ILTS 305 Set 2

A third-grade teacher has placed everyday objects such as pencils, small blocks, erasers, and toy cars into small boxes. The boxes contain a single object and have been sealed with tape. Students are instructed to interact with their box without opening it and then make a claim about its contents. Which of the following changes to this activity would most effectively strengthen students' scientific thinking and reasoning skills? a. having students prepare boxes of their own to give to classmates to investigate b. requiring students to use a laboratory notebook to record the name of the object they think is in their box c. having students identify observations from their investigation of the box that supports their claim d. requiring students to investigate multiple boxes before making a claim about a box's contents

c. having students identify observations from their investigation of the box that supports their claim

A second-grade teacher is planning to read aloud a narrative text to students. Which of the following approaches to conducting the read-aloud would best strengthen students' oral language development, thereby promoting the developmental process of reading acquisition? a. asking students to select three unfamiliar words they hear as they listen to the story and use them in oral sentences b. having students use think-pair-share to orally answer a question related to the story's main idea c. having students take turns rereading the story aloud after the teacher has modeled reading it expressively d. asking students to write a short response to a question about the story's main idea and share it aloud

c. having students take turns rereading the story aloud after the teacher has modeled reading it expressively

An individual decides to develop a personal budget. After determining monthly income from all sources, the individual's next step in the budget development process should be to: a. establish priorities for nonessential purchases (moves, eating out) b. calculate current credit card debt c. identify fixed monthly expenses (rent, automobile payments) d. define a monthly goal for saving

c. identify fixed monthly expenses (rent, automobile payments)

A sixth-grade teacher asks students to prepare a written response to the prompt below. Develop an argument for or against requiring school buses to be equipped with seat belts. In the argument, you must clearly state your claim and provide at least three pieces of evidence to support your claim, including one from a credible source. Conclude with a summary of your claim and a call to action. To guide students in planning their response, the teacher asks them to read the prompt carefully, highlight the main verbs, and underline the specific components they should include in their argument. To further promote students' ability to write an effective response, which of the following tasks should the teacher ask students to complete next? a. outlining points to include in their argument b. drafting a strong position statement c. identifying an audience for their argument d. finding credible sources of evidence

c. identifying an audience for their argument

Over the elementary school years, physical coordination and balance improve and students become more proficient at catching, throwing, kicking, and striking. In addition to practice, which of the following developments exerts the most significant influence on these motor abilities? a. a widening of the body's base of support b. achievement of maximum growth of the long bones c. maturation of the body's nervous system d. an upward shift in the body's center of gravity

c. maturation of the body's nervous system

A sixth-grade teacher is planning to show students several video clips of inaugural addresses delivered by past U.S. presidents. The teacher wants to promote students' active listening skills, as well as facilitating students' ability to understand the video clips. Which of the following strategies would be most effective for the teacher to use for this purpose? a. introducing the video clips with an overview of the history and purpose of presidential inaugural addresses b. providing for students a reference list of unfamiliar words from the speeches, along with their definitions c. pausing the video clips at predetermined intervals for students to talk to a partner about what they heard d. having students take notes while viewing the video clips and then summarize in writing what they learned

c. pausing the video clips at predetermined intervals for students to talk to a partner about what they heard

Students are investigating how water affects plant growth. Each student has a total of five bean seedlings. They are planted in five separate containers which are placed on a bookshelf beneath a large window. Plants will be watered every Mon, Wed, and Fri during a 2-week period. During each watering, plant 1 will get 0.5mL of water, plant 2 will get 1.0mL, plant 3 will get 1.5mL, plant 4 will get 2.0mL, and plant 5 will get none. At the end of the 2 week period, the amount of plant growth will be determined by subtracting the initial height of the plant from the final height. Students will present results of their investigation in a line graph that has the dependent variable plotted on the y-axis. Which of the following variables should be plotted on the y-axis? a. volume of water b. mass of each container c. plant height d. dates of watering

c. plant height

The English Renaissance is a time period most known for its: a. operas b. comedians c. playwrights d. classical musicians

c. playwrights

The system of checks and balances as described in Articles I, II, and III of the U.S. Constitution was developed as a means to: a. limit the federal government's ability to impose its will on the states b. ensure all individuals and groups equal protection of the laws c. prevent political power from consolidating in any one branch of government d. clarify the relationship between majority rule and individual rights

c. prevent political power from consolidating in any one branch of government

A theory of the late 19th century that strongly opposed governmental interference in economic affairs was known as which of the following? a. popularism b. utopian socialism c. progressivism d. social darwinism

c. progressivism

A fifth-grade teacher regularly uses drama activities to teach social studies content. In one activity, the students portray delegates to the Constitutional Convention and debate different ways of structuring the government. This approach is most effective for accomplishing which of the following goals? a. illustrating the differences between the politics of different eras b. reinforcing the chronology of important events in US History c. promoting an understanding of the actions of historical figures d. emphasizing the duty of citizens to voice opinions to their representatives

c. promoting an understanding of the actions of historical figures

Fourth-grade students are using cardboard boxes, aluminum foil, paper, and cotton balls to create containers that will slow the rate at which an ice cube melts. Students are asked to write up a simple report about their experiment, including the procedure they used and their results. Several students in the class have learning challenges related to the sequential ordering of processes and ideas. Which of the following strategies could the teacher employ to best support all students in completing the assignment? a. requiring students to record observations in their class notebooks b. asking students to summarize the investigation orally rather than in writing c. providing students with a graphic organizer designed for this activity d. having students partner with a classmate during the investigation

c. providing students with a graphic organizer designed for this activity

California experienced a significant drought from 2012-2015. Many almond farmers began planting crops that required less water to grow. This action is an example of: A. adapting to environmental changes. B. settlement patterns impacting the environment. C. market pressures on farming. D. the benefits of reliance on renewable resources.

A. adapting to environmental changes.

A third-grade teacher reads the following passage from a story: "As Jimmy was brushing his teeth before going to bed, he heard a terrible roar come from the garage. Jimmy didn't know what could be making that terrible noise, but he left a light on in the closet while he slept that night." The teacher then asks students questions about their thoughts on the events of the passage and what might be happening. Which of the following would this activity best promote? A. predicting B. schema development C. fact and opinion D. mapping

A. predicting

When deciding to house a live animal in the classroom, the risk of a potential health hazard to the student or animal must be weighed against the educational value added. What guidelines must first be considered to address this potential hazard, prior to making a choice of getting the animal for the classroom? A. the children that might be affected by allergic symptoms B. plans for food, housing and comfort of the animal C. procedures for caring for the animal during weekends and holidays D. standards for keeping the conditions sanitary and odor free

A. the children that might be affected by allergic symptoms

The tilt of the Earth causes A. the seasons. B. gravitational attraction. C. magnetic fields. D. the tides.

A. the seasons.

Which of the following is the best example of expository writing? A. poetry B. a novel C. a creative writing essay D. a research report

D. a research report Expository writing is writing in which the author's purpose is to inform or explain the subject to the reader.

A patient is experiencing the following symptoms: excessive urination, increased thirst, fatigue, blurred vision, headaches and sudden weight loss. Which of the following health conditions might he have? a. sickle cell anemia B. Crohn's disease C. epilepsy D. diabetes

D. diabetes

Lisa is struggling to comprehend grade-level texts during independent reading and her oral reading is jerky and irregular. Mr. Harris wants to improve Lisa's reading comprehension. Which of the following instructional strategies should Mr. Harris focus on? A. alphabetic awareness B. vocabulary development C. phonemic awareness D. sight-word automaticity

D. sight-word automaticity

A sixth-grade teacher wants to promote students' ability to use writing to develop and express their understanding of content-area concepts and skills. Which of the following strategies should the teacher use first for this purpose? a. having students regularly perform quick writes in response to content-area learning activities and discuss their writing with a partner b. providing for student reference examples of text types that question, critique, and analyze content-area concepts c. assigning to students independent research projects for which they can choose a focus from recent content-area topics of study d. assigning students to write and present orally a response paper at the conclusion of units of study in content areas

a. having students regularly perform quick writes in response to content-area learning activities and discuss their writing with a partner

In a democratic system, active participation by informed citizens is generally most effective in helping achieve which of the following goals? a. holding elected representatives accountable to their constituents b. developing a comprehensive policy proposal for party platforms c. facilitating consensus building among politically diverse groups d. minimizing the effects of social and economic inequalities

a. holding elected representatives accountable to their constituents

Activity in which of the following areas contributes most to the Illinois economy? a. manufacturing b. tourism c. energy d. agriculture

a. manufacturing

The formal name of the United States of America denotes which type of region? a. political b. climate c. religious d. language

a. political The name of the United States of America denotes a political region that is under the governing of the United States government. Within the United States of America there are many languages, religions, and climates.

