IB Sports Exercise Health Science: Unit 1

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lateral

to the side

joint

two or more bones come in contact with eachother

medial

twords middle

superior

above

gliding joint

allows one bone to slide over another; found in wrist and ankles

synovial joint

freely movable joint

anterior

front

distal

further away from joint

cardiac muscles

heart muscles; involuntary

slow twitch (type I)

high mitochondria slow sugar red/blood>>oxygen

smooth muscel

internal organs; involuntary

cartilaginous joints

limited movement

striation

lines/zebra stripes

fast twitch (type IIB)

low mitochondria high sugar white/sugar

Larissimus Dorsi

mid-back muscles

long bone

most common bone; made of mostly compact bone; cylindrical in shape (tibia, fibula, femur, and humerus)

function of appendicular skeleton

movement

insertion

moves

hinge joint (synovial)

moves in one direction (elbows and knees)

isometric

muscle contracting but no movement (holding a bicep curl)

Isokinetic

muscle contracting with constant speed

eccentric

muscle lengthening

concentric

muscle shortening

tendon

muscle to bone

erector spinae

muscles around spine

fibrous joints

no movement

orgin

stays still

skeletal muscle

striated and voluntary

external

superficial; on surface

function of vertebral column

support head, protects spinal cord and transmits weight from body to legs

ball and socket joint (synovial)

supumduction; shoulder and hip

condyloid joint

synovial joint that does everything except rotating

saddle joint (synovial)

thumb joint

to articulate

to form a joint

thoracic- 2

12 bones

coccyx- 5

4 bones

lumbar- 3

5 bones

sacral- 4

5 bones

cervical- 1

7 bones

posterior

back

trapezius

back muscles

inferior

below

ligaments

bone to bone

Gastrocnemius

calf muscle

proximal

closer to joint

internal

deep; within body

satorius

outer hip to inner knee muscle

function of the axial skeleton

protection and support

pivot joint (synovial)

radioulnar joint

deltiod

shoulder muscle


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