Immune System Question Bank
How can active immunity be obtained? -from the mother's breast milk -from an injection of antibodies that recognize invading microbes -from a vaccine -from the bloodstream
from a vaccine
The body produces antibodies complementary to foreign antigens. The process by which the body comes up with the correct antibodies to a given disease is most like _____. -ordering the lunch special at a restaurant without looking at the menu -going to a shoe store and trying on shoes until you find a pair that fits -going to a tailor and having a suit made to fit you -picking out a video that you have not seen yet
going to a shoe store and trying on shoes until you find a pair that fits
HIV attacks a certain type of T cell, thus causing _____. -immunodeficiency -it to make antibodies against the victim's own tissues -a drastic decline in nonspecific defense -the body to release a flood of antigens
immunodeficiency
A vaccine may contain _____. -antibodies that recognize invading microbes -white blood cells that fight infection -lymphocyte antigens -inactivated disease-causing microbes
inactivated disease-causing microbes
What line of defense against infection first comes into play once a pathogen has breached the body's surface? -cell-mediated immunity -active immunity -passive immunity -inflammatory response
inflammatory response
Chemicals produced by virus-infected cells that alert neighboring cells to prepare a defense are called _____. -antibodies -interferons -complement proteins -antigens
interferons
T and B cells are types of _____. -platelets -endocrine cells -lymphocytes -complement cells
lymphocytes
Which of the following cells would be a part of the nonspecific, second line of defense? -cytotoxic T cells -prostaglandins -B cells -macrophages
macrophages
As an allergy sufferer, _____ are some of my least favorite cells. -mast cells -natural killer cells -helper T cells -cytotoxic T cells
mast cells
A type of cell that makes immunizations effective is the _____. -killer B cell -memory B cell -killer T cell -macrophage
memory B cell
Which of the following types of cells initiates a secondary immune response? -memory cells -natural killer cells -effector cells -immature white blood cells
memory cells
What can white blood cells do that helps them carry out their defensive functions more effectively? -synthesize hemoglobin -swim against the flow of blood to the site of injury -migrate into and out of blood vessels -reabsorb their nuclei and other cell organelles
migrate into and out of blood vessels
Plasma cells _____. -stimulate other lymphocytes -multiply and make antibodies that circulate in blood and lymph -engulf and destroy bacteria and viruses -attack cells that have been infected by viruses
multiply and make antibodies that circulate in blood and lymph
Which of these attack cancer cells? -monocytes -natural killer cells -neutrophils -memory cells
natural killer cells
Macrophages and neutrophils defend against pathogens by _____. -producing antibodies -secreting lysozyme -phagocytizing pathogens -punching a hole in the plasma membrane of the pathogen, causing the cell to burst
phagocytizing pathogens
The process by which a white blood cell engulfs and destroys a bacterium is called _____. -phagocytosis -exocytosis -cyclosis -pinocytosis
phagocytosis
Which of the following can initiate an inflammatory response? -adrenaline -antibodies -physical injury such as a cut -a deficiency in histamine
physical injury such as a cut
In terms of molecular classes, antibodies are _____. -steroids -nucleic acids -proteins -carbohydrates
proteins
Following tissue damage or the entry of microorganisms, an inflammatory response may be initiated by the ______. -release of interferon by infected cells -release of chemicals such as histamine by damaged cells -accumulation of phagocytes in an injured area -increased blood flow to an infected or injured area
release of chemicals such as histamine by damaged cells
Functions of the lymphatic system include _____. -transport of oxygen to body tissues -return of fluid to the circulatory system and fighting infections -producing digestive enzymes and absorbing nutrients -filtering nitrogenous wastes from the blood
return of fluid to the circulatory system and fighting infections
Which of the following is not an autoimmune disease? - rheumatoid arthritis -type I diabetes -severe combined immunodeficiency -multiple sclerosis
severe combined immunodeficiency
Which of the following is a lymphatic organ? -blood -interstitial fluid -spleen -thymus
spleen
Which statement correctly describes drug resistance and AIDS? -As a result of development of antiviral treatments that involve a "cocktail" of three or more antiviral drugs taken in combination, drug resistance is rare and is no longer a concern in the developed world. -HIV mutates rapidly because its genetic material is RNA rather than DNA. As result, mutations, including drug-resistance mutations, can accumulate rapidly. -Although researchers have seen multiple drug-resistant HIV strains in patients taking combination drug therapy, this has never been seen in newly diagnosed patients. -The presence of multiple antiviral drugs in the bloodstream causes mutations to develop in patients taking three or more antiviral drugs in combination.
HIV mutates rapidly because its genetic material is RNA rather than DNA. As result, mutations, including drug-resistance mutations, can accumulate rapidly.