During a nutrition lesson, students work individually planning family lunch menus. One student's menu is shown below. -ground turkey, cheese, and onion in flour tortillas with shredded iceberg lettuce and fresh salsa -black beans -carrot sticks -banana slices -low-fat milk -gingersnap cookies Which of the following modification to this lunch plan would most improve its nutritional value? a. substituting spinach for the iceberg lettuce and whole-grain tortillas for the flour tortillas b. substituting green beans for black beans and water for the low-fat milk c. substituting ground chicken for the ground turkey and tomato slices for the fresh salsa d. substituting pineapple slices for the banana slices and orange juice for the low-fat milk

a. substituting spinach for the iceberg lettuce and whole-grain tortillas for the flour tortillas

The term spring tide refers to a high tide that is slightly higher in the depth than average and a low tide that is slightly lower in depth than average. Earth is most likely to experience a spring tide when the: a. sun, moon, and earth are situated in a straight line b. sun, moon, and earth form a right angle c. moon is in the first and third quarter phases d. moon is farthest from earth during its orbit

a. sun, moon, and earth are situated in a straight line

A third-grade teacher is working with a group of students who have achieved grade-level benchmarks for accuracy and rate but who need to improve their prosody. The teacher plans a sequence of fluency lessons designed to address the students' needs. Which of the following activities would be most effective for the teacher to use first in this sequence of instruction? a. teacher modeling by reading a target passage aloud b. teacher and students choral reading a target passage together aloud c. teacher and students taking turns echo reading a target passage aloud d. students taking turns partner reading a target passage to each other aloud

a. teacher modeling by reading a target passage aloud

While researching bacterial growth in 1928, Alexander Fleming observed that the presence of a specific type of mold results in the death of bacterial colonies that came in contact with the mold. This discovery led directly to which of the following advances? a. the use of antibiotics such as penicillin for the treatment of infection b. the germ theory of disease and the importance of hand washing c. the development of vaccines as a way of preventing the acquisition of disease d. the process of pasteurization as a way to eliminate bacteria and yeasts in milk

a. the use of antibiotics such as penicillin for the treatment of infection

Reading research conducted using scientific-based research methods has identified which of the following areas as one of the five essential components of an effective reading instruction program? a. vocabulary development b. letter formation c. book-handling skills d. spelling skills

a. vocabulary development

Which of the following physical activities would be most effective for developing and improving students' visual tracking skills and hand-eye coordination? a. volleying balloons to partners using paddles b. individually dribbling foam soccer balls around cones c. playing hopscotch with small groups of peers d. forming round, narrow, wide, and curved body shapes with a partner

a. volleying balloons to partners using paddles

The graph of which of the following functions will cross the x-axis in exactly two places? a. y = -2(x-5)^2 + 3 b. y = 4(x+2)^2 + 0 c. y = -3(x+4)^2 - 2 d. y = 5(x-3)^2 + 1

a. y = -2(x-5)^2 + 3

Which of the following are the best ways for a teacher to help students develop independent reading skills? a. Pick all student reading for them to be sure it is a good fit. b. Facilitate peer conversations about their reading. c. Only allow students to choose their independent reading books from teacher-selected lists. d. Provide in-class time for students to choose independent reading books and some time for quiet reading.

b & d

A rectangular garden is to be enclosed with 48 feet of fencing. The ratio of length to width of the garden needs to be 5:3. What is the area of the garden if all the fencing must be used? a. 90 square feet b. 135 square feet c. 215 square feet d. 540 square feet

b. 135 square feet

What is the first step in solving this equation? 3(y + 4) − 2(3y − 1) = 10 a. 3y+4+6y+2=10 b. 3y+12−6y+2=10 c. 3y+4−6y−1=10 d. 3y+12+6y+2=10

b. 3y+12−6y+2=10

How do a population and a community differ? a. A community includes the non-living things in the area. b. A population is a group of only one species. c. They are the same thing. d. Populations are groups of animals while communities are groups of plants.

b. A population is a group of only one species.

Following the civil war the United States entered an era marked by modernization and industrial growth. This time period is known as the? a. Industrial Revolution b. Gilded Age c. Roaring 20's d. Great Migration

b. Gilded Age

Several fifth-grade students appear eager to participate in class discussions, but they are unable to formulate a response to questions when called upon. As a first step toward helping the students, the teacher posts on a wall chart several starter sentences that the students can use when responding to discussion questions. Which of the following steps should the teacher take next to promote the students' participation in class discussion? a. Informing the students of discussion topics in advance b. Increasing the amount of time the teacher waits for students' responses c. Giving students bonus points for participation in dicussions d. Having the students write down responses for a classmate to read aloud

b. Increasing the amount of time the teacher waits for students' responses

A third-grade teacher is teaching students to use context clues while they read to figure out unfamiliar words. Which of the following sentences would be most effective for showing students how to use synonyms to figure out unknown words? a. She tried to coax me into trying her sandwich, but I can't get forced into doing anything. b. She coaxed me into trying her sandwich, she is good at persuading people to do things. c. She coaxed me into trying her sandwich, just like I had gently persuaded her to try my salad. d. She tried to coax, or gently persuade, me to try her sandwich.

b. She coaxed me into trying her sandwich, she is good at persuading people to do things.

Third-grade students are excited to be making a model volcano, which will erupt as a result of a simple acid-base reaction. Which of the following is the most important safety procedure to have in place prior to this activity? a. Latex gloves should be worn during the activity b. Students should be wearing protective eye gear c. A fire extinguisher should be readily accessible to the teacher d. Students should work with a partner for this lab experience

b. Students should be wearing protective eye gear

Which of the following questions would be most appropriate for a first-grade teacher to ask as part of a lesson on phonemic blending? a. What letter begins the word fish? b. What word am I trying to say: /f/ /i/ /sh/ c. What whole word does /f/ ... /ish/ make? d. How many sounds do you hear in the word fish?

b. What word am I trying to say: /f/ /i/ /sh/

Elementary school students are learning about the various classes of animals with backbones. Their teacher also is trying to encourage the students' science-reasoning skills. Which of the following strategies is likely to be most effective in helping students learn to develop arguments from evidence? a. providing a matching game in which students match the photo of a specific animals with an anatomy term b. asking students to make a claim about an animal's classification, and to give the reasons for their assertion c. showing a video that introduces students to representative animals from each of the biological classes d. surveying student ideas about specific animal classifications and organizing the results into a data table

b. asking students to make a claim about an animal's classification, and to give the reasons for their assertion

Of the following, which represents an indirect way in which students receive instruction in and learn vocabulary? a. being exposed repeatedly to vocabulary in multiple teaching contexts b. being exposed to vocabulary when adults read aloud to them c. being pre-taught specific words found in text prior to reading d. being taught vocabulary words over extended periods of time

b. being exposed to vocabulary when adults read aloud to them

A third-grade teacher has developed an activity to support a unit on the water cycle. Stations representing various components of the water cycle have been set up in different areas of the classroom. Students will rotate through the different stations and "act out" each of the different states of water using simple costumes and movements. Which additional action by the students would most effectively promote their understanding of the water cycle? a. making posters listing terms relevant to the water cycle such as evaporation, condensation, and precipitation b. charting their paths as they move from station to station on a diagram of the water cycle c. circling on handouts of the water cycle the type(s) of precipitation most often observed in their local area d. writing the physical properties of water (ex: freezing point, density) on a large poster of the water cycle

b. charting their paths as they move from station to station on a diagram of the water cycle

In the U.S. political process, an important role of political parties is to: a. promote consistency in state and national decision making b. clarify the philosophical and policy choices available to voters c. ensure that free and fair exchange procedures are followed d. help ensure smooth and peaceful transitions of power

b. clarify the philosophical and policy choices available to voters

A student was confused as to where to place the decimal point in the result of the product 24.5 x 0.02. Which of the following activities would best help the student understand decimal point placement when finding the product of two decimal numbers? a. practicing counting decimal places in decimal numerals b. converting decimals to fraction equivalents and finding the fraction products c. finding decimal products on a calculator and recording the results d. adding zeros to decimal numerals so that they have the same number of decimal palces

b. converting decimals to fraction equivalents and finding the fraction products

Which of the following exercises would most likely encourage fourth-grade students' exploration of personal feelings? a. working with another student to create a paper-mache sculpture of a pumpkin b. creating a pencil drawing of a family member or friend c. viewing a famous painting and trying to replicate it with tempera paints d. writing a poem about why a favorite color is favorite

b. creating a pencil drawing of a family member or friend

A teacher asks students to use pattern blocks to cover a geometric design. This activity lays the foundation for: a. classifying two-dimensional figures based on properties b. decomposing polygons into simpler shapes c. identifying lines of symmetry in polygons d. understanding connections between arithmetic and geometric properties

b. decomposing polygons into simpler shapes

Fourth-grade students have read an informational text about types of storms, and they are having a classroom discussion about extreme weather. During the discussion, they work together on the partially completed grid below as they decide which features are characteristic of the various storm types. This activity is most likely to promote students' vocabulary development by strengthening which of the following word-related skills? a. demonstrating understanding of words by relating them to their synonyms b. defining words in relation to the content-area texts they are reading c. analyzing the nuances of meaning between related words d. identifying meaningful examples of new concepts

b. defining words in relation to the content-area texts they are reading

A student consistently simplifies algebraic expressions as shown below. 2x + 3x + 5 = 20 10x = 20 x = 2 This provides the most direct evidence that the student does not understand which of the following mathematical concepts? a. commutative property of multiplication b. distributive property of multiplication over addition c. division as the inverse of multiplication d. associative property of multiplication and addition

b. distributive property of multiplication over addition

Which of the following is NOT one of the demographic variables? a. fertility b. diversity c. mortality d. migration

b. diversity

The first several elements are grouped into eight columns in the periodic table labeled columns I through VIII. Elements in which columns of the periodic table tend to form ionic bonds with each other? a. elements in columns I and VIII b. elements in columns I and VII c. elements in columns III and V d. elements in columns III and IV

b. elements in columns I and VII

In addition to providing structural support, cell walls in plants also: a. serve as a storage area for sugars used in the production of ATP b. enable cells to withstand significant internal water pressure without rupturing c. contain large quantities of chloroplasts for use in photosynthesis d. keep gases such as oxygen and carbon dioxide from diffusing into the cell

b. enable cells to withstand significant internal water pressure without rupturing

