Immunodeficiency, HIV and AIDS

A child has just been diagnosed with a primary immune deficiency. The parents state, "Oh, no. Our child has AIDS." Which response by the nurse would be most appropriate?

"Although AIDS is an immune deficiency, your child's condition is different from AIDS."

A client is prescribed didanosine (Videx) as part of his highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Which instruction would the nurse emphasize with this client?

"Be sure to take this drug about 1/2 hour before or 2 hours after you eat."

A nurse is providing discharge teaching to a client who is immunosuppressed. Which statement by the client indicates the need for additional teaching?

"I can eat whatever I want as long as it's low in fat."

After teaching a client with immunodeficiency about ways to prevent infection, the nurse determines that teaching was successful when the client states which of the following?

"I should avoid being around other people who have an infection."

The nurse's base knowledge of primary immunodeficiencies includes which of the following statements?

Primary immunodeficiencies develop early in life after protection from maternal antibodies decreases.

The period from infection with HIV to the development of antibodies to HIV is known as which of the following?

Primary infection

Nursing students are reviewing the pathophysiology of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). They demonstrate understanding of the information when they state which of the following as containing the genetic viral material?

RNA

A nurse educator is preparing to discuss immunodeficiency disorders with a group of fellow nurses. What would the nurse identify as the most common secondary immunodeficiency disorder?

AIDS

When assisting the patient to interpret a negative HIV test result, the nurse informs the patient that the results mean which of the following?

Antibodies to HIV are not present in his blood.

A nurse is preparing an in-service presentation about human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) for a group of new graduate nurses. As part of the presentation, the nurse is planning to describe the events that occur once HIV enters the host cell. Which of the following would the nurse describe as the first step?

Attachment

A client visits the nurse complaining of diarrhea every time they eat. The client has AIDS and wants to know what they can do to stop having diarrhea. What should the nurse advise?

Avoid residue, lactose, fat, and caffeine.

A client suspected of having HIV has blood drawn for a screening test. What is the first test generally run to see if a client is, indeed, HIV positive?

ELISA

A client is suspected of having an immune system disorder. The physician wants to perform a diagnostic test to confirm the diagnosis. What test might the physician order?

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

A healthcare worker has been exposed to the blood of an HIV-positive client and is awaiting the results of an HIV test. In the meantime, what precautions must the healthcare worker take to prevent the spread of infection?

Follow the same sexual precautions as someone who has been diagnosed with AIDS.

Which of the following indicates that a client with HIV has developed AIDS?

Herpes simplex ulcer persisting for 2 months

HIV is harbored within which type of cell?

Lymphocyte

A client in a late stage of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) shows signs of AIDS-related dementia. Which nursing diagnosis takes highest priority?

Risk for injury

You are caring for a client who has a diagnosis of HIV. Part of this client's teaching plan is educating the client about his or her medications. What is essential for the nurse to include in the teaching of this client regarding medications?

Side effects of drug therapy

Which of the following statements reflects the treatment of HIV infection?

Treatment of HIV infection for an individual patient is based on the clinical condition of the patient, CD4 T cell count level, and HIV RNA (viral load).

The balance between the amount of HIV in the body and the immune response is the:

Viral set point

The majority of patient with primary immunodeficiency are in which age group?

Younger than 20

Diagnosis of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is made by which of the following?

biopsy

Which of the following is the first barrier method that can be controlled by the woman?

female condom

The nurse is reviewing the medical record of a client who is positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The nurse notes that the client is classified as HIV asymptomatic based on which CD4+ T lymphocyte count?

greater than 500

Which of the following is the most common HIV-related malignancy?

karposi's sarcoma

A client comes in to get an ELISA test done because her physician suspects AIDS. Which of the following nursing actions is essential before an ELISA test is performed?

obtain a written consent

Ataxia is the term that refers to

uncoordinated muscle movement

A nurse is implementing appropriate infection control precautions for a client who is positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The nurse demonstrates a need for a review of transmission routes by identifying which body fluid as a means of transmission?

urine

A nursing student is recalling and discussing a test question with a fellow student. The question asked the students to identify the five disorders of common, primary immunodeficiencies. The student knows that humoral immunity and T-cell defects are two. Choose the other three from the list below.

• Combined B- and T-cell defects • Phagocytic disorders • Complement production

A secondary immunodeficiency is characterized by the following. Choose all that apply.

• It may be caused by certain viruses. • It frequently is caused by certain autoimmune disorders. • It usually occurs as a result of underlying disease processes.

A client asks a nurse, "What can I use to decrease my risk of exposure to HIV?" Which of the following would the nurse include as effective in reducing the risk of HIV exposure? Select all that apply.

• Sexual abstinence • Latex male condoms • Polyurethane female condoms • Dental dams

A client with AIDS is exhibiting shortness of breath, cough, and fever. The nurse most likely would suspect infection with which of the following?

Pneumocystis jiroveci Explanation: Although mycobacterium, legionella, and cytomegalovirus may cause the signs and symptoms described, the most common infection in people with AIDS is pneumocystitis pneumonia caused by pneumocystis jiroveci. It is the most common opportunistic infection associated with AIDS.

A 45-year-old waitress with a history of IV drug use also is HIV-positive. She has been following her antiretroviral medication regimen faithfully and is doing well. She's attending college to get a social work degree and is focused on a bright future. In her regular CD counts, what factor will indicate she has progressed from HIV to AIDS?

CD count < 200/mm Explanation: A CD (T-cell) count of less than 500/mm indicates immune suppression; a CD (T-cell) count of 200/mm or less is an indicator of AIDS.

A mother brings her young child to the clinic for an evaluation of an infection. The mother states, "He's been taking antibiotics now for more than 2 months and still doesn't seem any better. It's like he's always sick." During the history and physical examination, which of the following would alert the nurse to suspect a primary immunodeficiency?

ten ear infections in the past year