India and British

6. What was the composition of the British army in India?

155,000 soldiers, more than third were native recruits or sepoys.

20. What was the major economic activity that survived in India?

Agriculture + farming.

5. Why was bureaucracy such a huge and important part of British rule?

Because it allowed state officials to make decisions, instead of people that are voted for. They were trained to rule colonial subjects.

14. What social groups were most obviously negatively impacted by British rule?

Brahman

1. How did British economic involvement in India begin?

British sought to control the commerce of India by establishing trading posts along the coast but without taking complete political control. They did so through the EIC.

10. How did the E.I.C. lose their monopoly?

British were getting angry because of their colonial methods, and had the E.I.C. abolished.

3. How did British political involvement in India begin?

EIC enlisted Hindu kings and Muslim princes. Emperor remained the same, but had little power because of the Company's administrators. The British fought and defeated the Mughals.

18. What was the Doctrine of Lapse? How could you claim it was positive? How could you claim it was negative?

Justified who got the land of royalty when they died. Could be good so that distribution is fair. Could be bad because the land could be distributed to people who would abuse it.

9. How did colonial rule affect India's urban development?

Many people were attracted to the cities, which caused them to grow and develop. Also, they weren't all living together. Nice white parts, and black towns.

11. How was India drawn into a mercantilist system? What were the effects of this?

Mercantilism: Countries are either moving up or moving down. . Buy raw goods and sell finished goods. One country profits. Believe that there always is a winner in any trade. There is always one side that gets the better deal. Britain takes with unfair prices, the industry declines.

19. (Related to 11 above) Why was India only producing 2% of the world's industrial output in 1900?

Mughal Empire destroyed it (not Britain)

2. Did Britain really establish free trade with India? Be able to explain.

No they did not. Free trade for the British, but not for the Indians. EIC had the monopoly.

17. Before the Mutiny (so, 17th- mid. 18th century), is British India technically a British colony (in the way, for example, the American colonies were)? Explain.

No, it is not a British colony because it is run by a preparation. It's run by a corporation.

12. What were (different) British attitudes to Indian culture? Note especially how it changes over time.

Orientalism: "like" the east but believe white people should be in power.

15. What social groups were most obviously positively impacted by British rule?

Peasants could move up with taxes.

21. What was positive about railroads? Negative?

Spread British goods + Army, helped trade. Could damage the caste divisions.

7. How could they afford to pay all these troops and sustain their empire?

Taxes from the landowners.

8. How did colonial rule affect India's rural life?

Taxes were paid for by large and small landowners. Slums = black town.

4. What were motives for their political involvement in India?

They had a very big army. (Recruitment) Take taxes directly, through ruler + landowners. So now they can just charge them directly. Put officials at each different place, better security.

22. Would you expect Indian merchants, in general, to be for or against the British?

They would be for it because they got rid of their taxes in the caste system.

13. How did the British attempt to change Indian culture?

Tried to stop girl killing herself. Tried to change religion and language. This was all for the benefit of Britain

16. After the E.I.C.'s monopoly is ended, do they still exist? Explain.

Yes the Company still exists, but they are only allowed to govern in India.