Read the excerpt below from Abraham Lincoln's "Gettysburg Address" 1863: It is for us the living rather be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us-that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion-that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain, that this nation under God shall have a new birth of freedom, and that government of the people, by the people, for the people shall not perish from the earth. In this excerpt, the great task remaining before us refers to the struggle to preserve the Union and: a. maintain a government based on laws b. fulfill the promise of equality c. expand the scope of individual liberties d. affirm states' rights

b. fulfill the promise of equality

Which of the following actions by an elementary school teacher best demonstrates an awareness of the interconnections among literacy skills across the curriculum? a. giving students time for rereading their content-area textbooks and discussing the material with their classmates b. setting aside a weekly time slot for students to visit the school library and check out content-area texts the teacher has put on hold for them c. providing students with opportunities to read and write about fiction and nonfiction texts related to concepts they are studying in content-area lessons d. obtaining multiple copies of each content-related classroom library book so that more students have access to grade-level informational texts

c. providing students with opportunities to read and write about fiction and nonfiction texts related to concepts they are studying in content-area lessons

Which of the following is not a specific step of the research process? a. note-taking b. drawing conclusions c. reading comprehension d. outlining

c. reading comprehension

In the contemporary debate in the US regarding the government, controversy most often arises as a result of diverse perspectives on the: a. roles and responsibilities of local and state agencies versus federal agencies b. human costs associated with high levels of air, water, and land pollution c. scope of the government's power to regulate business and the economy d. culpability of individuals versus industries for creating environmental problems

c. scope of the government's power to regulate business and the economy

Which of the following visual arts techniques is most appropriate for first-grade students to use? a. batiking b. woodblock printing c. stamping d. engraving

c. stamping

In individualized strengthening programs, which of the following practices is most important for students to use to ensure that their muscles and other tissues undergo restoration and repair? a. drinking lots of water and sports drinks and taking vitamins on a daily basis b. performing static stretching exercises before any vigorous activity c. taking a day off between strengthening sessions and getting adequate rest d. consuming a high-protein, high-carbohydrate, no-fat diet to build muscle bulk

c. taking a day off between strengthening sessions and getting adequate rest

As part of learning the standard multiplication algorithm for multidigit numbers, a student performs computations as shown below. 23=20+3 x16=10+6 ---------- 18 120 30 + 200 ---------- 368 One significant characteristic of this approach is that it directly illustrates properties of place value and: a. the associative law b. inverse operation c. the distributive law d. prime factorization

c. the distributive law

A researcher would find a physical map most useful for identifying: a. major climate zones in Southeast Asia b. the location of oil and gas reserves in Eastern Europe c. the location of major rives and lakes in Africa d. annual rainfall totals in South America

c. the location of major rives and lakes in Africa

Which of the following statements is true? a. the set of whole numbers is a subset of the set of natural numbers b. the set of integers is a subset of the set of natural numbers c. the set of integers is a subset of the set of rational numbers d. the set of rational numbers is a subset of the set of integers

c. the set of integers is a subset of the set of rational numbers

The sentences below are from an elementary school student's creative writing piece. The student's spelling in this excerpt is representative of the student's overall spelling performance. The children new they wood get in truble. The lessens were esey for them to lern. The student's spelling is most characteristic of students in which stage of spelling development? a. semiphonetic stage b. phonetic stage c. transitional stage d. morphophonemic stage

c. transitional stage

A yellow pea plant with a Yy genotype has which of the following? a. no alleles b. one allele; yellow c. two different alleles; Y and y d. one allele; Yy

c. two different alleles; Y and y

A fifth-grade teacher is beginning a unit on equivalent fractions with her students. If this is an introductory lesson, which of the following activities would be the most effective in helping the students understand the concept of equivalent fractions? a. begin with the concept that 50¢ is ½ of $1; 25¢ is ½ of 50¢; 5¢ is ½ of 10¢ b. compare pictures showing ½ of a variety of different objects c. use pattern blocks to model different fractions equivalent to ½ d. find as many fractions as possible equivalent to ½ in one minute

c. use pattern blocks to model different fractions equivalent to ½

Among activities that demonstrate stability skills, which of these is developmentally appropriate for students in the second grade? a. balancing and transferring weight on a beam b. doing the stork stand, log roll, tumbling skills c. walking on balance beam, 6 inches above the floor d. balancing with partner, ex: back-to-back sits

c. walking on balance beam, 6 inches above the floor

Jeni buys a phone charger for $28. If it had been marked down 30%, what was the original cost? a. $30 b. $32 c. $35 d. $40

d. $40 28 = x - 0.3x or 28 = 0.7x

Given that the fraction a/b is expressed in lowest terms and a/b=0.64, what is a/b-1? a. 2/5 b. 64/99 c. 33/50 d. 2/3

d. 2/3

Ben's current monthly rent is $750. He is moving to another apartment complex, where the monthly rent will be $900. What is the percent increase in his monthly rent amount? a. 15% b. 17.5% c. 19.25% d. 20%

d. 20%

A television station's logo is made up of a circle inscribed in a square, as shown in the diagram above. What is the area of the shaded region of the logo if the circle's circumference is 16pi? a. 64 - 8pi b. 64 - 16pi c. 256 - 16pi d. 256 - 64pi

d. 256 - 64pi

A hotel charges $3325 per week for a room during peak season. Which of the following expressions can be used to determine this cost in dollars per minute? a. 7days/3325 dollars x 24hrs/1 day x 60min/1hr b. 3325dollars/7days x 24hrs/1day x 1hr/60min c. 7days/3325dollars x 1day/24hrs. x 60min./1hr. d. 3325 dollars/7days x 1 day/24hrs. x 1hr/60min.

d. 3325 dollars/7days x 1 day/24hrs. x 1hr/60min.

Given the problem 3005/21 and the expression 3005=Ax100x21+Bx10x21+C+Dx1, where A, B, C, and D are all whole numbers less than 10, what is the value of B? a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4

d. 4

A standard die is a cube, with each of its six faces showing a different number of dots from 1 to 6. What is the probability of getting a sum of 8 from 2 rolls of a standard die? a. 1/7 b. 1/6 c. 5/36 d. 5/12

d. 5/12

Which of the following solids has the smallest volume? a. A cube with side length 5 cm b. A rectangular prism with height 5 cm, length 3, and width 7 cm c. A cylinder with height 4 cm and radius 3 cm d. A cone with height 10 cm and radius 3 cm

d. A cone with height 10 cm and radius 3 cm

Which of the following activities will best help students identify various features of texts? a. Edit the main body of a rough draft. b. Write a short summary of a text after a class discussion about a text. c. Read a text and discuss its features with a partner. d. Create a scavenger hunt for students to find various features using different kinds of texts.

d. Create a scavenger hunt for students to find various features using different kinds of texts.

Use the student work below to answer the question that follows. 4 3/8- 2 1/2= 4 3/8- 2 4/8= 3 13/8- 2 4/8= 1 9/8= 2 1/8 A student was asked to find the difference between 4 3/8 and 2 1/2. Which of the following activities would best help the student understand the error made in the work shown above? a. Rewriting the fractions and decimals before subtracting b. Reviewing subtraction of fractions with like denominators c. Using number lines to convert improper fractions to mixed numbers d. Drawing area models to rename wholes as sums of unit fractions

d. Drawing area models to rename wholes as sums of unit fractions

Read the transcript below of a conversation between a teacher and a first-grade student; then answer the question that follows. Student: The wind blew my hat off! Teacher: There's a very strong breeze today. Student: I had to run to get it. Teacher: Yes! I saw you race across the school yard. Student: Every time I got near my hat, the breeze blew it away again. Teacher: Well, you're a fast runner and you finally caught it. Student: I can race as fast as the breeze! Given the evidence in the transcript, the teacher is primarily using the conversation as an opportunity to: a. Introduce the student to concepts related to weather b. Build the student's self-confidence c. Determine the student's interests outside of school d. Expand the student's vocabulary

d. Expand the student's vocabulary

What major US event took place around the same time that the Judiciary Act set up the federal judiciary system? a. The Neutrality Act was passed b. The US entered WWII c. The Korean War ended d. George Washington was inaugurated president

d. George Washington was inaugurated president

A forest ranger is monitoring the population of an invasive insect that has recently arrived from another continent. The ranger estimates that the population, P, will double every five years. If the current population in a forest is 2,000 insects, which of the following equations can be used to estimate the population in the forest n years from the present? a. P=10n+200 B. P=(2000)2^0.2n c. P=5n^2+2000 d. P=(2000)2^5n

d. P=(2000)2^5n

Which of these versions of the sentence has a compound-complex structure? a. She was sick, and so she was not able to attend the party. b. She was not able to attend the party because she was sick. c. She was feeling sick and was not able to attend the party. d. She didn't attend because she was sick; she missed the party.

d. She didn't attend because she was sick; she missed the party.