The immune system is initially capable of mounting responses to particular microorganisms because _____. -bone marrow cells determine which type of B and T cells to make -the body contains an enormous diversity of white blood cells, each with a specific kind of antigen receptor -bone marrow cells make different antigen receptors, depending on the invading microorganisms -white blood cells are able to change their antigen specificity as required to fight infection
the body contains an enormous diversity of white blood cells, each with a specific kind of antigen receptor
When searching for a donor for an organ transplant, doctors try to match the _____ of the donor and recipient as closely as possible. -blood type -antibodies -leukocytes -MHC "fingerprints"
MHC "fingerprints"
Which of the following statements regarding the cell-mediated response is correct? -Both B and T cells are responsible for the cell-mediated response. -The self proteins bind to and present the antigens to the cell so that macrophages can ingest them. -Macrophages digest the antigen to break it up into its components, which are then bound by and presented to the cell surface for removal. -Cells may clump around viruses to render the virus inactive.
Macrophages digest the antigen to break it up into its components, which are then bound by and presented to the cell surface for removal.
During a secondary immune response, _____. -several days are required from exposure to maximum effector response -the generation of effector cells begins with memory cells produced during the primary immune response -selected B cells generate antibody-producing effector B cells called plasma cells -the stricken individual may become ill
the generation of effector cells begins with memory cells produced during the primary immune response
The idea behind vaccination is to induce _____ without the vaccinated individual having to get sick. -the primary immune response -inflammation -passive immunity -nonspecific defenses
the primary immune response
The first line of defense against infection is _____. -the inflammatory response -the immune system -the skin and mucous membranes -antibiotics
the skin and mucous membranes
Fetal puppies and kittens receive passive immunity from mom by which of the following mechanisms? -the ingestion of a vaccine given to the mother -the transfer of antibodies from her bloodstream -prenatal exposure to diseases -the transfer of B cells and T cells from her bloodstream
the transfer of antibodies from her bloodstream
Which of the following cell types is specifically responsible for cell-mediated immunity? -leukocytes -T cells -natural killer cells -B cells
T cells
In a series of immune system experiments, the T cells of baby mice were inactivated. Which of the following would you predict as a likely result? -The mice readily accepted tissue transplants. -The mice never developed cancerous tumors. -the mice suffered from numerous allergies. -the mice suffered from autoimmune diseases.
The mice readily accepted tissue transplants.
The antigen-binding sites of an antibody molecule are formed from the molecule's variable regions. Why are these regions called variable? -They can change their shapes on command to fit different antigens. -They can be different shapes on different -Their specific shapes are unimportant. -They change their shapes when they bind to an antigen.
They can be different shapes on different antibody molecules.
Which of the following is initiated by the binding of antibodies to antigens? -inhibition of neutralization -secretion of interferon by infected cells -antigen activation -activation of complement proteins
activation of complement proteins
Passive immunity can be obtained from _____. -an injection of antibodies that recognize invading microbes -white blood cells that fight infection -a hormone that boosts the immune response -an injection of inactivated disease-causing microbes
an injection of antibodies that recognize invading microbes
A macromolecule produced in the body that recognizes another molecule as "foreign" to the body is a(n) _____. -antibody -antigen -lymphocyte -platelet
antibody
A substance that causes an immune response is called a(n) _____. -antigen -complement -interferon -antibody
antigen
If you are allergic to grass pollen, that pollen is a(n) _____. -antibody -antigen -histamine -antihistamine
antigen
The region of an antigen to which an antibody binds is termed the _____. -light chain -heavy chain -antigenic determinant -variable region
antigenic determinant
Monoclonal antibodies are used in, or show promise for use in, _____. -neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer's and autism -the manufacture of genetically modified foods -the treatment of cancer and type II diabetes -cancer treatment and pregnancy testing
cancer treatment and pregnancy testing
When you are immune to a disease, _____. -certain lymphocytes are able to make the proper antibodies quickly -B cells are stimulated to quickly engulf invaders -antibodies against the disease are constantly circulating in your blood -your nonspecific defenses are strengthened
certain lymphocytes are able to make the proper antibodies quickly
The proliferation of the B lymphocyte to which a specific antigen binds is referred to as _____. -parabiosis -antigenic determination -an activation sequence -clonal selection
clonal selection
A group of researchers tested many chemicals and found several that have potential for use in modifying the action of the immune system. Which of the following compounds has the most promise as a drug for inhibiting transplant rejection? -compound Q6: stimulates cytotoxic T cells -compound A13: acts like histamine -compound N98: a potent allergen -compound B55: suppresses specific cytotoxic T cells
compound B55: suppresses specific cytotoxic T cells
Which of the following types of cells kills infected body cells? -perforins -B cells -cytotoxic T cells -helper T cells
cytotoxic T cells
Which of the following is an immediate function of histamine? -decreasing the systemic blood pressure -decreasing the permeability of local capillaries -causing local arterioles to contract -causing local swelling of the muscle
decreasing the systemic blood pressure
Most individuals infected with HIV _____. -die from other infections or cancer -die within one week -never develop AIDS -die from autoimmune reactions
die from other infections or cancer
Which of the following is part of the inflammatory response? -massive production of antibodies -dilation of the capillaries -constriction of the arterioles -division of B and T lymphocytes to produce an army of effector cells
dilation of the capillaries