Immunity

A child is brought to the clinic with a rash and is subsequently diagnosed with measles. The parent reports also having had measles as a young child. What type of immunity to measles develops after the initial infection?

Naturally acquired active immunity

A client with Sjogren's syndrome is experiencing xerostomia. Which information will the nurse provide to help alleviate this client's problem? Select all that apply.

Eat small frequent meals Omit spicy and salty foods Limit the intake of alcohol Avoid smoking

Which of the following is the most effective intravesical agent for recurrent bladder cancer?

Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG)

The nurse is caring for a female patient who has an exacerbation of lupus erythematosus. What does the nurse understand is the reason that females tend to develop autoimmune disorders more frequently than men?

Estrogen tends to enhance immunity.

Asthma is cause by which type of response?

IgE-mediated

Which immunoglobulin assumes a major role in bloodborne and tissue infections?

IgG

A client is prescribed montelukast as part of a treatment plan for an allergic disorder. The nurse understands that this drug belongs to which class?

Leukotriene-receptor antagonist

What is the most common cause of anaphylaxis?

Penicillin

Which type of lymphocyte is responsible for cellular immunity?

T lymphocyte

Which statement reflects what is known about the Ebola virus?

The diagnosis should be considered in a client who has a febrile, hemorrhagic illness after traveling to Asia or Africa.

A nurse is implementing appropriate infection control precautions for a client who is positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The nurse knows which body fluid is not a means of transmission?

Urine

A client has begun sensitivity testing to determine the allergen which caused an anaphylactic reaction 3 weeks ago. In scratch testing, which part of the body is more sensitive to allergens?

back

A nurse is working in a dermatology clinic with clients who have allergies. What is the most important chemical mediator involved in the allergic response?

histamine

The lower the client's viral load,

the longer the survival time.

A patient develops gastrointestinal bleeding from a gastric ulcer and requires blood transfusions. The patient states to the nurse, "I am not going to have a transfusion because I don't want to get AIDS." What is the best response by the nurse?

"I understand your concern. The blood is screened very carefully for different viruses as well as HIV."

Which is the usual incubation period (from infection to first symptom) for AIDS?

10 years

A client is infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) after sharing needles with another intravenous (IV) drug abuser. Upon infection with HIV, the immune system responds by making antibodies against the virus, usually within how many weeks after infection?

3 to 12 weeks

A client comes into the emergency department reporting difficulty walking and loss of muscle control in the arms. Once the nurse begins the physical examination, which assessment should be completed if an immune dysfunction in the neurosensory system is suspected?

Assess for ataxia using the finger-to-nose test and heel-to-shin test

The nurse is discussing childhood immunization recommendations with a pediatric patient's parent. Where would the nurse find the most current information on this topic?

CDC

A client with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) informs the nurse of difficulty eating and swallowing, and shows the nurse white patches in the mouth. What problem related to AIDS does the nurse understand the client has developed?

Candidiasis

A nurse cares for a client with early Hodgkin lymphoma. While assessing the client, the nurse will most likely find painless enlargement of which lymph node?

Cervical

The nurse practitioner who is monitoring the patient's progression of HIV is aware that the most debilitating gastrointestinal condition found in up to 90% of all AIDS patients is:

Chronic diarrhea.

A patient has had a successful heart transplant for end-stage heart disease. What immunosuppressant will be necessary for this patient to take to prevent rejection?

Cyclosporine

A nurse is caring for a client undergoing evaluation for possible immune system disorders. Which intervention will best help support the client throughout the diagnostic process?

Educate the client about the diagnostic procedures and answer their questions about the possible diagnosis

A client with psoriasis visits the dermatology clinic. When inspecting the affected areas, the nurse expects to see which type of secondary lesion?

Scale

The nurse is reviewing the diagnostic test findings of a client with rheumatoid arthritis. What would the nurse expect to find?

Elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate

A client is suspected of having an immune system disorder. The health care provider wants to perform a diagnostic test to confirm the diagnosis. What test should the nurse prepare the client for?

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

A client suspected of having human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has blood drawn for a screening test. What is the first test generally run to see if a client is, indeed, HIV positive?

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)

A nurse is preparing an in-service presentation about primary immunodeficiencies. When describing these conditions, what would the nurse need to integrate into the presentation?

Most cases are typically diagnosed in infancy.

Which of the following is considered a central nervous system (CNS) disorder?

Multiple sclerosis

The nurse understands that which cells circulate throughout the body looking for virus-infected cells and cancer cells?

Natural killer cells

The nurse is caring for a client with ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Which medication will the nurse expect to be prescribed for this client?

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)

Which condition is associated with impaired immunity relating to the aging client?

Renal function decreases

The body has several mechanisms to fight disease, one of which is sending chemical messengers. The messengers released by lymphocytes, monocytes, and macrophages have differing roles in the immune response. Which messenger enables cells to resist viral replication and slow viral replication?

interferons

A client with an autoimmune disorder asks, "Why is autoimmune disease more prevalent in the women in my family?" Which response will the nurse make to this client?

"It's believed to be caused by the differences in the sex hormones."

A nurse is explaining treatment options to a client diagnosed with an immune dysfunction. Which statement by the client accurately reflects the teaching about current stem cell research?

"Stem cell transplantation has been carried out in humans with certain types of immune dysfunction, and clinical trials using stem cells are underway in clients with a variety of disorders with an autoimmune component."

The nurse is teaching a newly diagnosed client about systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE). What statement by the client indicates the teaching was successful?

"The belief is that it is an autoimmune disorder with an unknown trigger."

A client with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) comes to the clinic and is experiencing white patches on the lateral border of the tongue. What type of lesions does the nurse document?

Hairy leukoplakia

A client is diagnosed with primary hyperuricemia. Which information in the client's health history will the nurse use to substantiate this diagnosis? Select all that apply.

Has daily intake of shellfish Has a family history of hyperuricemia

When describing the effects of treatment for phagocytic cell disorders, which of the following would the nurse include as being the most successful?

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

A client with severe combined immunodeficiency is to receive a hematopoietic stem cell transplant. What would the nurse expect to be started?

Immunosuppressive agents

The nurse is aware that the most prevalent cause of immunodeficiency worldwide is

Malnutrition

Which term defines the balance between the amount of HIV in the body and the immune response?

Viral set point

The majority of patient with primary immunodeficiency are in which age group?

Younger than 20

Which is the most common cause of anaphylaxis?

medications

A client with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is brought to the clinic by a family member. The family member tells the nurse the client has become forgetful, with a limited attention span, decreased ability to concentrate, and delusional thinking. What condition is represented by these symptoms?

AIDS dementia complex (ADC)

A public health nurse is teaching a mother about vaccinations prior to obtaining informed consent for her child's vaccination. What should the nurse cite as the most common adverse effect of vaccinations?

Allergic reactions to the antigen or carrier solution

A client is diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis. When teaching the client and family about rheumatoid arthritis, the nurse should provide which information?

Autoimmune disorders include connective tissue (collagen) disorders.

Activation of a natural immunity response is enhanced by physical and chemical barriers. Which of the following is a physical barrier, which the nurse knows can be altered by illness, nutrition, or lifestyle?

Cilia of the respiratory tract

The nurse assesses a patient who experienced a reaction to a bee sting. The patient's clinical findings indicate a pre-shock condition, which is evidenced by:

Cold, clammy skin and tachycardia.

Which term is used to describe microorganisms present in a host without host interference or interaction?

Colonization

A nurse cares for a client with a hematological disorder and malnutrition. What is the nurse's best understanding of how the client's nutritional status may worsen the client's hematological condition?

