Hun1201 - Chapter 5
According to the Nutrition Facts panel, a serving of ready-to-eat cereal contains 44g of total carbohydrates, 5 g of dietary fiber, and 10 g of sugars. Estimate the grams of starch in the serving of the cereal.
44g-15g=29grams
What is a ketone body?
A ketone body is a chemical that results from the imcomplete breakdown of fat.
What is the difference between a nutritive sweetener and a nonnutritive sweetener?
A nutritive sweetener provides energy, whereas a nonnutritive sweetener does not provide energy in the amounts typically used to sweeten foods.
How can a person easily determine the carbohydrate and fiber content in a serving of a packaged food?
A person can read the Nutrition facts panel to determine the carbohydrate and fiber content in a serving of food.
Instead of drinking orange juice, should you choose a beverage called "Orange-Ade"?
Fruit juice is a better choice-it's a natural product that contains nutrients and phytochemicals in fruit. "Orange-Ade" is not nutritionally equivalent-maybe on 10% fruit juice.
_____ is a primary fuel for muscles and other cells
Glucose
What are the chemical names for blood sugar, table sugar, milk sugar and malt sugar?
Glucose is blood sugar, Sucrose is table sugar, Lactose is milk sugar, and Maltose is malt sugar.
Chemical names for Carbohydrates are:
Glucose, fructose and sucrose
Identify the three most important dietary monosaccharides.
Glucose, fructose, and galactose
List at least three ways to increase dietary fiber intake.
Increase one's intake of plant foods, whole-grain breads and cereals,
Dietary Fiber (Fiber)
Indigestible plant material; most types are polysaccharides
Disaccharide
di=two; is a sugar comprosed of two monosaccharides maltose (malt sugar), sucrose (table sugar), Lactose (milk sugar)
What substance is a polysaccharide?
Glycogen
Glycogenolysis
Glycogen breakdown
____ are the primary source of added sugars in the typical American diet.
Regular soft drinks
Ketone bodies
chemicals that result from incomplete fat breakdown
Sucrose
Disaccharide comprised of a glucose and a fructose molecule; "table sugar"
Lactose
Disaccharide comprised of a glucose and a galactose molecule, "milk sugar"
Name the condition that is clearly associated with eating dietary carbohydrates, especially sticky sugars?
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Erika wants to prevent the development of type 2 diabetes. What health-related lifestyle practices can she follow to reduce her risk of this serious metabolic disease?
Avoid being overweight, be physically active, and eat a "prudent" diet.
Under what conditions does the body form excessive ketone bodies?
Cells form ketone bodies when they use greater-than-normal amounts of fat for energy. Under these conditions, there is not enough glucose available for cells to metabolize the fat efficiently, and excessive ketone bodies form as a result.
Complex Carbohydrates (polysaccharides)
Compounds comprised of 10 or more monosaccharides bonded together
Name a food that has a high glycemic index?
Cornflakes cereal
Discuss the health benefits of including soluble and insoluble fiber in diets.
Eating soluble fiber can reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease by reducing blood cholesterol levels. The insoluble fiber in food attracts water and swells in the digestive tract, forming a large soft mass that applies pressure to the inner muscular walls of the large intestine, allowing muscles to push residue quickly through the tract. Resulting in less strain when having bowel movements.
What are the signs and symptoms of type 1 and type 2 diabetes?
Elevated blood glucose levels, Excessive thirst, Frequent urination, blurry vision, Numbness, Sores that don't heal, Fatigues easily, confusion, breath that smells like fruit, Increased apppetite w/ weight loss
What are sugar and honey considered
Emply calories
Glucagon
Hormone that helps regulate blood glucose levels
Insulin
Hormone that helps regulate blood glucose levels
Galactose
Monosaccharide that is a component of lactose
____is the hormone that enable glucose to enter cells.
Insulin
What effects do insulin and glucagon have on blood glucose levels?
Insulin helps regulate blood glucose levels because the hormone enables glucose to enter most cells. The hormone enhances energy storage by promoting fat, glycogen, and protein production. Glucagon opposes insulin's effects by promoting the breakdown of glycagon. This process releases glucose into the bloodstream and as a result boosts the blood sugar level back to normal.
Disaccharide
Simple sugar comprised of two monosaccharides
Monosaccharide
Simple sugar that is the basic molecule of carbohydrates
What is the difference between viscous and fermentation-resistant forms of dietary fiber?
Soluble fiber is viscous fiber, usually forms a semisolid mass in the intestinal tract that is rapidly fermented by bacterial action. Insoluble or fermentation-resistant fiber does not breakdown completely-helps with softer, easier bowel movements.
Identify at least two food sources of soluble and insoluble fiber.
Soluble fiber: oatmeal, apples Insoluble fiber: whole-grain products such as: brown rice
What is starch? What is glycogen?
Starch and glycogen are both storage forms of polysaccharides, but starch is in plant foods and glycogen is primarily in liver and muscle tissue
Glycogen
Storage polysaccharide in animals
Starch
Storage polysaccharide in plants
Name a disaccharide
Sucrose
Parents of a child with PKU can give their child either a beverage sweetened with sucralose or one containing aspartame. Which drink should they choose?
The parents should give their child the beverage sweetend with sucralose because the sweetener does not provide phenylalanine.
What is the major function of carbohydrates in the body?
To provide a source of energy
Eating a high-fiber diet can improve the functioning of your large intestine and reduce your blood cholesterol levels.
True
What following sign is associated with metabolic syndrome?
hugh fastubg blood glucose
Lactose Intolerance
inability to digest lactose properly
Maltose
Disacchride comprised of two glucose molecules, "malt sugar"
Compared to table sugar, honey is a natural and far more nutritious sweetner.
False
Ounce per ounce, sugar provides more energy than starch.
False
The average American consumes 80% of his or her energy intake as refined sugars.
False
The results of clinical studies indicates that eating too much sugar makes children hyperactive.
False
Lipolysis
Fat breakdown
Soluble Fiber
Forms of dietary fiber that dissolve or swell in water
Insoluble Fiber
Forms of dietary fiber that generally does not dissolve in water
What is the substance that is an enzyme that breaks down lactose?
Lactase
What is lactose intolerance?
Lactose intolerance is a condition characterized by the inability to digest lactose completely.
Identify at least three signs of metabolic syndrome.
Large waist circumference, High fasting blood glucose, chronically elevated blood pressure
Which monosaccharides comprise each molecule of maltose, lactose, and sucrose?
Maltose is comprised of two glucose molecules; glucose and galactose comprise lactose; and glucose and fructose comprise sucrose.
Fructose
Monosaccharide in fruits, honey, and certain vegetables; "levulose" or "fruit sugar"
Glucose
Monosaccharides that is primary fuel for muscles and other cells, "dextrose" or "blood sugar"
What is dietary fiber?
Most forms of dietary fiber are indigestible carbohydrates.
What is the primary source of added sugars in the typical American diet?
Regular soft drinks
What food is the best source of soluble fiber?
Whole-grain oat cereal
Sugar contributes to
browning of baked cereal products, food perservation and a food's energy value.
Carbohydrates
class of nutrients that is a major source of energy for the body
Insoluble fiber
is in whole-grain products, including brown rice.
Dietary fiber
is not digested by the human intestinal tract.
Monosaccharide
mono=one; saccharide=sugar glucose, fructose, galactose
Type 2 diabetes is
often associated with excess body weight.
