I need to finish and rename this set

how many pairs of ribs

12

ribs that can move simultaneously about two axes

2-7

the diahpragm is responsible for approximately how much of the change in thoracic volume?

75%

parallel to the midaxillary line

anterior/posterior axillary line

ribs 11-12 are pulled upward and outward. what it this motion called?

caliper

the product of the tension developed by the respiratory muscles

changes in thoracic cavity dimension during breathing

supports and stabilizes the shoulder joint through a flexible attachment to the manubrium of the sternum

clavicle

what is each pectoral girdle formed by

clavicle and scapula

allows the rib cage to ben and permits the thorax to increase and decrease in size

costal cartilage

how are ribs 8-10 attached to the sternum?

a common cartilaginous strap

what is below each rib within the intercostal muscles?

a vein, artery, and nerve

how does pressure increase in the abdominal cavity during forced exhalation?

abdominal wall muscles compress

primary function of the respiratory system

absorb o2 and excrete co2

limited, short-term ventilation is possible using what

accessory muscles

muscles that compress the thoracic cavity and facilitate exhalation

accessory muscles

assist the diaphragm and intercostal muscles when ventilatory demand increases

accessory muscles of ventilation

muslces that are slightly active during quiet breathing and more active with forceful breathing

accessory muscles of ventilation

thoracic shape and dimension vary from individual to individual. what are they linked to?

age, gender, and race

cartilaginous joint on the lateral edges of the manubrium and sternal body that forms the attachment between the ribs and sternum

costal cartilage

primary muscles of ventilation

diahragm and intercostal muscles

when the ribs move, what happens with the thoracic cavity?

diameter is increased

when ribs 8-10 rotate, elevation of the anterior ends of the ribs produces a small backward movement of the lower sternum. what does this cause?

diameter reduction

a thin, musculotendious, dome-shaped structure that separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities

diaphragm

aids in generating high intraabdominal pressures by remaining fixed while the abdominal muscles contract

diaphragm

highly aerobic and fatigue-resistant muscle more capable of long-term rhythmic contraction

diaphragm

primary ventilatory muscle not essential for survival

diaphragm

spinal cord injuries at or above the level of the third cercical vertebrae result in what

diaphragmatic paralysis

where does the highest portion of the right dome of the diaphragm sit posteriorly?

eighth or ninth thoractic vertebra

what kind of tissues form the thoracic cavity?

eipthelial, connective, and muslce

when diaphragmatic tension decreases and the diaphragm returns to its relaxed position, what results?

exhalation

why doesn't the diaphragm actively participate in exhalation

exhalation is passive

originate on the upper ribs and attach to the lower ribs

external intercostal muscles

outermost layer of abdominal wall muscle and lies over the lateral aspects of the abdominal cavity

external obliques

exchange of o2 and co2 exchange between the gas of the atmosphere and blood

external respiration

what is included in the abdominal muscles?

external/internal obliques, transverse abdominis, and rectus abdominis muscles

ribs 8-12

false ribs

where does the highest portion of the right dome of the diaphragm sit anteriorly?

fifth rib

rib that raises and lowers the sternum

first

ribs 11-12

floating ribs

the accessory muscles of exhalation become active during _______________.

forceful breathing

when lying down in a supine position, the weight of the abdominal contents ___________________________ into the thoracic cavity.

forces the diaphragm farther up

when external intercostal muscles generate tension, ribs lift upward and cause the thoracic cavity to enlarge the thorax. what is this called?

hamberger mechanism

what causes the diaphragm to flatten out?

increased lung volume

where do the ribs lie?

inner portion of the thoracic wall

the outer covering of the thorax is formed by the ______________.

integumentary system

muscles that lie between the ribs and hold them together

intercostal muscles

muscles that lie between the ribs and just behind the external intercostal muscles

internal intercostal muscles

lie just underneath the the external obliques and originate on the lumbar vertebrae, iliac crest, and inuinal ligaments, and insert nto the pubis and costal region of the lower ribs

internal obliques

exchange of gases between blood and tissues

internal respiration

prallel to the midspinal line

left/right midscapular lines

what does the thoracic cavity house?

