Immune ( TEST 1)

Which of the following are true statements about the immune system? (Select all that apply.) a. An increase in eosinophil levels is associated with atopic diseases. b. If B lymphocytes are deficient, a child develops many infections. c. T lymphocytes are formed in bone but mature in the thymus gland. d. Natural killer T cells are the type of lymphocyte involved in HIV infections.

a,b,c

If born with a primary B-lymphocyte deficiency, one would be unable to do which of the following? a. Produce antibodies b. Directly phagosize cells c. Produce corticosteroids d. Develop urticaria

a. B-lymphocytes are responsible for antibody production

Thinking of the QSEN competency of safety, which of the following procedures would you question for a child who has acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)? a. Immunization with varicella vaccine b. Having surgery for acute appendicitis c. Getting a very short haircut or shaving his or her head d. Administration of an aminoglycoside

a. Children with AIDS should not receive live virus vaccines because without the ability to produce antibodies, they might develop the actual disease. The other listed practices are not high risk.

Which antibody and white blood cell are most apt to be elevated in children with allergies? a. IgE and eosinophils b. IgB and lymphocytes c. IgM and monocytes d. IgA and leukocytes

a. IgE antibodies and eosinophils are associated with the development of allergies.

Contact allergies result from lymphocyte activity. If the patient contacted poison ivy from a hiking trip, what symptoms would the nurse expect to see? a. Linear strings of blisters on her arms b. Constant sneezing and coughing c. Irregular reddened blotches on all skin surfaces d. Petechiae on her legs or thighs

a. The mark of contact allergies is they leave an impression on the specific body surface that was contacted. Poison ivy branches leave linear strings of blisters that resemble the branch of the plant.

The health care provider suggested the mother begin some environmental control. Which statement by the mother would make you believe she needs further instruction? a. "I'm proud of Sarah's tropical fish collection." b. "I've thrown away everything that was wool." c. "I've forbidden anyone to smoke in the house." d. "I ask Sarah to leave the house while I dust."

a. Tropical fish tanks can be a source of mold spores, a common allergen.

Diagnosed as having allergic rhinitis. What finding from the nurse's physical exam is most consistent with this diagnosis? a. Linear lacerations on her mucous membranes b. A horizontal crease across her nose c. Eyesight of 20/40 and 20/60 d. Alopecia (hair loss)

b. A horizontal crease across the nose caused by constantly rubbing the nose (termed an allergic salute) commonly occurs in children with allergic rhinitis (hay fever).

HIV/AIDS is an infectious immune disorder. The nurse should closely monitor the patient's levels of what cell that is affected with this disorder? a. BBC monocytes b. CD4 lymphocytes c. HIV eosinophils d. Platelets

b. CD4 cells, or helper lymphocytes, are the cells most directly involved and inactivated by the HIV

The health care provider mentions the need hyposensitization for her allergies. The nurse should prepare for which of the following? a. She will not be allowed to eat any food to which she is allergic. b. She will receive injections of allergens to which she is sensitive. c. A course of an immune suppressive will be administered. d. A course of antibiotics will be started to suppress antibodies.

b. Small doses of injected or oral allergens cause an increase in IgM antibodies and blocks IgE formation.

The patient is prescribed an antihistamine. What is a common side effect of antihistamines that you would want to assess for? a. Irritation and short temper b. Lethargy or sleepiness c. Petechiae on skin surfaces d. Tingling of extremities

b. Some antihistamines cause such sleepiness; children have difficulty staying awake during school classes.

It is important to prevent maternal-fetal transmission of HIV/AIDS. Which drug is typically administered to pregnant women to achieve this goal? a. Penicillinase b. Zidovudine c. Ciprocal d. Prednisone

b. Zidovudine (ZDV) is a thymidine analog that inhibits the replication of some retroviruses, so it is effective in reducing the transmission of the HIV virus to a fetus.

A risk of hyposensitization is that anaphylaxis may occur, and the nurse has taken appropriate precautions. Which of the following statements best describes the signs and symptoms of anaphylaxis? a. Sudden pulmonary dilation leading to shortness of breath b. A sudden decrease in immune function resulting from trauma c. A sudden onset of pulmonary constriction and vasodilatation d. High blood pressure and bradycardia resulting from an allergen

c. An anaphylactic reaction is a sudden response to an inhaled, injected, or ingested allergen and causes pulmonary constriction and vasodilatation.

What is a common drug you could anticipate that will be prescribed to reduce the atopic dermatitis symptoms? a. An aminoglycoside antibiotic b. A glucose-based nasal spray c. A hydrocortisone cream d. An oral antihyperglycemic

c. An immune suppressant in the form of hydrocortisone cream reduces inflammation and helps heal lesions. The other listed drugs do not have this effect.

A child prone to allergies would be described as be described in the health history section of her electronic health record? a. Sclerosed b. Atrophied c. Atopic d. Dermal

c. Atopy describes individuals who are prone to allergy.

For a child who has a secondary immune deficiency. What aspect of the child's history is the most likely cause of this health problem? a. Weight above the 90th percentile b. Intravenous penicillin administration c. Administration of a corticosteroid d. A history of intense exercise

c. Corticosteroids depress the immune response and can consequently produce a secondary immune deficiency. This is not true of the other listed factors.

The patient is scheduled for allergy testing, and the nurse will assist with this procedure. In what action may the nurse participate? a. Implanting suspected allergens into her mucous membranes b. Instructing her to avoid all exposure to offending allergens c. Injecting suspected allergens under the child's skin d. Rubbing her skin with oil to induce an allergic reaction

c. If an allergen is injected into the skin or taken orally, an allergic response will occur at the site. This is the technique by which allergy testing is conducted.

When you are assessing the patient's ability to relieve the symptoms of the atopic dermatitis, what action would deem most appropriate and effective? a. She avoids wearing cotton clothing. b. She only uses organic products and eats organic food. c. Sarah uses a plastic scouring pad to scratch her skin when it feels itchy. d. Sarah knows to use a skin emollient.

d. Applying a skin emollient or moisturizer such as Eucerin helps to increase comfort and healing. Abrasives should be avoided, and there is no need to use organic products exclusively or to avoid cotton.

If a child had been born with a primary IgA deficiency, the nurse should prioritize assessments related to what health problem? a. Heart murmur b. Arthritis c. Neurologic disorders d. Respiratory infections

d. As IgA antibodies protect mucous membranes, infections of the skin and mucous membranes such as those in the respiratory tract are likely to occur

In light of the risk of anaphylaxis from hyposensitization, the nurse ensures that appropriate drugs are available. Which of the following drugs must be readily available? a. Prednisone b. Ciprocal c. Digoxin d. Epinephrine

d. Epinephrine is the drug of choice for counteracting vasodilatation and pulmonary vasoconstriction.

If the patient is allergic to insect stings, which would be the most appropriate household chore for her? a. Raking the lawn b. Mowing the lawn in summer c. Weeding the flower garden d. Washing the evening dishes

d. Insects are frequently attracted by garbage; bees can be stirred up by mowing or trimming flowers.

The nurse is providing care for a child who has a diagnosis of HIV/AIDS. This disease most often occurs from what source in children? a. Blood or plasma transfusions b. Infected skin lacerations c. Sexual relations with adults d. Maternal-fetal transmission

d. Most HIV/AIDS infections in children are caused from maternal-fetal transmission from mothers who have the disease.

Contact allergies are the result of a ___________ immune reaction.

delayed

_____________ immunity is characterized by the involvement of B lymphocytes.

humoral