Hun1201 - Chapter 5

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According to the Nutrition Facts panel, a serving of ready-to-eat cereal contains 44g of total carbohydrates, 5 g of dietary fiber, and 10 g of sugars. Estimate the grams of starch in the serving of the cereal.

44g-15g=29grams

What is a ketone body?

A ketone body is a chemical that results from the imcomplete breakdown of fat.

What is the difference between a nutritive sweetener and a nonnutritive sweetener?

A nutritive sweetener provides energy, whereas a nonnutritive sweetener does not provide energy in the amounts typically used to sweeten foods.

How can a person easily determine the carbohydrate and fiber content in a serving of a packaged food?

A person can read the Nutrition facts panel to determine the carbohydrate and fiber content in a serving of food.

Instead of drinking orange juice, should you choose a beverage called "Orange-Ade"?

Fruit juice is a better choice-it's a natural product that contains nutrients and phytochemicals in fruit. "Orange-Ade" is not nutritionally equivalent-maybe on 10% fruit juice.

_____ is a primary fuel for muscles and other cells

Glucose

What are the chemical names for blood sugar, table sugar, milk sugar and malt sugar?

Glucose is blood sugar, Sucrose is table sugar, Lactose is milk sugar, and Maltose is malt sugar.

Chemical names for Carbohydrates are:

Glucose, fructose and sucrose

Identify the three most important dietary monosaccharides.

Glucose, fructose, and galactose

List at least three ways to increase dietary fiber intake.

Increase one's intake of plant foods, whole-grain breads and cereals,

Dietary Fiber (Fiber)

Indigestible plant material; most types are polysaccharides

Disaccharide

di=two; is a sugar comprosed of two monosaccharides maltose (malt sugar), sucrose (table sugar), Lactose (milk sugar)

What substance is a polysaccharide?

Glycogen

Glycogenolysis

Glycogen breakdown

____ are the primary source of added sugars in the typical American diet.

Regular soft drinks

Ketone bodies

chemicals that result from incomplete fat breakdown

Sucrose

Disaccharide comprised of a glucose and a fructose molecule; "table sugar"

Lactose

Disaccharide comprised of a glucose and a galactose molecule, "milk sugar"

Name the condition that is clearly associated with eating dietary carbohydrates, especially sticky sugars?

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Erika wants to prevent the development of type 2 diabetes. What health-related lifestyle practices can she follow to reduce her risk of this serious metabolic disease?

Avoid being overweight, be physically active, and eat a "prudent" diet.

Under what conditions does the body form excessive ketone bodies?

Cells form ketone bodies when they use greater-than-normal amounts of fat for energy. Under these conditions, there is not enough glucose available for cells to metabolize the fat efficiently, and excessive ketone bodies form as a result.

Complex Carbohydrates (polysaccharides)

Compounds comprised of 10 or more monosaccharides bonded together

Name a food that has a high glycemic index?

Cornflakes cereal

Discuss the health benefits of including soluble and insoluble fiber in diets.

Eating soluble fiber can reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease by reducing blood cholesterol levels. The insoluble fiber in food attracts water and swells in the digestive tract, forming a large soft mass that applies pressure to the inner muscular walls of the large intestine, allowing muscles to push residue quickly through the tract. Resulting in less strain when having bowel movements.

What are the signs and symptoms of type 1 and type 2 diabetes?

Elevated blood glucose levels, Excessive thirst, Frequent urination, blurry vision, Numbness, Sores that don't heal, Fatigues easily, confusion, breath that smells like fruit, Increased apppetite w/ weight loss

What are sugar and honey considered

Emply calories

Glucagon

Hormone that helps regulate blood glucose levels

Insulin

Hormone that helps regulate blood glucose levels

Galactose

Monosaccharide that is a component of lactose

____is the hormone that enable glucose to enter cells.

Insulin

What effects do insulin and glucagon have on blood glucose levels?

Insulin helps regulate blood glucose levels because the hormone enables glucose to enter most cells. The hormone enhances energy storage by promoting fat, glycogen, and protein production. Glucagon opposes insulin's effects by promoting the breakdown of glycagon. This process releases glucose into the bloodstream and as a result boosts the blood sugar level back to normal.

Disaccharide

Simple sugar comprised of two monosaccharides

Monosaccharide

Simple sugar that is the basic molecule of carbohydrates

What is the difference between viscous and fermentation-resistant forms of dietary fiber?

Soluble fiber is viscous fiber, usually forms a semisolid mass in the intestinal tract that is rapidly fermented by bacterial action. Insoluble or fermentation-resistant fiber does not breakdown completely-helps with softer, easier bowel movements.

Identify at least two food sources of soluble and insoluble fiber.

Soluble fiber: oatmeal, apples Insoluble fiber: whole-grain products such as: brown rice

What is starch? What is glycogen?

Starch and glycogen are both storage forms of polysaccharides, but starch is in plant foods and glycogen is primarily in liver and muscle tissue

Glycogen

Storage polysaccharide in animals

Starch

Storage polysaccharide in plants

Name a disaccharide

Sucrose

Parents of a child with PKU can give their child either a beverage sweetened with sucralose or one containing aspartame. Which drink should they choose?

The parents should give their child the beverage sweetend with sucralose because the sweetener does not provide phenylalanine.

What is the major function of carbohydrates in the body?

To provide a source of energy

Eating a high-fiber diet can improve the functioning of your large intestine and reduce your blood cholesterol levels.

True

What following sign is associated with metabolic syndrome?

hugh fastubg blood glucose

Lactose Intolerance

inability to digest lactose properly

Maltose

Disacchride comprised of two glucose molecules, "malt sugar"

Compared to table sugar, honey is a natural and far more nutritious sweetner.

False

Ounce per ounce, sugar provides more energy than starch.

False

The average American consumes 80% of his or her energy intake as refined sugars.

False

The results of clinical studies indicates that eating too much sugar makes children hyperactive.

False

Lipolysis

Fat breakdown

Soluble Fiber

Forms of dietary fiber that dissolve or swell in water

Insoluble Fiber

Forms of dietary fiber that generally does not dissolve in water

What is the substance that is an enzyme that breaks down lactose?

Lactase

What is lactose intolerance?

Lactose intolerance is a condition characterized by the inability to digest lactose completely.

Identify at least three signs of metabolic syndrome.

Large waist circumference, High fasting blood glucose, chronically elevated blood pressure

Which monosaccharides comprise each molecule of maltose, lactose, and sucrose?

Maltose is comprised of two glucose molecules; glucose and galactose comprise lactose; and glucose and fructose comprise sucrose.

Fructose

Monosaccharide in fruits, honey, and certain vegetables; "levulose" or "fruit sugar"

Glucose

Monosaccharides that is primary fuel for muscles and other cells, "dextrose" or "blood sugar"

What is dietary fiber?

Most forms of dietary fiber are indigestible carbohydrates.

What is the primary source of added sugars in the typical American diet?

Regular soft drinks

What food is the best source of soluble fiber?

Whole-grain oat cereal

Sugar contributes to

browning of baked cereal products, food perservation and a food's energy value.

Carbohydrates

class of nutrients that is a major source of energy for the body

Insoluble fiber

is in whole-grain products, including brown rice.

Dietary fiber

is not digested by the human intestinal tract.

Monosaccharide

mono=one; saccharide=sugar glucose, fructose, galactose

Type 2 diabetes is

often associated with excess body weight.


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