following is NOT a functional classification of neurons? A. motor or efferent B. interneuron or association C. multipolar D. sensory or afferent

C.multipolar

Neurogenesis is the formation of new ______________ from neural stem cells. A. ependymal cells B. astrocytes C. neurons D. All apply.

C.neurons

Neural stem cells from the subventricular zone are important in the renewal of _______ neurons. A. visual B. gustatory C. olfactory D. auditory

C.olfactory

Which of the following are natural analgesics? A. endorphins B. enkephalins C. dynorphins D. All apply.

D. All apply.

If the dorsal root of a spinal nerve were to be cut, the individual would A. have no motor responses for that nerve. B. have no sensory perception from that nerve. C. have no reflexes involving that nerve. D. Both have no sensory perception from that nerve and have no reflexes involving that nerve are correct.

D. Both have no sensory perception from that nerve and have no reflexes involving that nerve are correct.

Postsynaptic inhibition is caused by A. acetylcholine B. GABA C. glycine D. GABA and glycine

D. GABA and glycine

What type of neuron is found entirely in the CNS? A. sensory neuron B. interneuron C. association neuron D. Interneuron and association neuron are correct.

D. Interneuron and association neuron are correct.

Action potential transmission in the PNS is decreased if which cells are damaged? A. astrocytes B. microglia C. oligodendrocytes D. Schwann cells

D. Schwann cells

The suprachiasmatic nuclei A. are located in the anterior hypothalamus. B. controls melatonin secretion from the pineal gland. C. contains "clock cells" that have patterns which repeat about every twenty-four hours. D. All apply.

D. all apply

Nerve fibers of the ___________ tract decussate in the spinal cord and are involved in regulating fine motor movements. A. tectospinal B. anterior spinothalamic C. lateral corticospinal D. anterior corticospinal

D. anterior corticospinal

Nerves that serve the leg come from the A. sacral plexus. B. brachial plexus. C. lumbar plexus. D. both the sacral and lumbar plexuses.

D. both the sacral and lumbar plexuses.

From where do parasympathetic preganglionic neurons originate? A. brainstem B. thoracic and lumbar region of the spinal cord C. sacral region of the spinal cord D. brainstem and sacral region of the spinal cord

D. brainstem and sacral region of the spinal cord

Which type of EEG pattern in an awake adult is indicative of brain damage? A. alpha waves B. beta waves C. theta waves D. delta waves

D. delta waves

Which type of EEG pattern in an awake adult is indicative of brain damage? A. alpha waves B. beta waves C. theta waves D. delta waves

D. delta waves

Damage to the _____________ nerve would inhibit salivary production. A. abducens B. vagus C. hypoglossal D. facial

D. facial

Which cranial nerve allows one to make facial expressions and secrete tears? B. glossopharyngeal C. hypoglossal D. facial

D. facial

Sensory impulses for fine touch, precise pressures, and body movement are carried by the _____ tracts. A. anterior spinothalamic B. posterior spinocerebellar C. lateral spinothalamic D. fasciculi cuneatus and gracilis

D. fasciculi cuneatus and gracilis

The parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system A. has long postganglionic neurons. B. has a single neuron arising from the spinal cord. C. has relatively short preganglionic neurons. D. has terminal ganglia embedded in the visceral effectors.

D. has terminal ganglia embedded in the visceral effectors.

The parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system A. has long postganglionic neurons. B. has a single neuron arising from the spinal cord. C. has relatively short preganglionic neurons. D. has terminal ganglia embedded in the visceral effectors.

D. has terminal ganglia embedded in the visceral effectors.

Ablation of the ___________ in the midbrain would impair the ability to respond to sounds. A. superior colliculi B. medial colliculi C. red nucleus D. inferior colliculi

D. inferior colliculi

Which of the following is NOT true of axonal transport? A. uses molecular motors B. can transport anterograde or retrograde C. has one fast and two slow components D. is a passive process

D. is a passive process

What type of neurons aid in imitating, understanding intentions and behaviors of others, and having empathy with the emotions of others? A. sensory neurons B. motor neurons C. association neurons D. mirror neurons

D. mirror neurons

What type of neurons aid in imitating, understanding intentions and behaviors of others, and having empathy with the emotions of others? A. sensory neurons B. motor neurons C. association neurons D. mirror neurons

D. mirror neurons

The vagus nerve would innervate all of the following except A. the heart. B. the stomach. C. the liver. D. the iris.

D. the iris.

Which cranial nerve is vital for the functioning of the visceral organs? A. abducens B. glossopharyngeal C. hypoglossal D. vagus

D. vagus

The hypothalamus and the limbic system are involved in A. aggression. B. fear. C. sex. D. goal-directed behavior. E. All apply.

E. all apply

Neural stem cells in adult mammalian brains are found in the A. cerebral cortex B. subventricular zone C. midbrain D. subgranular zone E. both the subventricular and subgranular zones

E. both the subventricular and subgranular zones

Neural stem cells in adult mammalian brains are found in the A. cerebral cortex. B. subventricular zone. C. midbrain. D. subgranular zone. E. both the subventricular and subgranular zones.

E. both the subventricular and subgranular zones.

True or False Ablation of the limbic system may result in an absence of fear.

True

what is the mode of inheritance inn huntingon disease

autosomal dominant disorder

what brain nucleus is affected in huntington disease

caudate nucleus

Explain Conduction Aphasia lesion/speaking/comprehension

lesion of arcuate fasciculis which connects broca and wernickes area. a person affected can speak well, sing, comprehend language but can't repeat phrases

Explain Brocas Aphasia lesion/speaking/comprehension

lesion of broca's area they have difficult speaking but comprehension is in tact

Explain Wernicke Aphasia lesion/speaking/comprehension

lesion of wernicke's area they speak fluently however have rapid nonsensical speech called "word salad" also language comprehension can be impaired

name the blood vessel that is ruptured in subrachnoid hemorrhage(hematoma) prefferd diagnostic imaging required (also subdural)

medial anterior posterior cerebral artery of the circle of willis, hypertension is a culprit and MRI/MRA (for subdural hematoma is bridging vein CT scan)

in epidural hemtoma name the artery that is ruptured and the preffered diagnostic imaging required

middle meningeal artery is ruptures CT scan without contrast

intracranial hypertension (psuedotumor cerebri) is caused by blockage of the arachnoid villi that reabsorbs CSF. Name the 3 risk factors associated with intracranial hypertension.

obesity oral contraception vitamin A supplement for acne and also being female

name the neurons that is depleted in parkinson disease in alzheimer

parkinson: dopamineric neuron of of substantia nigra alzheimers: cholinergic neurons of basal nucleus

what is anticipation

phenomenon that occurs due to increased repetiton of nucleotide sequence of CAG such as huntington disease where it passes from generation to generation increasing the chances of the latest generation to get it earlier than the previous