HW Chapter 4 : Biology

1 meter = _____ centimeters.

100

_____ aid in the coordination of the activities of adjacent animal cells.

Gap (communicating) junctions

One function of the central vacuole in plant cells is facilitating cell growth: the central vacuole absorbs water and increases in size, expanding the volume and size of the plant cell while doing so. Animal cells, however, do not grow by this method. What is an essential difference between animal and plant cells that could explain how a plant cell can withstand this expansion of the central vacuole?

The plant cell wall provides a more rigid structure.

What carries instructions for making proteins from the nucleus into the cytoplasm?

mRNA

Where is a bacterial cell's DNA found?

nucleoid region

The _____ is the bacterial structure that acts as a selective barrier, allowing nutrients to enter the cell and wastes to leave the cell.

plasma membrane

You would expect a cell with an extensive Golgi apparatus to __________.

secrete a lot of material

Nucleolus

the round body that sits inside the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell and makes ribosomal subunits from proteins and ribosomal RNA

Nucleus

stores the genetic information of the cell

A 100 mm x 100 mm x 100 mm cell has a surface area that is _____ and a volume that is _____. When this volume is broken into many smaller cells, that are 10 mm x 10 mm x 10 mm, the sum of the surface areas of the smaller cells is _____ than the surface area of the initial cell.

60,000 mm2 ... 1,000,000 mm3 ... larger

Mitochondria are found in _____.

both plant cells and animal cells

__________ is the most prevalent glycoprotein in the extracellular matrix

collagen

Lysosomes are derived from __________ and function in __________.

the Golgi apparatus and rough endoplasmic reticulum ... digestion of worn-out organelles

Which of the following describes the function of the chloroplast?

the chloroplast converts light energy to chemical energy

Which of these cell junctions form a barrier to the passage of materials?

tight junctions

Can you match the characteristics with the correct organelle?

Chloroplast: organelle of photosynthesis, found only in plant cells and some algae, converts solar energy to chemical energy, produces O2 as a waste product, contains thylakoids Mitochondria: harvest chemical energy from food, found in both animal cells and plant cells, produces CO2 as a waste product, organelle of cellular respiration

What do the rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and lysosomes have in common?

They are constructed of interrelated membranes.

Nuclear pore

a protein-lined channel in the nuclear envelope that regulates the transportation of molecules between the nucleus and the cytoplasm

Chromosomes

are tightly coiled bundles of DNA and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells

Lysosome

breaks down macromolecules using digestive enzymes

What name is given to the rigid structure, found outside the plasma membrane, that surrounds and supports the bacterial cell?

cell wall

_____ are found only in plant cells, but _____ are found in both plant and animal cells

central vacuole, ribosomes

Mitochondrion

converts chemical fuel into packets of chemical energy that can power the cell

The structural framework in a cell is the

cytoskeleton

The primary role of _____ is to bind animal cells together.

desmosomes

Which technique allowed scientists to figure out that all cells, and not just muscle cells, contained actin filaments?

electron microscopy

_____ are surface appendages that allow a bacterium to stick to a surface.

fimbriae

Lysosome

found in animal cells but not most plant cells

Nucleus

found in both plant and animal cells

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

found in both plant and animal cells

Cell Wall

found in plant cells but not animal cells

Chloroplast

found in plant cells but not animal cells

Which of the following is part of the endomembrane system?

golgi apparatus

What changes would you expect to see in the liver cells of someone suffering from chronic alcoholism?

increased levels of endoplasmic reticulum activity

The plant cell wall

is a protective structure made of cellulose fibrils.

Nucleus

is the most prominent membrane-bound organelle in eukaryotic cells, and it houses most of a cells DNA.

DNA

is the self replicating material present in nearly all living organisms; it is the main constituent of chromosomes and the carrier of generic information

Nuclear envelope

is the two-layered membrane that encases the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell separating the nucleus from the cytoplasm

RNA

is used in all steps of protein synthesis and carries the genetic information of many viruses.

Which of the following breaks down worn-out organelles?

lysosomes

Mitochondria appear in the greatest numbers in cells that are _____.

metabolically active

The cilia and flagella of eukaryotic cells are composed of _____.

microtubules

When elongated, tube-shaped cells from the lining of the intestine are treated with a certain chemical, the cells sag and become rounded. The internal structures disrupted by this chemical are probably __________.

microtubules

Where in a cell is ATP made?

mitochondria

Which plant cell organelle converts chemical fuel into packets of chemical energy that can power the cell?

mitochondrion

Where is the genetic information of the cell stored?

nucleus

Digestive cells produce many enzymes that break down ingested food. These cells have a large number of ribosomes _____.

on the rough endoplasmic reticulum

Flagella and cilia are both composed of tubulin subunits. Despite this similarity, key differences exist between these two structures. For example, __________.

only cilia move as a coordinated team

What structure acts as a selective barrier, regulating the traffic of materials into and out of the cell?

plasma membrane

In plants, _____ are the cell junctions that allow the free exchange of small molecules that assist in communication. In animal cells, similar cell junctions are known as _____.

plasmodesmata; gap junctions

In a bacterium, where are proteins synthesized?

ribosomes

One of the ways smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER) differs from rough endoplasmic reticulum is that rough ER is covered by

ribosomes

Pancreatic cells produce large amounts of protein. About how many ribosomes would you expect there to be in a pancreatic cell?

several million

Smooth ER

site of lipid synthesis

Where are lipids made in the cell?

smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

Which of the following us a function of the central vacuole?

storing compounds produced by the cell

Which of the following clues would tell you whether a cell is prokaryotic or eukaryotic?

whether or not the cell is partitioned into compartments by internal membranes

Ribosome

works with mRNA to synthesize the protein

Of the following organelles, which group is involved in manufacturing the substances needed by the cell?

ribosome, rough endoplasmic reticulum, smooth endoplasmic reticulum

What is the function of a bacterium's capsule?

protection