As past of a unit about disease prevention, students are learning about how researchers link the presence of a certain strain of bacteria to the occurrence of a specific disease. Which of the following is the strongest evidence that a strain of bacteria is the cause of a particular disease? a. The bacteria are present in abundance in geographic areas where the disease is prevalent. b. The bacteria have been shown to be susceptible to the lethal effects of antibiotics such as penicillin. c. The bacteria occur in a higher frequency in children whose parents were exposed to the disease d. The bacteria can be isolated from all individuals exhibiting disease symptoms but not from unaffected individuals

d. The bacteria can be isolated from all individuals exhibiting disease symptoms but not from unaffected individuals

There are six blocks on a table. A child counts each block while saying the numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. Which of the following provides the best evidence that the child has developed the concept of cardinality? a. The child can recite the numbers in the proper order b. The child points to each block while counting them c. The child can count the blocks after they have been rearranged into a new order d. The child can state how many blocks are on the table without recounting them

d. The child can state how many blocks are on the table without recounting them

The period between 5th century and 13th century CE in Europe is known as The Dark Ages. Which of the following best describes why this period is known as The Dark Ages? a. The nobles were always looking for a good cause to fight. b. The people spent most of their time in the work of the manor house. c. Disease was prevalent and there was a high infant mortality rate. d. The culture experienced a deterioration.

d. The culture experienced a deterioration.

As the concluding activity for a unit on tall tales, a third-grade teacher plans to have students compose original tall tales and post them on the class blog. Students will then read their classmates' tall tales and post comments. To ensure that students' comments are constructive, the teacher should engage students in which of the following activities? a. Reviewing the common elements of traditional tall tales b. Creating a five-point scale students can use to rate the tall tales c. Rereading the tall tales that students read during the unit d. Working with students to develop guidelines for providing feedback

d. Working with students to develop guidelines for providing feedback

A fifth-grade teacher regularly incorporates technology in instruction for various purposes. In an upcoming lesson, the teacher would like to promote a collaborative classroom environment by having students post a written response to an assigned text in which they reflect on connections they make to the text as they read. The teacher wants students to read and reply to their classmates' reflections but would like to be able to screen the responses before students post them. Which of the following forms of technology would best achieve the teacher's goal for this activity? a. a class Web site b. a group e-mail c. a social network d. a group blog

d. a group blog

Which of the following elements would most likely be found in a work of science fiction? a. a first-person narration that focuses on thoughts and feelings b. a humorous parody of contemporary social codes of behavior c. a nonlinear plot that unfolds in flashback and flash-forward d. a moral conflict between human and nonhuman characters

d. a moral conflict between human and nonhuman characters

A second-grade teacher wants to use a method of student self-evaluation to assess art exercises. Which of the following approaches would be most effective with this age group? a. encouraging students to think about their progress throughout the year and then listening to their thoughts during 1 to 1 interview sessions b. requiring students to rate their comprehension of each exercise on a four-point scale and giving them regular feedback on the accuracy of their ratings c. assigning students exercises to discuss with their parents and tracking the progress of the discussions through parent-teacher conferences and informal phone calls d. asking students to fill out a worksheet after each exercise and address prompts such as "What I enjoyed most" and "Something interesting I learned"

d. asking students to fill out a worksheet after each exercise and address prompts such as "What I enjoyed most" and "Something interesting I learned"

Which of the following word lists could be used to provide upper elementary school students with practice in analyzing words with a common Latin root? a. chronic, synchronize, anachronism b. democracy, demography, pandemic c. headquarters, forehead, heady d. audible, audience, auditorium

d. audible, audience, auditorium Latin root aud = hear

During an outdoor activity, elementary school students practice jumping and landing for a distance in the sand. Which of the following techniques is an essential element of the horizontal jump? a. keeping the knees locked in preparation for the jump b. extending the arms backward as the body propels forward c. bringing the arms down to the sides during the flight phase d. bending the hips, knees, and ankles on landing

d. bending the hips, knees, and ankles on landing

A species of small bird is known to ride on the back of elephants. As the elephant moves through fields, insects dislodged from the grass fly about and are eaten by the bird. While the elephant does not obtain any benefit from the bird's presence, it also is not disturbed by it. The relationship between the small bird and elephant is an example of: a. parasitism b. mutualism c. predation d. commensalism

d. commensalism

As part of a unit of consumer economics, a fifth-grade teacher plans to have groups of students conduct online research into a new electronic toy. Upon completing their work, each group will make a decision about whether the toy is worth the cost and explain their reasoning. The teacher can best use this activity to enhance students' skills as consumers by promoting the groups to emphasize which of the following strategies? a. investigating the history of the company that manufactures the toy and its previous success with similar products b. searching online for the best price for the toy and comparing that price to the prices of older electronic toys c. examining the approaches used to market the toy and discussing their effectiveness and appropriateness d. comparing descriptions of the toy on the manufacturer's Web site with reviews by objective reviewers on other sites

d. comparing descriptions of the toy on the manufacturer's Web site with reviews by objective reviewers on other sites

A third-grade class works in small groups to create short dances expressing poems they have read. In the final activity of the lesson, each group will perform its dance for the rest of the class. When the class is seated to watch the performances, which of the following actions by the teacher would be most appropriate? a. inviting students to describe other dance performances they have seen and what they liked about them b. explaining the role of personal and cultural perspectives in creating and interpreting both poetry and dance c. asking students to brainstorm a list of body shapes and movements they might choose to express words used in the poems d. discussing audience skills of observing quietly and attentively and showing appreciation at proper times

d. discussing audience skills of observing quietly and attentively and showing appreciation at proper times

In a health lesson, a 6th-grade class lists negative long-term health effects of particular lifestyle behaviors. One of the lists is shown below. - cardiomyopathy (stretching and drooping of the heart muscle) -arrhythmia (problem with the rate or rhythm of the heartbeat) -buildup of fatty deposits in the liver -disruption of neurotransmitter balance in the brain, which can cause depression and memory loss Which of the following lifestyle practices is most closely associated with these negative effects on personal health? a. consuming excessive amounts of fatty foods b. smoking or using tobacco products c. using anabolic steroids or growth hormones d. drinking excessive amounts of alcohol

d. drinking excessive amounts of alcohol

Elementary school students are working in cooperative learning groups and using the decision-making process below. Decision-making process 1. Identify the challenge or problem 2. Generate possible options 3. Weight the consequences of alternate options 4. Choose the best option 5. Evaluate the decision Each group applies the steps in the model to a hypothetical health-related problem that requires a decision to be made. Which of the following tasks should be carried out during Step 2? a. thinking abt potential short-term & long-term outcomes of various options & courses of action b. gathering information and considering what resources are needed or available for possible courses of action c. trying to anticipate what could go wrong & acknowledging that all decisions have an element of chance or risk d. creating an action plan & developing criteria & a strategy for evaluating the best option and its effec

b. gathering information and considering what resources are needed or available for possible courses of action

All of the following are activities requiring cardiovascular endurance except: a. swimming. b. golfing. c. running. d. cycling.

b. golfing.

According to research, students generally have the most difficulty learning sound-letter relationships for letters whose sounds are not part of the letter's name. For which of the following sets of letter-sound correspondences should a teacher allow more instructional time? a. m-/m/ and n-/n/ b. h-/h/ and w-/w/ c. b-/b/ and d-/d/ d. f-/f/ and s-/s/

b. h-/h/ and w-/w/

During a unit on pollution, a teacher in an upper elementary school classroom led a student's discussion about an article in the local newspaper on a decision to ban swimming and other recreational activities in a local pond that was found to contain a high level of pollutants. The teacher engages students in research projects related to the problem of the polluted pond. The class will be divided into small groups, each group responsible for researching a relevant topic. The teacher can best promote students' social science inquiry skills by taking which of the following actions first? a. leading the class in brainstorming ideas about possible causes and effects of the pollution found in the pond b. helping students in each group define one or more essential questions they would like to answer about the pond c. having students with prior personal experience of the pong talk to the rest of the class about their experi

b. helping students in each group define one or more essential questions they would like to answer about the pond

The worldwide expansion of Internet availability and access that has occurred in recent decades in most strongly associated with which of the following changes? a. reduced disparities in standards of living for individuals and families in different parts of the world b. increased access to diverse information, ideas, and perspectives for people across the globe c. reduce political, educational, and religious differences among populations in different world regions d. increased regional and global cooperation to address common economic and security issues

b. increased access to diverse information, ideas, and perspectives for people across the globe

During a fitness activity, students walk halfway around an outdoor track, then jog halfway around, and run halfway again. After completing each of the 3 sections, students check their breathing and pulse and describe them with words such as slow, easy, fast, average, and heavy. This type of activity is particularly effective for: a. promoting students' ability to differentiate between aerobic and anaerobic activity b. increasing students' awareness of variable levels of cardiorespiratory exercise intensity c. teaching students techniques for determining appropriate target heart-rate zones for aerobic activity d. enhancing students' ability to distinguish among the movement concepts of effort, force, and speed

b. increasing students' awareness of variable levels of cardiorespiratory exercise intensity