lungs, heart, and contents of mediastinum

broad, fan shaped muscles of the upper anterior chest

major/minor pectoralis muscles

three bones that make up the sternum

manubrium, body/gladiolus, xiphoid process

divides the lateral chest into equal halves

midaxillary line

the left and right _______________ are parallel to the midsternal lines.

midclavicular lines

divides the posterior chest into two equal halves

midspinal line

on the anterior chest, this line divides the thorax into equal halves

midsternal

locations of accessory muscles of inspiration

neck, chest, and upper back

why are they called false ribs?

neither directly nor indirectly attached to the sternum

where does the highest portion of the left dome of the diaphragm sit posteriorly?

ninth or tenth thoracic vertebra

what can affect diaphragm function?

non/pulmonary diseases

inner layer of the thoracic wall is lined with what

parietal pleura

originates on the humerus and inserts onto the clavicle and sternum

pectoralis major

normally function to adduct the arms in a hugging motion

pectoralis minor

originates from the anterior region of the ribs 3-5 and inserts onto the scapula

pectoralis minor

a thin fluid-filled space formed between the parietal and visceral pleural membranes

pleural space

how does the diaphragm rise during inspiration if paralyzed?

pressures above and below diaphragm

two motions the ribs move in

pump/bucket handle

a pair of musclular bands that run vertically on the anterior surface of the abdomen

rectus abdominis

least active muscles of the abdominal muscle group

rectus abdominis

muscular bands that arise from the pubis, travel upward over the abdominal cavity, and insert into the costal region of ribs 5-7 and the xiphoid process of the sternum

rectus abdominis

predominant accessory muscles

scalene, sternocleidomastoid, pectoral, and abdominal wall muscles

three pairs of scalene muscles

scalenus anterior, scalenus medius, and scalenus posterior

forms the socket for the shoulder joint and is stabilized or moved by skeletal muscles of the upper back

scapula

where does the highest portion of the left dome of the diaphragm sit anteriorly?

sixth rib

tissue that forms the various muscles of the chest and back and lies over and between the ribs

skeletal muscle

external marker of the point where the trachea divides into the left and right main stem bronchi

sternal angle/angle of louis

fused connection between the manubrium and the gladiolus

sternal angle/angle of louis

this muscle flexes and rotates the head and is acitve during shoulder shrugging

sternocleidomastoid muscle

originates from the manubrium and clavicle and inserts on the mastoid process of the temporal bone

sternocleidomastoid muscles

long, vertical flast bone found on the anterior side of the thoracic cavity

sternum

bony parts of the rib cage

sternum, ribs, thoracic vertebral bones, scapula, and clavicle

a shallow depression on the superior edge of the manubrium

suprasternal notch (jugular notch)

movements of the hemidiaphragms are ________________.

synchronous

why is the right hemidiaphragm 1 cm higher than the left?

the liver

what is the respiratory system regulated by?

the nervous system

why are they called true ribs?

they are attached directly to the sternum

why are they called floating ribs

they are not attached to the sternum

cone-shaped cavity that houses the lungs, heart, and the contents of the mediastinum

thoracic cavity

the first ribs and the upper sternum form the opening into the thorax called the what

thoracic inlet/operculum

what is the thoracic cavity formed by?

tissues of the chest, upper back, and diaphragm

lie below the internal oblique muslces

transverse abdominis

most active muscle of the abdominal muscle group

transverse abdominis

flat, triangular muscles located on the upper back and neck

trapezius muscles

muscles that rotate the scapulae, lift the shoulders, and flex the head up and back

trapezius muscles

ribs 1-7

true ribs

what is included in the respiratory system

upper/lower airways, chest wall, respiratory muscles, pulmonary blood vessels, support nerves, and lymphatics

abdominal wall muscles contract--> abdominal cavity compresses--> diaphragm is forced ______________--> thoracic cavity is _________________

upward; compressed

serous membrane that covers the lungs

visceral pleura

what does the thoracic cavity protect?

vital organs