HUSH chapter 17

The process of making steel developed by Henry Bessemer

involved blowing air through to remove impurities. Adding ingredients to molten iron developed by William Kelly

In the American business community at the end of the nineteenth century

one percent of all corporations controlled one third of all manufacturing

Until its repeal in 1885, the Labor Contract Law

put many new immigrants in debt to American businessmen

In the early twentieth century, a principal goal of "Taylorism" was to

reorganize industrial production by dividing it up into smaller, simple tasks

The Haymarket Square riot of 1886

resulted in the conviction and execution of several anarchists / death of the Knights

During the late nineteenth century, the growth of large corporations was helped by

sales of company stock to the public

In the late nineteenth century, due to the growth of industrial capitalism, American workers

saw a rise in the standard of living, lost control over their work, and were forced to contend with dangerous working conditions

In 1917, automobile production in the United States

saw nearly 5 million cars on American roads

In the late nineteenth century, industry in the United States

saw the government eager to assist in growth

Prior to the Civil War, the steel industry in the United States

saw very little development

In the late nineteenth century, the writer Henry George argued in favor of a

single land tax to replace all other taxes

During the 1870s and 1880s, most of the immigrants to the United States came from

Britain and northern Europe

In the late nineteenth century, the first and most important promoter of Social Darwinism was

Herbert Spencer

At its height in 1886, the Knights of Labor were led by

Terrance V Powderly

In what industry did the Homestead strike of 1892 occur?

The steel industry

One key to Henry Ford's success in the mass production of automobiles was

$290

By 1900, the average yearly income of American workers was

$400-$500, whereas $600 was the minimum to live semi comfortably

Which of the following events did NOT occur during the Homestead strike of 1892?

Amalgamated trade union did not win the strike

Samuel Gompers was the leader of the

American Federation of Labor

In the 1870s, the "internal combustion engine" was developed in

Europe

Which of the following statements about the American railroad industry in the late nineteenth century is FALSE?

It saw congress outlaw railroad combinations

Who among the following was NOT significantly associated with the steel industry?

James J. Hill

Who among the following began to develop an oil empire by taking control of competing oil companies in Ohio?

John D. Rockefeller

The first significant oil production in the United States occurred in

Pennsylvania

In the United States, the steel industry first emerged in

Pennsylvania and Ohio

Eugene V. Debs played a leading role in what labor event?

Pullman Strike

One key to Henry Ford's success in the mass production of automobiles was

The assembly line

The Knights of Labor

began as a secret fraternal organization.

n the late nineteenth century, most American business millionaires

began their careers in positions of wealth and privilege

The late-nineteenth-century sociologist Lester Frank Ward

believed that human intelligence not natural selection shaped society

The Pullman strike of 1894

caused the president to order federal troops to break up the strike

The Pullman strike of 1894 began when George Pullman, owner of the company

cut wages by 25%

To John D. Rockefeller, the great "curse" of business in the late nineteenth century was

cutthroat competition

In his books, Horatio Alger

emphasized the value of personal character in business.

In the late nineteenth century, organized labor failed to make great gains for all of the following reasons EXCEPT

federal and state laws to protect workers, which didn't exist

In the late nineteenth century, Daniel De Leon

founded the socialist labor party in the United States

Edward Bellamy's 1888 book, Looking Backward,

imagined an ideal future where all corporations were united into one trust

During the late nineteenth century, child labor in the United States

increased significantly

The Molly Maguires were a militant

labor union in the coal industry

In 1900, regarding work conditions in American factories,

laborers could expect to work at least 60 hours a week

In 1900, the emergence of research laboratories in American corporations

led to the diversification of research interests

The open-hearth process of making steel

made the production of large dimension pieces possible. Hewitt invented

The Pennsylvania Railroad was created by

the Pennsylvania steel company

In the late nineteenth century, the needs of the American steel industry directly contributed to the further development of all of the following EXCEPT

the automobile industry

According to the ideas expressed by Andrew Carnegie in his The Gospel of Wealth,

the rich had great responsibilities to society

In the late nineteenth century, Social Darwinists argued that people who failed economically in the United States did so because

they were not fit to survive in the market

Orville and Wilbur Wright's first successful airplane flight in 1903

took place near Kitty Hawk, North Carolina

The business structure of Standard Oil is a good example of

vertical and horizontal integration

The business structure of Carnegie Steel was a good example of

vertical integration

The great railroad strike of 1877

was launched in response to a wage cut.

The theory of Social Darwinism

was used to justify the consequences of social Darwinism

During the late nineteenth century, anarchists in the United States

were relatively peaceful, were linked to terrorism in the public eye as well as labor unions