A substance that has a fixed volume, is virtually incompressible, and takes the shape of its container is most likely a: a. solid b. liquid c. gas d. plasma

b. liquid

Political systems grounded in communist ideology are most often characterized by: a. a minimal focus on economic goals b. low levels of individual freedom c. a decentralized approach to governing d. limited and weak bureaucracies

b. low levels of individual freedom

Which of the following number representations would be most appropriate for introducing concepts and principles associated with positive and negative integers? a. area model b. number line c. pattern blocks d. tape diagram

b. number line

Increased economic prosperity in China would be expected to benefit the US mainly because a more prosperous China would: a. facilitate the removal of trade barriers that dampen US economic growth b. offer US firms greater opportunities to expand their markets c. reduce the frequency and severity of domestic business cycle fluctuations d. promote increased specialization and efficiency of the US labor force

b. offer US firms greater opportunities to expand their markets

According to current research in the field of reading, which of the following strategies would be most effective in developing students' academic language knowledge? a. limiting social language in the classroom and requiring students to use formal English b. promoting students' engagement in wide reading with opportunities to discuss and write about the texts c. providing students with opportunities to determine word meaning through contextual analysis d. diagramming complex sentences that exemplify various academic language structures

b. promoting students' engagement in wide reading with opportunities to discuss and write about the texts

A scientist is performing an experiment to determine the conductivity of a specific substance. Which of the following actions would increase the reliability of the results? a. testing multiple substances b. recording the results of repeated experiments c. using a variety of materials to test the conductivity of the substance d. predicting the outcome of the experiment

b. recording the results of repeated experiments

Students in a fifth-grade class are beginning to learn about decimals. The teacher wants students to develop a conceptual understanding of the fractional equivalent of common decimal numbers involving the tenths place, an example of which is shown below. 0.2 = 2/10 = 1/5 0.4 = 4/10 = 2/5 0.5 = 5/10 = 1/2 Which of the following strategies is likely to be most effective in helping students develop this understanding? a. using long division to convert the fractions to decimals b. representing the decimals using an area model based on a 1-by-10 grid c. making connections between the concept of a decimal and a percent d. setting up a proportion involving each fraction and its decimal equivalent

b. representing the decimals using an area model based on a 1-by-10 grid

How does the freezing point of sea water compare to that of fresh water? a. sea water has a higher freezing point b. sea water has a lower freezing point c. they are the same d. sea water does not freeze

b. sea water has a lower freezing point

During a physical activity, students travel through an obstacle course that includes tunnels that go under benches and between mats, rivers, marked by long jump ropes, mountains of foam blocks, and twisted trails marked by cones. In this movement activity, students are primarily exploring: a. effort awareness concepts such as strong and light force and fast and slow time b. spatial awareness concepts such as pathways, levels, and relationships to objects c. body awareness concepts such as identification of body parts and body shapes d. balance and weight transfer concepts such as center of gravity and base of support

b. spatial awareness concepts such as pathways, levels, and relationships to objects

Moderate to vigorous physical activity contributes to a decreased risk of coronary artery disease by: a. reducing the heart's stroke volume required to oxygenate blood b. strengthening the heart muscle and increasing its pumping capacity c. lowering the body's metabolic rate both at rest and during exercise d. increasing the thickness of artery walls, reducing the chance of atherosclerosis

b. strengthening the heart muscle and increasing its pumping capacity

During a decoding exercise, a first-grade teacher noticed a student could not decode new words when particular suffixes were added to the word. This student would most benefit from which of the following instruction? a. increasing understanding of vowel digraphs b. structural analysis c. isolating the initial sounds of the words d. counting the syllables in the words

b. structural analysis Structural analysis is the practice of using word parts, such as roots and affixes, to identify words. Structural analysis skills will help the student use knowledge of the root word and suffix to decode the word.

Which of the following documents outlines that all men are created equal and have the right to life? a. the Constitution of the United States b. the Declaration of Independence c. the Articles of Confederation d. the Magna Carta

b. the Declaration of Independence

Which of the following best describes the significance of the Mayflower Compact? a. the compact created a long-lasting alliance with the indigenous people in the area b. the compact allowed the Plymouth colonists to elect their leaders, thus establishing a representative government c. the compact established the first communist society and influenced other colonies in the region d. the compact established a single ruler over the Plymouth colony, thus establishing autocratic traditions

b. the compact allowed the Plymouth colonists to elect their leaders, thus establishing a representative government

Which of the following is the best way to use data collected from pre-assessment activities? a. to compare the knowledge of one class to another b. to drive instruction c. to isolate the top five students so they can be peer tutors d. to document the lack of knowledge, for teacher accountability

b. to drive instruction

As part of a unit about matter, a fourth-grade teacher provides students with a recipe for homemade play dough and sufficient amounts of flour, salt, food coloring, oil, and water to make a batch of the dough. The teacher then asks students to develop a question that could be used as the basis to further investigate the properties of the play dough. Which of the following is the best example of a scientific question that achieves this objective? a. "Why is red play dough better than green play dough?" b. "Why does the dough have a funny smell?" c. "What happens if the amount of oil is changed?" d. "What is the best use for the play dough?"

c. "What happens if the amount of oil is changed?"

A 12 foot ladder and an 8 foot ladder are leaning against the side of a house such that each of the ladders forms the same angle with the ground. The 12 foot ladder reaches 9 feet up the side of the house. Which of the following expressions can be used to find how high up the side of the house the 8 foot ladder reaches? a. 12÷(9x8) b. 9÷(12x8) c. (8x9)÷12 d. (9x12)÷8

c. (8x9)÷12 proportional fraction: 9/12 = x/8

The right circular cylinder above, which is closed at both ends, is 3/4 full and contains 144pi cubic centimeters of liquid. What is the surface area of the cylinder? height: 12 cm a. 90pi b. 112pi c. 128pi d. 208pi

c. 128pi

Which of the following is a step in solving the system of equations using the method of adding/subtracting equations? -3x + 5y = 7 6x +2y = -8 a. 8y = 22 b. 8y = -15 c. 12y = 6 d. 12y = -1

c. 12y = 6 need to be equal first

A second-grade teacher plans to start a vegetable garden to help students learn about the resources required for plant growth. The teacher uses stakes and string to mark a 5 foot by 5 foot plot of ground, but determines it would only provide enough space for each student to grow one plant. In order for each student to have enough space to grow two plants, the teacher plans to double the area of the first plot. What will be the total area of the enlarged plot? a. 10 square feet b. 25 square feet c. 50 square feet d. 100 square feet

c. 50 square feet

Which of the following statements best illustrates how to help students develop ethical thinking in science? a. When appropriate, telling students how the science topic they are studying has benefited society. b. Because of the controversial nature of ethics, this topic should be left for parents to teach at home. c. A regular and consistent focus on how science can affect society, for good or bad. d. An ethical decision-making activity in which students decide which person should be thrown out of a lifeboat that is too small for everyone.

c. A regular and consistent focus on how science can affect society, for good or bad.

Which of the following sentences exemplifies the literary device of foreshadowing? a. "Aren't you quick as a bunny!" exclaimed the father as he chased after his son, who had toddled onto the soccer field and was being heartily applauded by spectators. b. One summer nights, the family gathered on the lawn to listen to the steady chirping of crickets and the calls of night birds emerging from deep in the moonlit forest. c. As they ate the last of the sandwiches their Aunt Grace had packed for them that morning, they never guessed that their lives were about to change forever. d. "I can't possibly take another step!" exclaimed Lydia as she collapsed onto the overstuffed sofa after a morning run with her faster and younger brother.

c. As they ate the last of the sandwiches their Aunt Grace had packed for them that morning, they never guessed that their lives were about to change forever.

Use the values shown below to answer the question that follows. A=K/0.5 B=1 1/2 x K C=7/8 of K D=20% of K Given that K is a positive integer, which of the following lists orders the values above from least to greatest? a. A<B<D<C b. A<C<D<B c. D<C<B<A d. D<A<C<B

c. D<C<B<A

At its inception, the United Nations made people's basic rights to survival and well-being a priority. Which declaration established these priorities? a. Declaration of Human Morality b. Declaration of Global Independence c. Declaration of Human Independence d. Declaration of Human Rights

c. Declaration of Human Independence

An elementary school teacher wants to use a set of student-developed classroom rules to illustrate how laws can help protect individual freedoms. Which of the following classroom rules would best serve this purpose? a. Raise your hand if you have a question b. Work and play safely c. Listen respectfully while others are speaking d. Always do your best

c. Listen respectfully while others are speaking

Which of the following statements about phonemic awareness is most accurate? a. Children cannot properly develop oral language skills without developing phonemic awareness. b. Students do not fully master phonemic awareness until middle school. c. Phonemic awareness is an early indicator of students becoming strong readers. d. Students always develop phonemic awareness in a standard order, applicable to all children.

c. Phonemic awareness is an early indicator of students becoming strong readers.