Decreased protein stores lead to decreased immune response

The nurse is assessing a patient with a diagnosis of scleroderma. What clinical manifestations of scleroderma does the nurse assess? (Select all that apply.)

Decreased ventilation owing to lung scarring Dyspnea owing to fibrotic cardiac tissue Dysphagia owing to hardening of the esophagus

A client with lupus has had antineoplastic drugs prescribed. Why would the physician prescribe antineoplastic drugs for an autoimmune disorder?

For their immunosuppressant effects

A middle-aged female client complains of anxiety, insomnia, weight loss, the inability to concentrate, and eyes feeling "gritty." Thyroid function tests reveal the following: thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) 0.02 U/ml, thyroxine 20 g/dl, and triiodothyronine 253 ng/dl. A 6-hour radioactive iodine uptake test showed a diffuse uptake of 85%. Based on these assessment findings, the nurse should suspect:

Graves' disease.

The nurse is assessing a client with decreased dexterity of the hands related to rheumatoid arthritis. The nurse knows that which process causes joint deformities?

Inflammation

A nurse is taking the health history of a newly admitted client and asks for a list of the client's current medications. Which medication classification would NOT place the client at risk for impaired immune function?

Inotropics

The nurse assesses the client and observes reddish-purple to dark blue macules, plaques, and nodules. The nurse recognizes that these manifestations are associated with which condition?

Kaposi sarcoma

A client is diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). After recovering from the initial shock of the diagnosis, the client expresses a desire to learn as much as possible about HIV and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). When teaching the client about the immune system, the nurse states that humoral immunity is provided by which type of white blood cell?

Lymphocyte

A nurse is reviewing the dietary history of a client who has experienced anaphylaxis. What would the nurse identify as a common cause of anaphylaxis? Select all that apply.

Milk Eggs Shrimp

A parent has brought a child to the clinic for a wellness check. While talking with the nurse, the parent asks the nurse to suggest a diet that will maximize the immune function of growing children. What dietary pattern should the nurse suggest?

Moderate diet that is balanced and varied

The nurse completes a history and physical assessment on a client with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) who was admitted to the hospital with respiratory complications. The nurse knows to assess for what common infection (80% occurrence) in persons with AIDS?

Pneumocystis pneumonia

A patient had unprotected sex with an HIV-infected person and arrives in the clinic requesting HIV testing. Results determine a negative HIV antibody test and an increased viral load. What stage does the nurse determine the patient is in?

Primary infection

What is the function of the thymus gland?

Programs T lymphocytes to become regulator or effector T cells

The nurse is caring for a client with a suspected immune system disorder. What test would be ordered if a deficiency or excess of immunoglobulins was suspected?

Protein electrophoresis

A client with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) complains that his hands become pale, blue, and painful when exposed to the cold. What disease should the nurse cite as an explanation for these signs and symptoms?

Raynaud's disease

A nurse is caring for a client who's experiencing septic arthritis. This client has a history of immunosuppressive therapy and the immune system is currently depressed. Which assignment is the most appropriate for the nurse caring for this client?

The nurse is caring for this client on the intensive care unit.

Which statement describes the clinical manifestations of a delayed hypersensitivity (type IV) allergic reaction to latex?

They are localized to the area of exposure, usually the back of the hands.

A nurse is taking health history from a new client, which includes asking about a history of blood transfusions. This is important for which reason?

Exposure to foreign antigens may cause altered immune function.

A nurse is teaching a community group about healthy lifestyles. A participant asks about how to maintain a healthy immune system. The nurse informs the group that which factor will positively affect the immune system?

Strong family and community connections

The nurse is working with a colleague who has a delayed hypersensitivity (type IV) allergic reaction to latex. Which statement describes the clinical manifestations of this reaction?

Symptoms are localized to the area of exposure, usually the back of the hands.

Which intervention should the nurse plan to implement to decrease the client's risk for injury during the intraoperative period?

Assess the client for allergies.