Of the commonly accepted and understood time periods into which Western classical music has been divided, which period is associated most strongly with musical nationalism? a. Baroque b. Classical c. Romantic d. Contemporary

c. Romantic

Which of the following options best describes what melody refers to in a musical composition? a. a steady recurring beat b. the cadence of lyrics c. a series of tones d. the volume of sounds

c. a series of tones

A fourth-grade teacher is conducting a writing conference with a student about a draft in progress. The teacher recognizes that one paragraph lacks focus and does not connect to the rest of the draft. Which of the following approaches by the teacher would most effectively guide the student in revising the draft? a. suggesting transitional words or phrases to link the paragraph to the rest of the draft b. providing the student with several exemplary drafts to use as models for revision c. asking the student to state the draft's main idea and the paragraph's main idea d. having the student create several new drafts by changing the paragraph order

c. asking the student to state the draft's main idea and the paragraph's main idea

A physical education teacher has second-grade students make twisted, narrow, wide, and round shapes. Which of the following are students working on? a. space awareness b. auditory awareness c. body awareness d. visual development

c. body awareness

Use the problem and student work shown below to answer the question that follows. Simplify: 2x+5=3(x-1) Student work: Step 1: 2x+5-3(x-1)=2x+5-3x+3 Step 2: 2x+5-3x=2x-3x+5+3 Step 3: 2x-3x+5+3=(2-3)x+5+3 Step 4: (2-3)x+5+3=-x+8 Which of the following properties justifies step 2 in the students work? a. associative property b. closure property c. commutative property d. distributive property

c. commutative property

During a nutrition lesson, students examine empty boxes of different brands of granola bars. The teacher tells the students that since one serving of each type of granola bar has approximately the same number of grams, the bars are equal servings. The teacher challenges students to find the product with the least amount of fat per bar. Which of the following strategies should students use to determine which type of granola bar contains the least amount of fat? a. finding a package whose nutrition facts label lists "0 g" next to "Trans fat" b. examining each package to learn how its manufacturer defines terms related to fat content c. comparing the "% Daily Value" or "Total Fat" shown on each package's nutrition facts label d. comparing the amounts of milk, fructose, and other potential sources of fat in each package's list of ingredients

c. comparing the "% Daily Value" or "Total Fat" shown on each package's nutrition facts label

Second-grade students have gathered and organized information for oral reports on a science topic of their choice. Which of the following activities would most effectively enhance students' ability to convey facts and details about their topic during their presentation? a. ranking the information from most to least significant b. drafting comprehension questions to ask the audience c. creating visual representations of important information d. practicing their oral presentation with a student partner

c. creating visual representations of important information

Which of these is most closely linked with symptoms resembling those of ADHD in children? a. skipping breakfast b. often missing meals c. deficiencies in iron d. protein deficiencies

c. deficiencies in iron

Smooth muscle is involved in which of the following body actions? a. extending the legs while jumping b. moving blood through the heart c. digesting the nutrients in a meal d. swinging the arms to propel an object

c. digesting the nutrients in a meal

In Laban's theory of effort (sometimes called movement dynamics), which of the following qualities is not a dimension of effort? a. space (direct/indirect) b. weight (strong/light) c. direction (up/down) d. time (short/sustained)

c. direction (up/down)

Which of the following lists would be the most useful in assessing a first-grade student's grasp of letter-sound correspondences and ability to apply them in decoding a variety of regular closed-syllable words? a. the, with, to, of b. main, beat, coat, foot c. dot, pen, sum, rib d. bat, cat, mat, sat

c. dot, pen, sum, rib

Information about the location and environment of a particular cultural group in premodern Europe would most likely provide a researcher with the greatest insight into the group's: a. demographic characteristics b. social organization c. economic activities d. family structure

c. economic activities

Ongoing assessment is extremely important in writing and the writing process. Which of the following is the least important reason for ongoing assessment? a. analyzing the students' understanding of one or more areas of the writing process b. ensuring that there are many scores so no one low grade will too significantly impact their average c. ensuring that there are many scores so no one low grade will too significantly impact their average d. assessing students' abilities to use competencies such as apostrophes, capitalization, and punctuation

c. ensuring that there are many scores so no one low grade will too significantly impact their average

During a lesson on interpersonal communication skills, the class discusses the role of assertive communication. Which of the following descriptions accurately characterizes assertive communication? a. articulating one's expectations clearly and giving directions on what needs to be done and how b. using facial expressions, gestures, and body language to reinforce one's verbal message c. expressing one's needs, wants, and feelings in a firm, confident, but nonaggressive way d. paraphrasing what a conversation partner has just said to check understanding

c. expressing one's needs, wants, and feelings in a firm, confident, but nonaggressive way

A first-grade teacher plans to use a graphic organizer to guide students in identifying and analyzing key ideas and details in an informational text. Which of the following types of graphic organizers would be most appropriate for the teacher to use for this purpose? a. Venn diagram b. KWL chart c. flowchart d. semantic map

c. flowchart

If a musician sees "dim." in a piece of music, how should it impact their performance in that section? a. play more slowly compared with the previous section b. play more quickly compared with the previous section c. gradually decrease their volume until they are playing quietly d. gradually increase their volume until they are playing quite loudly

c. gradually decrease their volume until they are playing quietly

Second graders are observing plants and animals present in their school environment as part of a life sciences unit. Which of the following activities utilizing educational technology would be most appropriate for strengthening the students' understanding of these organisms? a. creating nature journals with word processing software in which students record their impressions and observations of the plants and animals b. having students complete a survey about their favorite local plants and animals and then posting the results on a class Web page c. participating in an online scavenger hunt in which students research topics on plants and animals at teacher-selected Web sites and then answer questions d. having students photograph local plants and animals with digital cameras and using the photos to create a class field guide that describes each organism

d. having students photograph local plants and animals with digital cameras and using the photos to create a class field guide that describes each organism

Which of the following is NOT true about Louis Pasteur? a. he made the first rabies vaccine b. he discovered the medical use for penicillin c. his experiments advanced the germ theory of disease d. he created the first polio vaccine

d. he created the first polio vaccine

Obesity places children at a heightened risk for which of the following health conditions? a. anemia and low bone density b. kidney and pancreas damage c. premature closing of long bone growth plates d. high blood pressure and insulin resistance

d. high blood pressure and insulin resistance

A first-grade teacher designed a word wheel where only the beginning letter of the word changes when students spin the wheel. This activity best assesses which of the following? a. directionality b. suffixes c. contextual analysis d. initial blends

d. initial blends

An elementary school teacher is teaching a lesson on responsible onlooker (bystander) behavior in bullying situations. The teacher emphasizes to students that onlooker behavior can encourage or discourage bullying behavior. Which of the following topics would be most important to focus on during this lesson? a. techniques for avoiding bullies and potential bullying situations b. long-term psychological effects of witnessing bullying but doing nothing c. condition that might make some students more prone to bullying d. interventions that students can use when they witness bullying

d. interventions that students can use when they witness bullying

A first-grade teacher provides students with an activity sheet with pictures of common objects on it, along with write-on lines beneath each picture. The teacher displays a flash card with the letter d on it and says to the students, "Which object on your sheet begins with the letter d? Write the letter d under the picture whose name begins with /d/'. Which of the following areas of early literacy is most directly support by this activity? a. invented spelling b. phonemic awareness c. basic concept of print d. letter-sound correspondence

d. letter-sound correspondence

At the beginning of the school year, the results of a screening assessment indicate that a first-grade student has limited letter identification skills. Which of the following strategies would be most effective for the teacher to use first to promote the student's development of letter knowledge? a. showing the student the class alphabet chart, pointing to each letter, and having the student trace the corresponding letter on a letter worksheet b. singing the traditional alphabet song to the student and inviting the student to point to each corresponding letter on an alphabet chart as the teacher sings d. linking letter-name and sound instruction for each unknown letter, and having the student practice forming each target letter while saying its name and sound

d. linking letter-name and sound instruction for each unknown letter, and having the student practice forming each target letter while saying its name and sound

Which of the following activities is most likely to stimulate children's understanding of the visual arts element known as form? a. creating a blueprint design of a favorite building b. making a linear perspective drawing c. creating a painting with thick surface texture d. making a sculpture using inflated balloons

d. making a sculpture using inflated balloons

During a fifth-grade health lesson, students review the following health risk scenarios: -Your friends want you to join them skateboarding in a parking lot despite several "no skateboarding" notices -Your friends dare you to jump from a rope swing into the river below -Your friends want you to drink a can of beer Students role-play strategies such as suggesting an alternative group activty, walking or rising away, making an excuse to go home, and finding support from someone else who does not want to participate. These role-plays are particularly effective in fostering students' awareness and use of: a. goal-setting and decision-making skills b. conflict management and resolution techniques c. reverse-the-pressure techniques d. negotiation and refusal skills

d. negotiation and refusal skills

A teacher has students modeling the integers from 2 through 20 creating rectangular arrays using square tiles. The students notice that some numbers can be modeled using different arrays; for example, 8 can be modeled with a 2 by 4 array and a 1 by 8 array. If only one array is possible for a given integer n, where n > 1, then it must be true that n is: a. odd b. even c. composite d. prime

d. prime

After teaching a lesson on poetry, a teacher held the opinion that the students in the class understood the lesson, but after giving the students a multiple-choice test to assess their learning, the teacher was surprised by the students' low scores. When the teacher taught the poetry lesson to a new group of students, the teacher decided to give the students a poetry writing assignment to assess their learning instead of giving a multiple-choice test. Which of the following best describes the aspect of instruction the teacher differentiated in the second class? a. learning environment b. process c. content d. product

d. product

Several students in an elementary school classroom are English language learners. The teacher would like to differentiate instruction to promote development of their ability to comprehend and analyze informational texts. Which of the following strategies would be most effective for the teacher to use for this purpose? a. encouraging the students to ask the teacher questions about what they read b. pairing the students with peers who share the same home language c. having the students use a dictionary to translate texts into English d. providing the students with scaffolding to help them access the texts' content

d. providing the students with scaffolding to help them access the texts' content

Which of the following words would be most appropriate for a second grade teacher to use when providing instruction to students on the closed-syllable pattern VC/CV? a. howling b. brother c. flicker d. public

d. public VC/CV close syllable pattern; two consonants between two vowels

Which of the following graphic organizers would be most helpful in supporting second-grade students as they write a narrative? a. semantic map b. flowchart c. tree diagram d. storyboard

d. storyboard

In 1912, Alfred Wegner proposed a theory often referred to as "the Pangaea Theory." This theory was based on which of the following ideas? a. the Earth's magnetic poles have reversed several times throughout history b. tectonic plates move because of convection currents in the mantle c. mountains are formed by tectonic plates pushing against one another d. the continents once formed a single land mass, but have since drifted apart

d. the continents once formed a single land mass, but have since drifted apart

A student is working through a double-digit multiplication problem and turns in the work pictured. Which of the following best describes the student's error? 15 x 19 -------- 135 25 -------- 385 a. the student did not set up the problem correctly b. the student added the products incorrectly c. the student erred when multiplying 9 and 15 d. the student erred when multiplying 10 and 15

d. the student erred when multiplying 10 and 15

A small society has been passing down learned skills and crafts for generations. This type of society uses very primitive tools and sustains their way of life by exchanging goods through close family ties. This is an example of which of the following economic systems? a. command economy b. mixed market economy c. market economy d. traditional economy

d. traditional economy

A fifth-grade teacher wants to promote students' use of Standard American English grammar during formal presentations. Which of the following initial approaches would be most effective for the teacher to use for this purpose? a. ensuring that students' independent reading materials model correct use of Standard American English grammar b. administering quizzes to assess students' understanding of components of Standard American English grammar c. providing students with links to websites that demonstrate how to apply the rules of Standard American English grammar d. using authentic oral exchanges as opportunities to gently correct students' misuse of Standard American English grammar

d. using authentic oral exchanges as opportunities to gently correct students' misuse of Standard American English grammar

A sixth-grade teacher introduces students to a nonfiction article of the week assignment. Before the class reads the article, the teacher instructs the students to pay close attention to the headings and subheadings within the article. Which of the following rationales most likely contributes to the teacher's strategy? a. promoting close reading to encourage comprehension b. visualizing a pyramid to identify unfamiliar concepts c. developing comprehension through guided reading instruction d. using surface-level clues to promote comprehension

d. using surface-level clues to promote comprehension

A middle-school reading class is learning how to write informative essays. The teacher explains that there are different types of informative essays, and that these essays vary in structure depending on the aim of the author. The teacher then asks the students to write an essay that focuses on explaining a single subject to their audience. In this scenario, the teacher has asked the students to: a. write an instructional essay b. write an essay focused on analysis c. write a compare and contrast essay d. write an essay focused on definition

d. write an essay focused on definition

A circle graph is created to represent a bag of colored gumballs that contains four color groups as follows: 24 of the gumballs are red 20% of the gumballs are blue 9/20 of the gumballs are green 1/4 of the gumballs are yellow What is the degree measure of the central angle for the sector of the circle that represents the red gumballs? a. 10 degrees b. 24 degrees c. 36 degrees d. 160 degrees

c. 36 degrees

Parallelogram ABCD has three of its vertices a A = (0, -4), B = (-4, 2), and C = (1, 6). What is the slope of side AD of the parallelogram? a. 2/3 b. -3/2 c. 4/5 d. -5/4

c. 4/5 use formula y2-y2/x2-x1 (6-2/1-(-4)

Given that a and b are positive integers such that a>b, which of the following fraction comparisons must be true? a. a/b < b/a b. a/a+1 < b/b+1 c. b/a+b > a/a+b d. a-1/1 > b-1/b

d. a-1/1 > b-1/b

What is an isthmus?

a narrow strip of land with sea on either side, forming a link between two larger areas of land.

To find the height of the tree, a student placed a 3 foot stick 6 inches vertically into the ground and measured the shadow to be 1 foot long. The shadow of the tree measures 66 inches long. Which of the following is closest to the height of the tree? a. 14 feet b. 17 feet c. 19 feet d. 26 feet

a. 14 feet

Which of the following situations best illustrates the concept of voluntary exchange in a market economy? a. A company offers a job seeker an hourly rate that the potential employee accepts in return for his labor b. A store owner pays taxes to the local government in return for protection by local law enforcement and other benefits c. An individual accepts financial support offered by family members in order to pursue a professional degree d. A manufacturer decides to produce less of a particular product after the price of the product declines due to oversupply

a. A company offers a job seeker an hourly rate that the potential employee accepts in return for his labor

To help fifth-grade students remember when to cite sources in their research reports, a teacher provides students with the list below. Give credit to a source when you: 1. quote another person's spoken or written words 2. paraphrase another person's spoken or written words 3. use facts or statistics that are not common knowledge 4. use another person's idea or opinion 5.______________________________________ Which of the following phrases should be added to the list? a. Include reproductions of photographs or illustrations from a website b. Retell folktale, legend, or myth that is not attributed to any author c. Document results from scientific experiments that you conducted d. Provide information that most readers will consider to be factual

a. Include reproductions of photographs or illustrations from a website

A first-grade teacher is looking for a decodable text to give to a small group of students to reinforce their word-reading development. The students have already received instruction in single consonants, consonant blends, and short vowel sounds. The students have also been taught basic high-frequency grade-level sight words. Which of the following sentences could be included in a decodable text that is appropriate for these students? a. Jon gets a hit with his bat and runs fast. b. The mouse cannot rest with the cat here. c. Jill lies with her pet on the red carpet. d. Dave sat with his mom on the bench.

a. Jon gets a hit with his bat and runs fast.

An entering-level English language learner has acquired grade-level literacy skills in the home language. Which of the following features of the home language would be most likely to support the transfer of basic literacy skills from the student's home language to English? a. The home language's writing system is alphabetic as is English b. The vocabulary of the home language shares some cognates with English c. The home language includes several phonemes found in English d. The syntax of the home language is similar to that of English

a. The home language's writing system is alphabetic as is English

Given that f(x) = 2x +2 and g(x) = x +1 / 2, what is f(g(x))? a. x + 1 b. x + 2 c. x + 3 d. x + 4

c. x + 3

A teacher could best use which of the following examples to illustrate the role of government in resolving conflicts? a. defining requirements and procedures for citizenship b. using tax revenues to provide public services c. participating in international organizations d. maintaining a court system that citizens can access

d. maintaining a court system that citizens can access

While learning how to solve subtraction problems by regrouping, a third-grade student does the problems as shown below. 23 - 16 = 13 34 - 28 = 14 In working with the student on solving the problem 26 - 19 = ?, it would be most important for the teacher to emphasize that the: a. student must borrow a 1 and change the 2 to a 1 b. numbers should be aligned in columns c. operation of subtraction is the inverse of addition d. value of 26 is equal to 1 ten and 16 ones

d. value of 26 is equal to 1 ten and 16 ones

What is a quarter rest in music?

resembles a vertical squiggly line

Ms. Michaels wants to ensure that her sixth-grade social studies assessments are written in a way to best show true student mastery of the content. Which of the following should Ms. Michaels do to make her assessments as fair and representative of true learning as possible? A. Evaluate included examples to ensure that they are culturally accessible to all students. B. Attempt to use below grade-level vocabulary to make the questions more clear. C. Occasionally include unexpected written instructions like, "only answer the odd question," to train students to carefully read the instructions every time. D. Repeat the same testing format for each assessment to minimize confusion.

A. Evaluate included examples to ensure that they are culturally accessible to all students.

Which expression can be used to solve the following word problem? John and Jose want to buy a pizza for dinner and then head to a movie. They will each pay for their movie ticket, which costs $12 each, and they will split the pizza cost of $9. John has $17 and Jose has $20. How much will Jose have left at the end of the evening? A. 17 - (9/2 + 12) B. 20 - (9/2 + 12) C. 20 + 17 - 9 - 12 D. 9/2 + 12

B. 20 - (9/2 + 12)

Which of the following describes colors that when placed next to each other provide a vivid contrast and when combined create a gray color? A. monochromatic B. complementary C. analogous D. triad

B. complementary

As used in geographical maps, which of the following is a synonym for the term latitude? A. longitude B. parallel C. meridian D. coordinate

B. parallel

The smallest individual sounds in a word are called: A. morphemes. B. phonemes. C. pragmatics. D. segments.

B. phonemes.

Ms. Landers had planned to begin instruction on a new syllable pattern in class this week, but on the previous Friday, only half of the class showed proficiency with the previous skill. How should this information affect her plan for the upcoming week? A. She should continue whole-class instruction on the current skill. B. She should continue with the current plan but revisit the previous skill at a later date. C. She should plan to continue instruction focused on the previous week's skill with the struggling students before teaching them the new syllable pattern. D. She should reassess the skill to ensure that the initial results were reliable.

C. She should plan to continue instruction focused on the previous week's skill with the struggling students before teaching them the new syllable pattern.

Read the sentence below and answer the question: If the team wins the next game, they will go to the championship game, but that will be the hardest game to win. The sentence is an example of which of the following? A. complex sentence B. simple sentence C. compound-complex sentence D. compound sentence

C. compound-complex sentence

A kindergarten teacher is preparing to teach a unit about trees. Which of the following strategies will help students to gain background knowledge before beginning the unit about trees? a. Prepare a sensory table with leaves, bark, branches, and pinecones to teach new words and parts of trees. b. Show students a video about deforestation and the impact on local wildlife. c. Ask students to describe their Christmas trees during a warm-up activity. d. Make desk name tags for each student using leaf shapes and use a tree banner on the class bulletin board.

a. Prepare a sensory table with leaves, bark, branches, and pinecones to teach new words and parts of trees.

Mr. Zammit is teaching his class about shapes. One of his students incorrectly labels all rectangles as squares and all rectangular prisms as cubes. Which of the following should Mr. Zammit do in this situation? Select all answers that apply. A. Require his student to use correct mathematical vocabulary. B. Ignore the mistake because it is very common. C. Make an analogy to help the student understand his mistake, for example calling every rectangle a square is like calling every fruit an apple. D. Accept that the student is at least using some geometric terms and move on.

a & c

In what ways do small-group conversational activities help improve oral language development? Select all answers that apply. A. Students are able to respond to each other in a low-stakes setting, which contributes to higher student involvement. B. The teacher can step back from the discussion and allow students to express themselves. C. Students are able to chat with their friends, relieving stress and clearing the mind for more learning. D. Students can respond to each other and learn to formulate arguments and express different views.

a & d

The west wall of a square room has a length of 13 feet. What is the perimeter of the room? a. 52 feet b. 48 feet c. 169 feet d. There is not enough information

a. 52 feet

A can has a diameter of 4 inches and a height of 4.5 inches. Which of the following best represents the volume of the can? a. 56.5 in^3 b. 72.8 in^3 c. 135.6 in^3 d. 226.1 in^3

a. 56.5 in^3 V= (pi) (r)^2 (h)

Which of the following best describes the relationship between the development of spelling and decoding skills? a. Children generally develop decoding and spelling skills at the same time. b. The two skills, spelling and decoding, are only related for the most basic decodable words. c. Children typically develop spelling skills before decoding skills. d. Children typically learn to decode words significantly earlier than they are able to spell them.

a. Children generally develop decoding and spelling skills at the same time.

Which of the following is NOT an example of acceleration? a. Lionel rides the last mile of a race at a fast but steady speed. B. Crystal brakes to slow down before reaching some pedestrians. C. Maria speeds up while riding her bicycle. D. Jamal rides his bicycle around a corner.

a. Lionel rides the last mile of a race at a fast but steady speed.

One goal of a second-grade physical activities unit is to reinforce the fundamental motor skills and basic concepts of rhythm that students have been taught. Which of the following instructional approaches is likely to be most appropriate to use as a culminating activity to promote and reinforce second-grade students' understanding of rhythmic movement? a. Providing small groups of students with choices of music with simple tempos and asking each group to design a basic dance sequence set to music b. Asking students to demonstrate with a partner how to throw and catch with a beanbag or ball according to a rhythm the students verbalize or stomp out c. Setting up mats and asking students to practice tucked forward and backwards rolls, concentrating on rhythmic movement and sequential transfer of weight d. Using a marching beat and challenging students to jump rope individually and rhythmically in time to the beat for a

a. Providing small groups of students with choices of music with simple tempos and asking each group to design a basic dance sequence set to music

Which of the following research questions most clearly focuses on the geographic concept of place? a. What physical characteristics distinguish the Andes Mountains from the Rocky Mountains? b. What are the primary causes and effects of desertification in the Sahel region of Africa? c. What is the most efficient way to transport oranges that are grown in Florida to other parts of the US? d. In what ways have Eastern and Western Europe become more similar since the fall of the Soviet Union?

a. What physical characteristics distinguish the Andes Mountains from the Rocky Mountains?

In an introductory unit on electricity, fourth-grade students are investigating how to connect wires between a battery and an LED clock to start the clock. In the first attempt, a working group attached one electrical wire between the negative terminal of a battery and the positive terminal of the clock. Another electrical wire connects the negative terminal of the clock to the positive terminal of the battery. The clock fails to work. Which of the following actions can the students increase the likelihood that their clock will start working? a. adding an additional battery in series to increase the voltage of the circuit setup b. connecting a simple switch between the battery and the clock c. increasing the length and thickness of the wires used in the circuit d. rewiring the circuit so that each electrical wire connects two terminals of the same charge

a. adding an additional battery in series to increase the voltage of the circuit setup

During morning meeting in a first-grade class, students and their teacher discuss the day's posted schedule, and the teacher tells students that they should check the schedule periodically during the day. As the day progresses, several students who have listening challenges appear to be unaware of upcoming transitions. Despite the teacher's verbal reminders, the students have difficulty beginning transitions in a timely manner. To help the students better anticipate the teacher's verbal reminders and transition successfully to new activities, the teacher should implement which of the following strategies? a. adding clear visual prompts to the posted schedule b. having class buddies guide the students through transitions c. providing copies of the schedule to the students d. reviewing the schedule with all students throughout the day

a. adding clear visual prompts to the posted schedule

When using a light microscope, how is the total magnification determined? a. by multiplying the ocular lens power by the objective being used b. by looking at the objective you are using only c. by looking at the ocular lens power only d. by multiplying the objective your are using by two

a. by multiplying the ocular lens power by the objective being used

Which of the following tactics is an important defensive strategy to teach students in lead-up games because of its common use in invasion- or territory-type games (ex: basketball, field hockey, soccer)? a. containing, reducing, or denying open space while the opposition is on the move b. attempting to move in the direction of the goal or basket and attacking the end zone c. moving to open space and sharing or creating open space or pathways for passes d. following behind the offensive player closest to the end zone, goal, or basket

a. containing, reducing, or denying open space while the opposition is on the move

During the Elizabeth era in England, the plays of William Shakespeare served primarily which of the following purposes? a. entertaining the public b. teaching moral lessons c. promoting political leaders d. debunking historical inaccuracies

a. entertaining the public

In a fitness lesson, an elementary school class learns that the physical activity guidelines for Americans, published by the US Department of Health and Human Services, recommend that children participate daily in 60 minutes of mostly aerobic activity. The teacher defines aerobic, discusses examples of that activity and ask students to complete the following: Step 1: List 3 kinds of aerobic activity you like to do Step 2: Write down how many times you should engage in that activity each week Which of the following fitness principles does Step 2 address? a. frequency of activity b. intensity of activity c. time/duration of activity d. type of activity

a. frequency of activity

A fourth-grade teacher describes to students how to recognize various text organizational structures (e.g., cause/effect, comparison/contrast, problem/solution) and how to use text structure to aid in reading comprehension. The teacher then models how to apply the text-structure strategy with a passage from an informational social studies text. Which of the following steps should the teacher take next in this lesson? a. providing guided practice of the skill with a different text b. assessing understanding of the passage through text-dependent questions

a. providing guided practice of the skill with a different text

Much of the art of the Renaissance served primarily which of the following purposes? a. reflecting religious values b. providing lighthearted entertainment c. spreading political propaganda d. celebrating individual spirit

a. reflecting religious values

Theatre emerged in ancient Greece from which of the following: a. religious ceremonies b. political conflict between the city-states c. the need for actors to support themselves d. social tensions between enslaved people and citizens

a. religious ceremonies Modern theatre emerged from Greece in the 6th century B.C. Theatre evolved from religious ceremonies.

Which of the following teacher demonstrations would be the most effective way to introduce the concept of mechanical energy to elementary school students? a. rolling a model car down a ramp to the floor b. combining vinegar and baking soda to produce a volcano c. lighting an incandescent light bulb with a potato battery d. rubbing a balloon against woolen fabric and then sticking it to a wall

a. rolling a model car down a ramp to the floor

Fourth-grade students are working in small groups to research and write informative essays on related topics. While gathering information from teacher-selected texts, students write down relevant key words and their definitions. The students then post these words on a chart displayed in the front of the classroom. Students can refer to the chart when drafting their essays. This activity will benefit students' writing development primarily by: a. scaffolding students' academic vocabulary growth b. providing opportunities to use research techniques c. promoting essential note-taking skills d. helping students narrow broad topics

a. scaffolding students' academic vocabulary growth

A third-grade teaching is planning to conduct a close reading of a nonfiction historical narrative. The teacher is selecting general-academic and content-specific words from the text to teach explicitly to the class during the reading. Which of the following prereading strategies would best address the linguistic needs of an emerging-level English language learner in the class? a. selecting Tier One words from the text to preteach to the student explicitly b. providing the student with a vocabulary notebook for writing down unknown words c. having the student look through the text and identify unfamiliar words by circling them d. giving instruction in dictionary usage and letting the student practice looking up words from the text

a. selecting Tier One words from the text to preteach to the student explicitly

The substantial diversity observed in the behavioral norms, values, beliefs, interests, and tastes of individuals and groups can best be understood as a result of differences in: a. socialization b. economic status c. cognition d. social control

a. socialization